p. 378 – 386 in your book
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p. 378 – 386 in your book. The Middle Ages -- Review . Europe years 500-1000 called the “Dark Ages” Continuous invaders from south (Magyars) and west (Vikings) Loss of security from Roman Empire DECENTRALIZATION Lead to a spiritual revival - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
p. 378 – 386 in your book
The Middle Ages -- Review • Europe years 500-1000 called the “Dark
Ages”– Continuous invaders from south (Magyars)
and west (Vikings)– Loss of security from Roman Empire– DECENTRALIZATION
• Lead to a spiritual revival– Church began restructuring / massive
building projects (Cathedrals)
Muslim, Jew, Christian…
Historical Concept West vs East• Mycenaean Greeks• Athenians/Spartans• Alexander’s
Campaigns• Roman Catholics and
Eastern Orthodox Christians
• Crusaders• Israel• U.S. led coalitions
• Trojans (Hittites)• The Persian Empire• The Persian Empire
• Rise of Islam; Muslims and Turks
• Muslims• Palestine• Iraq/Afghanistan
Historical Concept West vs East
The Crusades
What are they?
• Muslim Turks threatening to conquer Constantinople (capital of Byzantine Empire)
• Byzantine Emperor pleads for help• Pope Urban II – issued a call for a “holy
war” to gain control of the Holy Land • Next 300 years littered with Crusades
against the Muslims.
The Crusades
• Soldiers, trained killers, Knights and the Crusades:
• http:What should we do with these trained killers? //www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-niTeTY7pw
Goals of the Crusades• Economic
– Merchants profited by giving loans to fund the journey– Leased ships to transport armies across Mediterranean– Take trade routes from Muslim traders
• Social– Younger sons, who would not inherit property saw it as a chance
to claim land– Get the violent knights out of Europe….fighting and destruction
in another land.• Political
– Get rid of fighting knights who threatened peace and church property
• Religious– Reclaim Palestine and reunite Christians (was split East & West)– Stop Muslim attacks
1st and 2nd Crusades• All classes gathered in
Constantinople• ill-prepared for war – didn’t
know climate, geography, culture
• No strategy and no leader• All were promised a spot in
heaven• Most were French –
Bohemians, Germans, Englishmen, Scots, Italians and Spaniards joined as well
The First Crusade was launched in 1096
1st Crusade
• An army of 12k approached Jerusalem, and besieged the city for a month
• Capture the city in 1099
• Victory was a narrow strip of land
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGj_bOX9yGo&feature=related
Textbook
•Page 325 and 326
2nd Crusade
• These newly formed Christian states were vulnerable to Muslim counterattack
• 1144 – Edessa reconquered by Turks• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_Y748
407hA• 2nd Crusade organized to recapture the
city – it failed in 1187• Jerusalem had been captured by Saladin
a Muslim leader
3rd Crusade to Recapture Jerusalem
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXCJhNKQw3Q
• Led by 3 of Europe’s most powerful monarchs– Phillip II of France– Frederick I of
Germany– Richard the Lion
Hearted of England– What eventually
happened in 1192?
The Consequences of the Crusades
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EF0uKNJyHj4
• What were some of the consequences of the Crusades?
Consequences
• a) Italian Merchants get rich equipping knights – ports of Italy busier than ever.
• b) Important trade routes re-opened between Europe and the Middle East
• c) New products introduced to Europe – silk, spices, fine cloth, technology
• d) The remaining kings and lords in Europe become more powerful because enemies were killed in the Middle East
Crusades -- Consequences
• e) After the failure of the Crusades, the Middle East remains controlled by Muslim Turks = the Ottoman Empire until the end of World War I, 1918