p arties and elections j Ānis i kstens. audit of democracy 2005-2014 how democratic is latvia?...
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![Page 1: P ARTIES AND ELECTIONS J ĀNIS I KSTENS. Audit of Democracy 2005-2014 How democratic is Latvia? Political parties – ever more inclusive?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d005503460f949d1d20/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PARTIES AND ELECTIONSJĀNIS IKSTENS
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Audit of Democracy 2005-2014
How democratic is Latvia?
Political parties – ever more inclusive?
![Page 3: P ARTIES AND ELECTIONS J ĀNIS I KSTENS. Audit of Democracy 2005-2014 How democratic is Latvia? Political parties – ever more inclusive?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d005503460f949d1d20/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Audit of Democracy 2005-2014
How democratic is Latvia?
• Growing party penetration since 2007– Number of parties doubled– Number of party members grew by 70%– Low formal hurdles– Numerous local (!) parties
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Audit of Democracy 2005-2014
How democratic is Latvia?
• Growing regulation and enforcement– Registry of party members– Minimum structure of decision making– Party/campaign finance restrictions
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Audit of Democracy 2005-2014
How democratic is Latvia?
• High salience of election campaigns• Party finance– Private donations– Insignificant membership fees– Direct state funding since 2012
5.2
0.49
0.63
DonationsMembership feesState subsidy
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Audit of Democracy 2005-2014
How democratic is Latvia?
• Internal party democracy– Leader-centered war machines in hostile
circumstances
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Audit of Democracy 2005-2014
How democratic is Latvia?
• Low public trust in political parties– Government efficiency– Corruption – Issues of representation
• Main issue – limitation of undue (external) influence
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Audit of Democracy 2005-2014
How democratic is Latvia?
Elections – accountability at work?
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Audit of Democracy 2005-2014
How democratic is Latvia?
• Decrease in voter turnout– Low trust in political efficacy– Socio-economic factors– Peculiarities of statistics
1993. 1995. 1998. 2002. 2006. 2010. 2011. 2014.0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
89.9
71.9 71.9 71.5
61 63.159.4 58.8
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Audit of Democracy 2005-2014
How democratic is Latvia?
• Above-average voter volatility– Dissatisfaction with social/economic
development– Low entrace thresholds for newcomers– Party finance and low institutionalization of
parties
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Audit of Democracy 2005-2014
How democratic is Latvia?
• Growing use of preference votes– Political sophistication– Age – Ethnic minorities
2002. 2006. 2010. 2011. 2014.55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
58.6
60.3
63.6
58
62.4
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Audit of Democracy 2005-2014
How democratic is Latvia?
• Elections results accepted domestically and internationally– Wider participation opportunities– Good administration of elections– Measures against electoral fraud– Election observation (domestic/international)
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Audit of Democracy 2005-2014
How democratic is Latvia?
• Avenues for further exploration– i-voting– Citizen associations eligible to field candidates– Wider access of candidates to media– Restrictions on KGB officers– NGOs and campaigning
• Main issue – falling turnout
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Audit of Democracy 2005-2014
How democratic is Latvia?
Thank you!