¡¡oxigeno!!. dr.a. benjumeda maira

7/23/2019 Oxigeno!!. Dr.A. Benjumeda Maira

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jg|g k~w}km|hg+. Kòmhkgxgom`xm m` ji`xgjxi ji` mzxg m`x|ghg# z}|ag hmc mjiìok~ghi|

}`g ucu}cg |ma}cghi|g "x|kv ugcum+# hm j}{g jg|g kèm|ki| z}|ag }` cg|ai x}li

ji||}aghi "oihmci Od. KU hm cg \GE+# w}m zm ji`mjxglg ji` cg ozjg|g |mzvk|gxi|kg# }`

oihmci B hm cg \GE "7;8:+ oihkekjghg "vi| Jixmz751+# v|iukzxg hm }`g xm|jm|g ucu}cg

hm ghokzk` { hm }`g vkm~g v|ixmjxi|g hm jg}jbi ghgvxglcm g cg lijg { `g|k~ 752#75;.

Eka. 75. "k+ Mw}kvi hm jk|j}kxi glkm|xi hm Li}|hkcci`. "h+ Xm`~kà @i|ag{ ji` mc mw}kvi hm jk|j}kxi glkm|i hm

Li}|hkcci 716.

751Jixmz NM. Um`xkcgxi|{ jgvgjkx{ gx gcxkx}hm g`h kxz |mcgxki` xi ogzd hmzka`. M`> G hkzj}zzki` i` xbm vb{zkicia{ ie og` gc bkab

gcxkx}hmz. L|{g` Ogxxbmqz "hk|+. V|ijmmhkàz ie xbg \i{gc Zijkmx{ ie Ci`hi`. Zm|km L. Lkiciakjgc Zjkm`jmz. 7= Hmj 7;=8. 78:. ;76>

:))qqq.qi|dkà`mx.jio)xb}`hm|lmg|)


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Mw}kviz hm irkamì z}vcmom`xg|ki71

Jkck`h|i i lixmccg hm iramì g v|mzk`. Ogì||mh}jxi|# ogòmx|i. Jg}hgcomx|i. X}li hm ji`mrk`. Hkzvizkxkui hm z}ok`kzx|i hm iramì.

Eka.7. Mw}kvi hm irkamì z}vcmom`xg|ki hm Gm|iomhkr718.

71< N}|ghi \ih|a}m~ L. V|ixijici Irkamìxm|gvkg Jih. VA/HM/:7. Hk|mjjk` hm Mèm|om|g hmc Bizvkxgc Jizxg hmc Zic. 7;)67)


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G+ Jkck`h|i hm iramì

\mjkvkm`xm omxckji hm ei|og jkc`h|kjg hm gjm|i i gc}ok`ki# egl|kjghi vg|g zivi|xg|

gcxgz v|mzki`mz# hi`hm zm gcogjm`g mc iramì g v|mzk` { g vg|xk| hmc j}gc zmhkzx|kl}{m. Zk lkm` z} v|k`jkvki hm ji`zx|}jjk` mz kh`xkji gc hm cgz lixmccgz hm gk|m

jiov|kokhi }zghgz m` mc l}jmi xkm`m gca}`gz jg|gjxm|zxkjgz v|ivkgz71=>

Zci hmlm` zm| jg|aghgz hm iramì vg|g }zi omhkjk`gc. Cg |izjg { mc xkvi hm a|kei mzx` ì|ogck~ghiz# ì v}hk`hizm movcmg| a|keiz

g}xi|k~ghiz vg|g ix|iz xkviz hm agzmz. M` z} vg|xm z}vm|ki|# cg lixmccg ccmug |izjghi

}` a|kei w}m hmlm mzxg| ì|ogck~ghi vg|g mc }zi hm iramì g gcxg v|mzk`.

Cg v|mzk` orkog hm x|glgni z}mcm zm| hm


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Gc jkck`h|i zm cm gjivcg zkmov|m }` og`i||mh}jxi|# }`g ucu}cg |mh}jxi|g hm

v|mzk`# w}m hkzok`}{m cg v|mzk` mrkzxm`xm m` cg lixmccg "7=6/


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mukxg| v|hkhgz# w}m hmlm|` zm| mzvmjkgcmz vg|g vihm| }xkck~g|zm ji` mw}kviz hm

iram`i g v|mzk`72))qqq.gm|iomhkr.jio)M/IrY:5YGukgxki`YIr{am`YZ{zxmo.bxoc4 "h+ bxxv>))m`.vikzd/cxh.jio)aiihz)jckolm|z)jckolm|zY


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G+ J`}cgz i agegz `gzgcmz

Ji`zkzxm` m` }ìz x}liz vczxkjiz ecmrklcmz v|iciàgjk` hmc x}li ji`mjxi|# w}m zm

ghgvxg` g cgz eizgz `gzgcmz omhkg`xm hiz zgckm`xmz { w}m zm og`xkm`m` zil|m ciz

vglmcci`mz g}|kj}cg|mz. Mz mc zkzxmog oz ejkc hm }zg| { m` am`m|gc o}{ lkm` xicm|ghi.Vm|okxm bglcg|# jiom| { hi|ok| gc oi`xgm|i zk` k`xm||}ovk| mc gvi|xm hm I ))qqq.ge|kjgx|gumc|mzi}|jm.jio)ge|kjg)xg`~g`kg)`m) dkckog`ng|i)a}khm)

jckolkà/dkckog`ng|i/gckx}hm/zkjd`mzz.721 Bm`h|kjdz HO# Viccijd @Q# @gxick ON# Ug`` \H. Oi}`xgk`mm|kà ir{am` ogzd vm|ei|og`jm gx 8=1< o. Gukgx Zvgjm Mùk|i`

Omh.


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Mc oihmci Gcc/`kabx { mc oihmci VIKZD \]AK.67.661.666.66 ZL zi` ciz oz

zkovcmz. Zm lgzg` m }`g jczkjg ogzjg|kccg `gzi/l}jgc ji` }`g liczg |mzm|ui|ki. Zm

|mjiokm`hg` vg|g hi|ok|.

Eka.1. "k+ Oihmci Gcc/`kabx hm Vikzd# "h+ Oihmci VIKZD \]AK.67.661.666.66 ZL722.

Cgz vg|xmz hmc oihmci Gcc/`kabx zi`> "7+ ozjg|g xkvi Um`x}|k hm vickmxkcm`i4 "


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hmc oihmci+ bg{ }` ji`mjxi| m` à}ci |mjxi hm mcgzxom|i z}gum ji`mjxghi g }`g

liczg |mzm|ui|ki "=66 oc+# { }` x}li hm z}ok`kzx|i hm iramì ji` ec}nomx|i.

Eka. 2. "k+ Oihmci VIKZD Lgzkj#"h+ Oihmci Xbm Bkogcg{gz hm Vikzd72;.

Goliz oihmciz zm bg` k`zvk|ghiz m` }`g ozjg|g hkzmghg vi| mc ohkji

g`mzxmzkzxg Xbiogz E. Bi|`lmk`7;6# hmc Zg` Hkmai @gugc Bizvkxgc# vg|g }`g mrvmhkjk`

gc Mum|mzx m` 7;5:7;7.

Eka. ;. "k+ Xbiogz Bi|`lmk`# Mum|m|zx 7;5:4 "h+ Xbiogz Bi|`lmk`# Mum|m|zx 7;5:# Lg||{ Lkzbiv. @gxki`gc Amia|gvbkj.

Vkjx}|m Kh> 5=61=7.7; bxxv>))m`.vikzd/cxh.jio)aiihz)jckolm|z)jckolm|zogzdvikzd.bxoc.

7;6 Cg`m D. Xiic ]zm|z> Xbm am`mzkz ie Xio Bi|`lmk`!z ir{am` ogzd.Gcvk`kzx. Gv|kc. ))qqq.`gxki`gcamia|gvbkjzxijd.jio)

àzkogamz)mrvci|m)mrvci|m.nze


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Mc zka}km`xm oihmci m` jiovcmnkhgh mz mc Bkogcg{gz hm C}r# xgolk`

hmìok`ghi K|lkz# cg ni{g hm cg ji|i`g. Z} hkem|m`jkg e}`hgom`xgc# ji` |mzvmjxi g

ciz oihmciz v|mukiz# |mzkhm m` cg ozjg|g `gzi/l}jgc# hm cxmr z}gum# hkzmghg {

ji`zx|}khg mzvmjkgcom`xm vi| cg mov|mzg :O. Cg ucu}cg hm cg k`bgcgjk` mzx zkx}ghg

m` cg vi|jk` g`xm|ki|# jm|jg hm lijg { cg `g|k~# { cg ucu}cg hm cg mrbgcgjk` m` cg

vi|jk` cgxm|gc k~w}km|hg. M` cg vi|jk` cgxm|gc hm|mjbg# hmvm`hkm`hi hmc oihmci+ bg{

}` ji`mjxi| m` à}ci |mjxi hm mcgzxom|i z}gum ji`mjxghi g }`g liczg |mzm|ui|ki "=66

oc+# { }` x}li hm z}ok`kzx|i hm iramì.

Eka.76. Oihmci Xbm Bkogcg{gz hm C}r. Vikzd7;:.

Vi| z} vg|xm# cg jgzg Z}ookx Ir{am` "qqq.z}ookxir{am`.jio+ xkm`m jiom|jkg/

ck~ghi mc oihmci Ukzki` Egjmogzd.

Eka. 77. Z}ookx Ir{am`z Ukzki Oi}`xgk`mm|kà Egjmogzd. @mkc A|mm`qiih7;8.

7;:E}m`xm> bxxv>))m`.vikzd/cxh.jio)aiihz)jckolm|z)jckolm|zogzdvikzd.bxoc

7;8E}m`xm> bxxv>))qqq.mrvci|mbkogcg{g.jio)lcia)z}ookx/ir{am`/egjmogzd).


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Cg ogzjg|g mzx egl|kjghg ji` zkckji`g ecmrklcm# o}{ |mzkzxm`xm g cgz xmovm|gx}|gz

mrx|mogz hm cg gcxg oi`xgg# j}lkm|xg vi| }` mrimzw}mcmxi hm xmjìvicom|i h}|i.

Xkm`m hiz ucu}cgz# }`g m` vizkjk` e|i`xgc { ix|g m` vizkjk` cgxm|gc k~w}km|hg# golgz

lkhk|mjjki`gcmz "k`bgcgjk` { mrbgcgjk`+# v}hkm`hi ivm|g| m` goliz zm`xkhiz vg|g

|mh}jk| cg |mzkzxm`jkg g cg |mzvk|gjk`# { hkzmghgz mzvmjekjgom`xm vg|g w}m ì zm

jiàmcm` j}g`hi mzx` jm||ghgz. Ci ìumhizi mz cg mzx|}x}|g a|kz jiovgjxg

|mhi`hmghg zkx}ghg m` vizkjk` cgxm|i/hm|mjbg# }` |mzm|ui|ki hm iramì "bgjm mc

vgvmc hm cg jczkjg liczg |mzm|ui|ki# mz hmjk|# gj}o}cg iramì okm`x|gz mc oi`xgm|i

mzvk|g+# ei|oghi vi| }` hkge|gaog hm zkckji`g m`jm||ghi m` }`g j}lkm|xg vczxkjg

m`h}|mjkhg vi| }`g z}zxg`jkg hmìok`ghg R{cmr 1


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G+ Zkzxmogz hm ec}ni ji`zxg`xm

7+ Mw}kvi hm irkam`ixm|gvkg VIKZD

Ji`zxg hm }` jkck`h|i ckam|i# oihmci LD/)) vmgde|mgdz.jio)ir{am`.bxo


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Eka.7:. Mw}kvi Bkogcg{g Z}ookx Ir{am`. @mkc A|mm`qiih7;2.

Mc jg}hgcomx|i# w}m hkem|m`jkg g mzxm zkzxmog hmc hm Vikzd# vm|okxm gc oi`xgm|i

jgckl|g| joihgom`xm# { ji` }`g mrgjxkx}h hmc $)/ bxxv>))qqq.mrvci|mbkogcg{g.jio)lcia)z}ookx/ir{am`/egjmogzd)7;; E}m`xm> bxxv>))qqq.mrvci|mbkogcg{g.jio)lcia)z}ookx/ir{am`/egjmogzd)


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:+ XivI}x Z{zxmo "qqq.xivi}x.ji.}d+

Mz }` zkzxmog o}{ }xkck~ghi m` gcxg oi`xgg. G hkem|m`jkg hm ciz oihmciz v|mukiz#

zm |mzvk|g iram`i v}|i# cklm|`hizm mc gk|m mzvk|ghi g cg gxozem|g. E}m hkzmghi vi|Xmh Gxdk`z# k`am`km|i gm|i`gxkji# mr iekjkgc hm cg \.G.E. { }` mrvm|kom`xghi

mzjgcghi|. Ji` }` v|kom| v|ixixkvi gcjg`~ cg jkog hmc Mum|mzx m` ))qqq.o{mum|mzx.jio) ihm)766


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Eka. 72. Liczg |mzm|ui|ki { lixmccg vm|ei|ghg XivI}x Z{zxmo


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v|kog|{ |mh}jkà |ma}cgxi|+# x}li hm ji`mrk` hm vick}|mxgì ecmrklcm o}{ |mzkzxm`xm

hm jici| |ini "ciq/v|mzz}|m zm|ukjm ck`m+# w}m zm ji`mjxg "k`v}x+ ji` cg }`khgh ]HZ "w}m

xkm`m }`g g}xiìog hm =6 bi|gz ji` }` vkcg gcjgck`g hm ; U+# hm cg w}m zgcm "i}xv}x+

ix|i x}li hm ji`mrk` hm jici| g~}c w}m ccmag bgzxg }`g j`}cg `gzgc hm zkckji`g i

ozjg|g egjkgc.

Eka. 7;. Oi}`xgk` Bkab MHZ/6))qqq.obir{am`.jio) k`hmr.vbv9ivxki`?jioYji`xm`x%ukmq?g|xkjcm%kh?5;>mhz/ivi|xglcm/v}czm/

hmog`h/i


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j+ Jk|j}kxi hm Ekzbm|/Zioia{k

M`


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GZVMJXIZ V\GJXKJIZ CIZ JK\J]KXIZ GLKM\XIZ


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zm og`xmàg cg ucu}cg gjxkug. J}g`hi cg ucu}cg zm jiàmcg# mc oi`xgm|i zm hg|

j}m`xg gc ìxg| }`g |mzkzxm`jkg gc mzvk|g|.

g jck`kjgc |mji|h. Bkab Gcx Omh Lkic.


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Iramì z}vcmom`xg|ki "KK+>

mw}kviz hm jk|j}kxi jm||ghi

Mùmnmjm| mz jioi mzjgcg| }`g a|g` oi`xgg> okm`x|gz zm z}lm cgz e}m|~gz hkzok`}{m`# vm|i cg

ok|ghg mz oz ckl|m# cg ukzxg oz govckg { zm|m`g.

Kàog| Lm|aog`


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Mw}kviz hm jk|j}kxi jm||ghi

Mzxiz mw}kviz "ir{am` jcizmh jk|j}kx |ml|mgxbm|+ zm jg|gjxm|k~g` e}`jki`gcom`xm vi| mc

|mjkjcgnm hmc gk|m mzvk|ghi# w}m ì zm cklm|g g cg gxozem|g# hmc w}m zm |mxk|g mc JI< "gc

vgzg| g x|guz hm }`g zic}jk` zckhg hm jg|l` gjxkughi+ { zm |m}xkck~g mc I }`g ozjg|g jiovcmxgom`xm

bm|oxkjg# { }` cg|ai { vmzghi zkzxmog hm x}lm|gz# w}m hmlg` zm| mw}kvghgz ji`

ucu}cgz hm ì/|mxi|ì vi|

}`g vg|xm# w}m xg` zci zm glzi|ukm|g }` 86- hm cg jg`xkhgh xm|kjg hm JI Mum|mzx7;=: "7+. Jbg|cmz Q{ckm "mh+. Bkogcg{g` Ni}|`gc.

7;=8. 72.


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w}m mc glzi|lm`xm xm`h|g }` a|g` vmzi> m` cgz mrvm|km`jkgz hm jgovi zm jgcj}c w}m

zm|g` `mjmzg|kiz jk`ji i zmkz jkck`h|iz hm : ckx|iz


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Eka =. Jbmoir \mzvk|gxi|{ Z{zxmo))cmgxbm|bmgh76;.qi|hv|mzz.jio)


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Eka. 5. Mzw}mog am`m|gc hmc mw}kvi Jbmoir. Xio Bic~mc#


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Eka. 1. Mc v|ixixkvi BJ\ "Bic~mc Jbmoir \ml|mgxbm|+ jcizmh/jk|j}kx ir{am` z{zxmo))qqq.vgxm`xam`k}z.jio)kogam)888675=/


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Eka. 2. Mc v|ixixkvi BJ\ "Bic~mc Jbmoir \ml|mgxbm|+ jcizmh/jk|j}kx ir{am` z{zxmo


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Eka.76. Ogzjg|g hmc v|ixixkvi hm Bic~mc


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v|k`jkvgc# g cg gcx}|g hm cg og`i k~w}km|hg hmc oi`xgm|i zm zichglg }`g ucu}cg hm

z}ok`kzx|i hm I Ir{am` mw}kvom`x. M`> Xbm gzjm`x ie Mum|mzx hm B}`x N. Bihhm| g`h Zxi}ibxi` Cxh.Ci`h|mz. @iukmol|m 7;=:. Vak`g Gcvk`m Ni}|`gc# =;# @i.


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ejkcom`xm cklm|ghi { zm oihkekji cg }`k` hmc vgw}mxm hm glzi|jk` }` cg liczg hm

|mzvk|gjk`+


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"qgxm| x|gv+# }` |mzm|ui|ki "vg|g |mjiam| mc iramì mog`ghi hmc vgw}mxm hm

glzi|jk`+# }` jkck`h|i hm iramì# m` ji`xgjxi vi| cg vg|xm kèm|ki| ji` mc vgw}mxm hm

glzi|jk`# { }`g }`khgh hm ji`x|ic mcmjx|`kji "w}m mzx ji`mjxghg g hiz hkihiz

c}okìziz zkx}ghiz m` cg ozjg|g# { w}m kèi|og zil|m cg zkx}gjk` hmc zkzxmog { hm cg

VKI


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97/134

k`hkukh}iz57=/82=/;


98/134

gjckogxgjk`


99/134

IRKAM@IXM\GVKG

M` ok ivk`k`# w}km` mzxg`hi ji` }`g zgx}|gjk` hm iramì o}{ lgng# ji` zkaìz/z`xiogz

mukhm`xmz hm gcxm|gjk` hmc jiovi|xgokm`xi { hm cgz bglkckhghmz hmc jiìjkokm`xi { ji` egxkag

vi| zil|mmze}m|~i# ì }xkckjm mc iramì g|xkekjkgc# xm`k`hici g ogì# mz }` k`ji`zjkm`xm w}m

jiomxm }`g kov|}hm`jkg xmom|g|kg# vi`km`hi m` vmcka|i z} v|ivkg ukhg { cg hm w}km`mz ci|ihmg`.

H|. Niz \go` Oi|g`hmk|g#


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Irkam`ixm|gvkg

Zm hm`m jioi mc gvi|xm g|xkjkgc hm iram`i "I


101/134

zk`xioxkji jigh{}ug`xm# ghmoz# zm v}mhm }zg| v|iomxg~k`g " 57


102/134

" 57


103/134

J+ Mhmog jm|ml|gc "BGJM+

Mc BGJM mz }`g mom|am`jkg ohkjg { hmlm zm| x|gxghi v|i`xi { ga|mzkugom`xm.

Hmzjm`zi k`omhkgxi "ilckaghi+ hm jioi o`koi 566 omx|iz. Ghmoz# zm ghok`kzx|g|

iram`i "g }` ec}ni hm 57


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Mc jgcm`xgokm`xi hm cgz ugz g|mgz "gk|qg{ qg|okà+ gjmcm|g# hm og`m|g

mzxghzxkjgom`xm zka`kekjgxkug# cg umcijkhgh hm |mjgcm`xgokm`xi hm }`g ujxkog hm

bkvixm|okg:: Li|hm` K`zxkx}xm# Ieekjm ie xbm

Z}|ami` Am`m|gc# ]Z G|o{ Omhkjgc Hmvg|xom`x. g` mrvm|kom`xgc zx}h{ ie k`bgcgxki` |mqg|okà. Gukgx. Zvgjm

Mùk|i`. Omh.85>7


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7+ Ji`jm`x|ghi|mz hm iram`i

Hkjbiz mw}kviz zm jiovi`m` hm }` jiov|mzi| mcjx|kji w}m bgjm vgzg| mc gk|m

golkm`xm g x|guz hm }` ekcx|i# w}m vi| glzi|jk` "{ vi| cgz hkem|m`jkgz hm vmziz

oicmj}cg|mz m`x|m mc `kx|am`i { mc I 7;/


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"oihmci XI/;6/:@# Xmknk`+# { v|ih}jg gk|m ji` }`g ji`jm`x|gjk` hm I< hmc ;6 $)/ ;27/8.:85

Ckxjb NG# Lkzbiv \G# Zbm|vg OX. D}`hm Bizvkxgc g`h Ukccgam Jck`kjz G``}gc \mvi|x 7;;2/7;;;. Dgxbog`h}# @mvgc> Bkogcg{g`

X|}zx4 7;;;.:81 Z}zxg`jkg vi|izg# ji`zxkx}khg vi| okj|ij|kzxgcmz hm zkckjgxi gc}o`kji# w}m glzi|lm kx|amì hmc gk|m w}m vgzg g z} x|guz.:82

Hgukz NJ. Ir{am` zmvg|gxmh e|io gk| }zkà g oicmj}cg| zkmum. Jbm|` Mà. 7;1 22/2;.:8; Ckxjb NG# Lkzbiv \G. Ir{am` ji`jm`x|gxi|z ei| xbm hmckum|{ ie z}vvcmom`xgc ir{am` k` |moixm bkab/gcxkx}hm g|mgz. Qkchm|`mzz

Mùk|i` Omh.


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`mjmzkxg x}liz hm ji`mrk` mzvmjkgcmz# ji` ji`mjxi|mz |izjghiz xkvi HKZZ m` z}z hiz

mrx|moiz.

Cg v|k`jkvgc um`xgng hm mzxm zkzxmog mz w}m zm ji`zka}m }`g og{i| h}|gjk` hmc

z}ok`kzx|i hm iramì w}m ciz zkzxmogz hm ec}ni ji`xk`}i# {g w}m zci z}ok`kzx|giramì gc memjx}g| }`g k`zvk|gjk`. Zk` molg|ai# hmlkhi g w}m zci v|ivi|jki`g`

iramì gc k`zvk|g|# z} }zi mz vizklcm `kjgom`xm m` gjjkhm`xghiz ji`zjkm`xmz.

Eka. 7. HG@ Ir{am` Mjiìo{ ]`kx:=6.

Cg e}m`xm hm I< mz }` |mjkvkm`xm omxckji hm ei|og jkc`h|kjg# egl|kjghi vg|g zivi|xg|

gcxgz v|mzki`mz. Zk lkm` z} v|k`jkvki hm ji`zx|}jjk` mz kh`xkji gc hm cgz lixmccgz hm gk|m

jiov|kokhi { ix|iz agzmz g v|mzk`# { xkm`m gca}`gz jg|gjxm|zxkjgz w}m zm hmlm`

jiìjm|:=7>

Zci hmlm` zm| jg|aghgz ji` iramì vg|g }zi omhkjk`gc. Cg |izjg { mc xkvi hm a|kei mzx` ì|ogck~ghiz vg|g mc }zi hm I< g gcxg v|mzk`# ì

v}hk`hizm movcmg| a|keiz g}xi|k~ghiz vg|g ix|iz xkviz hm agzmz. M` Mzvgg# mc

gjivcgokm`xi hmc a|kei gc ogì||mh}jxi| zm bgjm ì|ogcom`xm omhkg`xm }`g |izjg

hm xkvi bmol|g# ))qqq.hg`gzkgvgjkekj.i|a# "h+ bxxv>))qqq.gcckmhbvk.jio)kogamz)~;6/66/6677.vhe:=7 G`h|z Ag|jg NG# Zgcgz Vg|hi M. J}|zi hm Ghok`kzx|gjk` hm Iramì. Og`}gc hmc gc}oì. 7 mhkjk`. EMHGZ#


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Vg|g z} gvckjgjk` m` jgziz mzxglcmjkhiz hm ogc hm gcxg oi`xgg# m` v|kom| c}ag| bg{

w}m gjivcg| mc x}li hm z}ok`kzx|i mzvmjkgc g cg zgckhg HKZZ hmc jg}hgcomx|i { gc

|ma}cghi|. C}mai zm gl|k| "cm`xgom`xm+ mc a|kei hm cg lixmccg { zm gn}zxg| cg ccgum hmc

jg}hgcomx|i vg|g }` ec}ni hm 7= cxz)ok`. G ji`xk`}gjk` zm gn}zxg cg ogzjg|g g cg jg|g

hmc gjjkhm`xghi { zm cm k`hkjg w}m |mzvk|m vg}zghgom`xm. Bg{ w}m jiov|ilg| w}m cg

ogzjg|kccg zm movgg gc mzvk|g| { w}m ciz oiukokm`xiz |mzvk|gxi|kiz hmc x|gr zm bgjm`

hm ei|og |ma}cg|:=


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Mc jk|j}kxi |mzvk|gxi|ki ji`zkzxm m` }`g ozjg|g i|i/`gzgc "hm a|g` xgogi+ ZmgcEcmr

"MOZ K`j.+# ji`mjxghg g }`g vkm~g Q{m "m` [+ hm


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Eka. 8. Ucu}cg VMMV hm Gol:=5

.

Mc vgw}mxm hm glzi|jk` hm JI< mz }` jkck`h|i hm vczxkji ji` < |mjkvkm`xmz hm

Vcmrkacz "hm ;6 oc jghg }`i+ w}m ji`xkm`m` cg z}zxg`jkg glzi|lm`xm hm JI


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Jioi j}|kizkhgh zm bg` v|ilghi mzvmjekjgom`xm vg|g gcxg oi`xgg hiz mw}kviz hm

irkamìxm|gvkg vi|xxkcmz "w}m ilxkm`m` w}okjgom`xm mc iramì# w}m ì mzx

v|mz}|k~ghi+# "7+ mc Z{zI


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Bkvixm|okg

E}m mc hijxi| \g{oi`h A|mm`m mc v|kom|i m` jiov|ilg| mc ugci| hmc }zi hmc iram`i

jioi vg|xm hmc x|gxgokm`xi hm cgz ji`amcgjki`mz:5


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jm||ghi }xkck~ghi m` g`mzxmzkg hmìok`ghi Qgxm|z! Jg`kzxm|:5;# hmzg||iccghi m`

7;

Eka. 7. Zkzxmog hm Qgxm|z:17

.

Qgxm|z zmgc cgz ug|kgz um`xgngz hm z} hkzmi:1 }`g og|jghg mjiìog hm agzmz {

ugvi|mz# z} |mh}jkhi vmzi { uic}om`# w}m egjkckxg mc x|g`zvi|xm# { cg ji`zm|ugjk` hmc

jgci| { b}omhgh.

Cgz vg|xmz hm cgz w}m zm jiovi`g mc v|ixixkvi hm }zi bizvkxgcg|ki m|g`> jkck`h|i hm

iramì "G+# ji` ogì|mh}jxi| { }`g ucu}cg g hmog`hg gjxkughg vi| cg k`zvk|gjk`

"hmog`h |mh}jkà ugcum+ "L+# hm cg w}m zgcg }` x}li hm jg}jbi w}m zm ji`mjxglg gc

gvg|gxi g x|guz hm }`g ucu}cg hm Qgxm|z. Mc gvg|gxi vm| zm jiovi`g hm }`g

mzx|}jx}|g jkc`h|kjg# ji` }`g vi|jk` v|irkogc { hkzxgc# |mccm`g hm jgc zhkjg "E+. Hm cg

vi|jk` v|irkogc z}|ag }` x}li w}m hm hkukhg m` x|mz |gogz hm jg}jbi ecmrklcm. ]`g

hm mccgz "i}xeciq+ zm ji`mjxglg gc jkck`h|i hm iramì g x|guz hmc x}li hm jg}jbi

omhkg`xm }`g ucu}cg hm Qgxm|z. Ix|g g }`g liczg |mzm|ui|ki hm jg}jbi hm 5 ckx|iz# zk`

ucu}cg hm Bmkhml|k`d "H+ { ix|g g }` zgjgji|jbiz "m` |mgckhgh }` mrx|gjxi| hm

ji|jbi vi| k`{mjjk` hm JI< g v|mzk` g x|guz hm }`g a|}mzg ga}ng jcgughg g x|guz

hmc xgv` hm ji|jbi+ "Ji|dmxxm# Zvg|dcmxz Ji|dogzxm|+ "J+# ji` cg vi|jk` hkzxgc hm

cg ga}ng z}v|kokhg# w}m k`jc}{m m` z} k`xm|ki| }`g lixmccg g v|mzk` hm JI< "zvg|dcmx

j{ck`hm| ie JI


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Eka.


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Zm jicijg cg ogzjg|g "N+ zil|m cg lijg { `g|k~ hmc gjjkhm`xghi# zm gl|m mc jkck`h|i hm

iramì "G+. Mc vgjkm`xm zm cm vm|okxm |mzvk|g| h}|g`xm < ok`}xiz bgzxg w}m cg liczg

|mzm|ui|ki "H+ zm movkm~g g ccm`g| "mzxi zm bgjm vg|g gzma}|g| w}m mrkzxg }` zmccghi

bm|oxkji m` xi|ì g cg ozjg|g { vg|g ckovkg| mc jk|j}kxi ji` iramì+. Vg|g jgcm`xg| mc

jkck`h|i hm Qgxm|z "A+# mc zgjgji|jbiz "J+ zm gjxkug bgzxg w}m mc jkck`h|i hm JI< w}m

ccmug hm`x|i zm ugjm. G ciz = ok`}xiz# zm jg|ag ji` }` `}mui jkck`h|i hm JI< { zm

gjxkug bgzxg w}m zxm zm ugjm. M` ji`hkjki`mz o}{ ghum|zgz zm| `mjmzg|ki }` xm|jm|

jkck`h|i g v|mzk` hm JI< vg|g gcjg`~g| cg xmovm|gx}|g ghmj}ghg. Mc |mjkvkm`xm hm

Qgxm|z "A+ zm og`xm`h| m` xihi oiom`xi vi| hmlgni hmc `kumc hm cg ozjg|g egjkgc "N+#

zkm`hi o}{ kovi|xg`xm gzma}|g| w}m mc jkm||m bm|oxkji zm og`xkm`m m`x|m cg jg|g { cg

ogzjg|kccg { jiov|ilg| w}m mc jkck`h|i hm iramì ì zm gaixg. X|gz }`g bi|g hm

e}`jki`gokm`xi zm |mjg|ag| mc zgjgji|jbi ji` }` `}mui jkck`h|i hm JI "G+ hmc jkck`h|i hm

iramì. "L+ cg v|kom|g egzm ucu}cg |mh}jxi|g { ogòmx|i. "J+ Cg hmog`hg hm

|mh}jjk` hm cg ucu}cg ji` gjjki`gokm`xi og`}gc vg|g vm|okxk| mzv}og hm x}liz hm `miv|mì. "N+ Ogzjg|kccg egjkgc. "D+ Xm|oomx|i hm

|makzx|i hm cg xmovm|gx}|g omhkg hmc gk|m m` cg m`x|ghg hm cg ozjg|g. "C+ Ghgvxghi|

vg|g |mccm`g| jkck`h|iz hm iramì vmw}mg hm }` a|g` jkck`h|i.

:18 E}m`xm> Cci{h MC. \mukmq g|xkjcm . Mw}kvom`x ei| gk|qg{ qg|okà k` xbm x|mgxom`x ie gjjkhm xgc b{vixbm|okg. Ni}|`gc ie


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Eka. 8. Zkzxmog hm Cci{h:1=.

Hkjbi mw}kvi "ckam|i# jiovgjxi vi|xxkc { |il}zxi+# omni|ghi { vm|emjjki`ghi# zm

xmzx ji` rkxi m` mc Mum|mzx# m` zmvxkmol|m hm 7;1=:15# m` mc ji`xmrxi hm cg hmìok`ghg

Li`kàxi` Mum|mzx Mrvmhkxki`# m` cg w}m Hi}a Zjixx { Hi}agc Bgzxi` ji`zka}km|i`

gcjg`~g| "g cgz zmkz hm cg xg|hm hmc hg 57/5=.:11

Hg`~c HE# Cci{h MC. X|mgxom`x ie Gjjkhm`xgc B{vixbm|okg. Omhkjgc Gzvmjxz ie Bg|zb Mùk|iòm`xz# Uic}om 7. Jbgvxm| 75.

Dm`x L. Vg`hice# VbH g`h \ilm|x M. L}||# OH. Xmrxliidz ie Okckxg|{ Omhkjk`m. Qgzbkàxi`# HJ> Li|hm` K`zxkx}xm# Ieekjm ie xbm

Z}|ami` Am`m|gc# ]Z G|o{ Omhkjgc Hmvg|xom`x. zxiv jich k`z}eecgxkà'. EKVZ 7=xb Qi|ch Jià|mzz#

Xka`mz# gv|kc ))mz.zj|klh.jio)hij)


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XKVIZ HM ZKZXMOGZ HM IRKAM@IXM\GVKG VG\G BKVIXM\OKG:1;

G vg|xk| hm mzxiz v|kom|iz v|ixixkviz zm hmzg||iccg|i` ciz gjx}gcmz oihmciz# w}m zi`>

g+ Omhkg`xm jgcm`xgokm`xi hm ga}g>

/ B}okhkekjghi| \MZ/W/GK\ oihmc Bx/7666 "\MZ/W V|ih}jxz K`j.+/ Vg|gjghgz x|okji "xm|ogc vg|gjb}xm+ "mrvm|kom`xgc+./ ]UKJ Bmgx X|mgx:26#:27./ Zkzxmog hm Bg{qg|h/Zxmkòg` "o}{ v|jxkji+

l+ Omhkg`xm |mgjjk` w}okjg vg|g v|ih}jm| jgci| { b}omhgh>

Ug|kgz |mgjjki`mz w}okjgz am`m|g` jgci|# vm|i cg og{i|g hm ciz v|ih}jxiz w}okjiz

zi` jg|iz { uic}okìziz# hkejkcmz hm og`mng| i ji`x|icg|# { mz viji v|ilglcm w}m mzx`

hkzvi`klcmz.

/ Iramì zckhi> GUKIR "jci|gxi hm zihki+./ Mw}kvi hm jk|j}kxi jm||ghi hm Cci{h./ Jk|j}kxi glkm|xi> \mukug "jgc zihghg+# Zkzxmog hm A}kch:2< "jgc zihghg+

Ckxxcm H|gai` "jgc zihghg+.

/ BMCKIR. Mc jgci| { cg b}omhgh zm v|ih}jm` vi| cg |mgjjk` hmc iramìji` mc bkh|amì# omhkg`xm }` jgxgck~ghi| "}`g ogccg vi|izg hm gcok`g

vcgxmghg ji` vcgxkì+ k`zm|xghi m` cg ji||km`xm hm agz n}zxi g`xmz hm cg

liw}kccg.

Hm mzxiz oihmciz# gca}ìz zm w}mhg|i` m` cg egzm hm v|ixixkvi# ix|iz |mz}cxg|i` viji

v|jxkjiz m` gcxg oi`xgg. V|ilglcmom`xm ciz j}gx|i omni|mz zi`>

:1;Cci{h MC. \mukmq g|xkjcm . Mw}kvom`x ei| gk|qg{ qg|okà k` xbm x|mgxom`x ie gjjkhm xgc b{vixbm|okg. Ni}|`gc ie Qkchm|`mzz

Omhkjk`m. 7;;7. ::6/:=6.:26

Zxm|lg NG. @gu{ Mrvm|kom xgc hkukà }`kx |mvi|x i. ;/;6. Meekjgj{ g`h zgemx{ ie v|m/bizvkxgc |mqg|okà xmjb`kw}mz xi x|mgx

gjjkhm`xgc b{vixbm|okg. ]Z@\. Og{ 7;;64.:27

Omdnguk KL# Mkdm` I. K`bgcgxki` |mqg|okà e|io b{vixbm|okg> g` mugc}gxki` k` / 8


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G+ B}okhkekjghi| \MZ/W/GK\ "\MZ/W V|ih}jxz K`j.+

K`zx|}om`xi ì kùgzkui hm |mjgcm`xgokm`xi vg|g ujxkogz hm bkvixm|okg. \mw}km|m

}`g e}m`xm hm gckom`xgjk`# vm|i xkm`m }`g lgxm|g k`xm|`g. Zm hmzg||iccg g vg|xk| hm }`g

kùmzxkagjk` hm ciz ekzkciaiz Nib` Bg{qg|h { \ilm|x Hi}qm`z hm cg ]`kum|zkhgh hm

Ukjxi|kg# m` L|kxkzb Jic}olkg. Mz }xkck~ghi m` ì|xmgo|kjg vi| ciz mw}kviz hm |mzjgxm

hm oi`xgg. Mc gk|m ghok`kzx|ghi zm jgckm`xg g 8


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Eka.1. Vg|gjghgz x|okji hm Ei|g{:28.

J+ Zkzxmog hm Bg{qg|h/Zxmkòg`

M` 7;1= Nib` Z. Bg{qg|h { Gcg` O Zxmkòg`:2= hmzg||iccg|i` }` mw}kvi hm

irkamìxm|gvkg lgzghi m` mc vgzi hmc iramì g x|guz hm }` |mjkvkm`xm "jgcm`xghi| hm

Lm``mxx+ ji` ga}g jgckm`xm "jgcm`xghg g x|guz hm }`g |mzkzxm`jkg+# g }ìz 16J# ccmag`hi

b}omhmjkhi { jgckm`xm "g 86/8= J+ g cg ozjg|g.

Eka.2. Zkzxmog hm |mjgcm`xgokm`xi hm Bg{qg|h/Zxmkòg`:25.

:28E}m`xm> Cci{h MC. \mukmq g|xkjcm . Mw}kvom`x ei| gk|qg{ qg|okà k` xbm x|mgxom`x ie gjjkhm`xgc b{vixbm|okg. Ni}| gc ie

Qkchm|`mzz Omhkjk`m. 7;;7. ::6/:=6. v. :: ;/72:25

E}m`xm> Bg{qg|h NZ# Zxmkòg` GO. X|mgxom`x ie gjjkhm`xgc b{vixbm|okg "g` Mrvm|kom`xgc zx}h{ ie k`bgcgxki` |mqg|okà+.ZV]OZ. 7;15.5. 7> ;/72. Vga. 77. Eka 7.


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H+ Ckxxcm H|gai`

Hkzmghi vi| L|kg` NIVCK@A# okmol|i hmc L|kxkzb Jgum \mzj}m Ji}`jkc. Zm jicijg

hm`x|i hm zgji hm hi|ok| hm cg ujxkog vg|g z} }zi. Zm m`j}m`x|g jiom|jkgck~ghi. Vmzg

"k+ Cci{h MC. \mukmq g|xkjcm. Mw}kvom x ei| gk|qg{ qg|ok`a k` xbm x|mgxom`x ie gjjkhm xgc b{vixbm|okg. Ni}| gc ie

Qkchm|`mzz Omhkjk`m. 7;;7. ::6/:=6. v. :87. Eka. 77. "h+ Jcg}hm Blmxxm# U|i`kw}m Cma|g`h# C}jkm` Jghi~. B{vixbm|okg > zxiv


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Jgog|gz vi|xxkcmz hm v|mzk :22

Cg jog|gz vi|xxkcmz hm v|mzk` zi` }`iz zgjiz bm|oxkjiz egl|kjghiz ji`

ogxm|kgcmz ckam|iz w}m zm k`z}ecg` }zg`hi }`g liolg hm og`i i vkm v|ivi|jki`g`hi

}`g |vkhg v|mz}|k~gjk` hmc vgjkm`xm:2; vg|g zko}cg| }` hmzjm`zi:;6# zk mzxm mz

kov|gjxkjglcm:;7# g }`g v|mzk` mw}kugcm`xm g }`g gcxkx}h w}m ug|g m`x|m ciz 7=66 {


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og`mni hm cg jog|g g`xmz hm x|gzcghg|zm g a|g` gcxkx}h. Zm hmlm` bgjm|

zkzxmoxkjgom`xm hmoizx|gjki`mz { v|jxkjgz ji` xihiz ciz okmol|iz hmc a|}vi g`xmz

hmc gzjm`zi. Zm bg` hmoizx|ghi jiovckjgjki`mz kovi|xg`xmz "vi| mnmovci# bkvm|jgv`kg

zmum|g# |ix}|g hm xovgì# mxj+ hmzv}z hm z} }zi vi| vm|zi`gz ì jiovmxm`xmz.

K@HKJGJKI@MZ

X|gxgokm`xi }|am`xm hm>

/ Ogc Ga}hi hm Oi`xgg zmum|i "OGO+./ Mhmog hm V}co` hm a|g` gcxkx}h "MVG+:;8#:;=./ Mhmog Jm|ml|gc hm a|g` gcxkx}h "MJG+:;5#:;1.

Zm bg hmoizx|ghi w}m mc }zi hm cg jog|g bkvm|l|kjg vi|xxkc gckukg ciz zkaìz {

z`xiogz hmc OGO zmum|i# MVG i MJG vi| }` jkm|xi mzvgjki hm xkmovi. M` cg c`mg hm

mukxg| mc memjxi |mlixm m` ciz jgziz zmum|iz hm MVG# mc vgjkm`xm hmlm|g mzxg| /m` cg

omhkhg hm ci vizklcm/ mrm`xi hm xihi mze}m|~i hmzv}z hm bglm| zkhi x|gxghi m` cg

jog|g4 k`jc}zi }`g ji|xg hkzxg`jkg g vkm hmlm mukxg|zm# zgcui w}m zmg kov|mzjk`hklcm

vg|g mc hmzjm`zi.

Cg jog|g ì mz ghmj}ghg vg|g cg v|mum`jk` i mc x|gxgokm`xi hmc Ogc Ga}hi hm

Oi`xgg cmum {g w}m kovkhm i# gc omìz# m`cm`xmjm cg gjckogxgjk`. ]`g ghmj}ghg

gjckogxgjk` mz zkmov|m omni| w}m mc x|gxgokm`xi# k`jc}{m`hi cg jog|g bkvm|l|kjg

vi|xxkc. Zm hmlm` vcg`mg| }ìz ji||mjxiz vm|ekcmz hm gcxkx}h vg|g ji`zma}k| }`g

gjckogxgjk` ghmj}ghg.

Cg zmj}m`jkg v|ki|kxg|kg hm cgz omhkhgz }|am`xmz g xiog| m` ciz jgziz hm OGO )

MVG ) MJG hmlm|g zm| zkmov|m>

7+ Hmzjm`zi i mugj}gjk` g }`g gcx}|g oz lgng# gc omìz bgzxg cg gcx}|g h`hm mcvgjkm`xm zm zk`xk lkm` g`xm|ki|om`xm.

:/5.:;5

E|mmog` D# Zbgckx O# Zx|ib A. ]zm ie xbm Agoiq Lga l{ MOX/lgzkj vg|d |gàm|z ei| x|mgxom`x ie bkab/gcxkx}hm v}coi`g|{

mhmog g`h bkab/gcxkx}hm jm|ml|gc mhmog. Qkchm|`mzz Mùk|i` Omh.


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8+ X|gxgokm`xi ohkji `kjgom`xm "m` jgzi hm w}m cgz ivjki`mz 7# < { : zmg`kovizklcmz+

Mc x|gxgokm`xi bkvm|l|kji zci hmlm }zg|zm jioi omhkhg hm mom|am`jkg { ì

z}zxkx}{m gc hmzjm`zi i cg mugj}gjk`. Omni|g cgz ji`hkjki`mz hmc vgjkm`xm vi| }`xkmovi { mz mzm`jkgc }zg| mzxg jk|j}`zxg`jkg vg|g v|ijmhm| gc hmzjm`zi i cg mugj}gjk`.

Mc x|gxgokm`xi bkvm|l|kji hmlm ccmug|zm g jgli m` jiolk`gjk` ji` cg omhkjgjk`

ghmj}ghg "hmrgomxgzi`g vg|g jgziz zmum|iz hm OGO)MJG# `kemhkvkì vg|g mc MVG+.

M` mc um|gì hm 7;;8 Bg`z/\}hice Dmccm|# Og|ji Ogaaki|k`k# Vmxm| L|xzjb { Izqgch

Imc~}` ccmug|i` g jgli m` mc Bkab gcxkx}hm \mzmg|jb Cgli|gxi|{ hm Jgvg``g

Og|abm|kxg \mak`g# g 8==; o zil|m mc `kumc hmc og|# }` x|glgni mrvm|kom`xgc m` mc w}m

v|mxm`hkm|i` mugc}g| { jiovg|g| cg mekjgjkg xm|gv}xkjg hm }`g jog|g bkvm|l|kjg

vi|xxkc um|z}z hmrgomxgzi`g m` mc x|gxgokm`xi hmc ogc ga}hi hm oi`xgg. ]xkck~g|i`

}`g o}mzx|g hm mzx}hki hm :7 mzjgcghi|mz ji` z`xiogz hm ogc ga}hi hm oi`xgg g ciz

w}m zm cm gzka` gc g~g| }ì } ix|i x|gxgokm`xi# }`g bi|g hm x|gxgokm`xi m` cg jog|g

bkvm|l|kjg g }`g v|mzk` hm 7;: olg| "ji||mzvi`hkm`xm g }` hmzjm`zi bgzxg


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g}xi|mz ji`jc}{m|i` w}m vg|g }`g mekjgjkg vxkog hm ciz hiz oxihiz zm hmlm

jiolk`g| zk mc hmzjm`zi i cg mugj}gjk` ì zi` vizklcmz:;2.

Mc x|gxgokm`xi ji` omhkjgjk` oz irkamì am`m|gcom`xm hg l}mìz |mz}cxghiz m`

xihiz ciz jgziz hm MVG)MJG mrx|moiz "m` vg|xkj}cg| zk bg{ v|hkhg hm ji`zjkm`jkg+#

vm|i cg jg`xkhgh hm lixmccgz hm iramì am`m|gcom`xm mz ckokxghg# okm`x|gz w}m mc }zi

hm cg jog|g bkvm|l|kjg ì xkm`m cokxm /gvg|xm hm cg m`m|ag b}og`g w}m v|mjkzg/. M`

mc um|gì hm 7;;6 Dgzkj { jicz ccmug|i` g jgli }` mzx}hki v|izvmjxkui m` cg Z`gdm \kum|

Bmgcxb Jck`kj m` Dm{zxi`m# Jici|ghi# g }`g gcxkx}h hm 7


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x|gxghiz ji` }`g jog|g bkvm|l|kjg vi|xxkc zk cg vizkjk` ji|vi|gc mz cg ji||mjxg

"vizkjk` cgxm|gc hm zma}|khgh+.

Mc x|gxgokm`xi ji` iramì { omhkjgjk` mz hm mcmjjk`# mzvmjkgcom`xm m` mc jgzi hm

v|hkhg hm ji`zjkm`jkg "oz ejkc hm |mgck~g| { og{i| ji`x|ic hmc mzxghi hmc vgjkm`xm+#zk lkm`# cg jg`xkhgh hm iramì hkzvi`klcm mzx ckokxghg g ciz |mj}|ziz hm w}m zm

hkzviàg`# okm`x|gz w}m mc }zi hm cg jog|g bkvm|l|kjg zci mzx ckokxghi vi| cg

jgvgjkhgh b}og`g hm liolmg| vg|g kècg|cg.

GZVMJXIZ V\GJXKJIZ

Mc x|gxgokm`xi bkvm|l|kji ilxkm`m omni|gz zka`kekjgxkugz g vg|xk| hm ciz 56/;6ok`}xiz. Zk m` 7


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ixi||kìcg|kàicakjiz m` gcxkx}h zi` bglkx}gcmz+. Zk mc zgji zm hmzbk`jbg

l|}zjgom`xm# mc z}nmxi hmlm mrbgcg|.

/ Jicijg| gc vgjkm`xm hm`x|i hmc zgji. Hmlm kècg|zm cm`xgom`xm cg jog|g {jiov|ilg| w}m mc vgjkm`xm v|mz}|k~g ji||mjxgom`xm ciz ihiz. Zk ì mz gz# kècg|

oz cm`xgom`xm. Zk mc vgjkm`xm |mekm|m v|ilcmogz hm ihi# }zg| }` zv|g{

hmzjiàmzxki`g`xm g`xmz w}m mc vgjkm`xm m`x|m m` cg jog|g "vi| mnmovci# }` zv|g{

ji` rkciomxg~ick`g# Ix|kuk` `ml}ck~ghi| `gzgc 6.7-+# mzvm|g| =/76 ok`}xiz bgzxg

mc k`kjki hmc memjxi hm cg v}cum|k~gjk` { vi`m| mc zv|g{ hm`x|i hm cg jog|g.

/ Mc zgji zm bk`jbg bgzxg w}m cgz ucu}cgz hm zma}|khgh zkclm` { c}mai zm og`xkm`m gcvgjkm`xm g v|mzk` h}|g`xm }`g bi|g gv|irkoghgom`xm.

/ Ag|g`xk~g| }`g xmovm|gx}|g jièi|xglcm. H}|g`xm cg |mjiov|mzk` m` cg jog|g# mcvgjkm`xm xkm`m w}m mzxg| gkzcghi hmc e|i omhkg`xm zgjiz hm hi|ok| { og`xgz. @i

}zg| v|m`hgz hm vc}og vg|g v|ixmam| gc vgjkm`xm hm`x|i hm cg jog|g# hmlkhi g cg

a|g` b}omhgh w}m zm am`m|g m` mccg. Mz v|mem|klcm }zg| |ivg hm ei||i vicg|.

/ Zkx}g| gc vgjkm`xm m` cg jog|g hm oihi w}m v}mhg um|zmcm { w}m zm v}mhgji`x|icg| mc v}czkiromx|i "zk zm hkzvi`m hm c+.

/ M` ciz jgziz a|gumz# zm hmlm jicijg| }`g lixmccg hm iramì hm`x|i hm cg jog|g {ghok`kzx|g| g }` ec}ni hm 8/5 c)ok` "mzxi ì z}vi`m vmcka|i hm k`jm`hki i

mrvcizk`+.

/ V|mz}|k~g| cg jog|g h}|g`xm 56/7


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ji`x|icghiz o}mzx|g`# m` cg og{i|g hm ciz jgziz# }`g |vkhg hkzok`}jk` hm ciz

z`xiogz w}m h}|g }`gz bi|gz. Zk` molg|ai# zk zm vm|og`mjm m` gcxkx}h# cg og{i|g hm

ciz vgjkm`xmz z}e|m` }` |mlixm "|mgvg|kjk` i ga|gugokm`xi hm ciz z`xiogz+

bglkx}gcom`xm m` cgz v|kom|gz 7< bi|gz. Bgzxg cg emjbg# ì mrkzxm` mzx}hkiz ji`x|icghiz

m` jgziz zmum|iz hm MVG { MJG# vm|i ciz hgxiz zil|m mc xm||mì o}mzx|g` l}mìz

|mz}cxghiz k`jc}zi m` jgziz a|gumz.

K@JI@UM@KM@XMZ

7+ Mc k`j|mom`xi hmc JI Xi|mjg` "xkmxkcvm|g~k`g+# a|gamgz i z}vizkxi|kiz

hm 5.= oa|.


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=+ Ciz z}nmxiz ji` MVG ì xicm|g` mc hmjlkxi z}vkì. Zm v}mhm zic}jki`g| mc v|ilcmog

jicijg`hi mc zgji m` }`g vm`hkm`xm# i m` }`g z}vm|ekjkm |akhg { mcmug`hi }ì hm

ciz mrx|moiz bgzxg }` à}ci hm :6.

5+ \kmzai hm e}agz hm gk|m vi| cg ~i`g hm cg j|mogccm|g { cgz ucu}cgz zk mc zgji ì zmccmug { og`mng ji` j}khghi. Zm |mjiokm`hg>

/ Jiov|ilg| cg jog|g g`xmz hm jghg ukgnm./ X|g`zvi|xg| cg jog|g ji` j}khghi { og`mng|cg ghmj}ghgom`xm./ Ccmug| jk`xg vg|g |mvg|gjki`mz./ M` jgzi hm w}m cg jog|g zm hmzkècm hm |mvm`xm vi| gjjkhm`xm# mc vgjkm`xm hmlm

mrbgcg| gk|m { mukxg| |mxm`m| mc gckm`xi.

OIHMCIZ HM JOG\G

7+ AGOIQ "qqq.jbkìidomh.jio+

E}m hkzmghg m` 7;21 vi| mc kàm`km|i w}okji \}zxmo Kai| Agoiq# hm cg

]`kum|zkhgh hm Jici|ghi867. E}m v|ilghi vi| v|kom|g um~ "ji` rkxi+ m` mc Mum|mzx m`

7;22 86


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Eka.))qqq.lg|xcmxx.`mx.g})vgj.vbv+

Hmzg||iccghg vi| hiz gcvk`kzxgz# mc hijxi| Ngomz H}ee { \ihhkm Ogjdm`~km# vg|g cg

mov|mzg g}zx|gckg`g J.M. Lg|xcmxx Vx{. Cxh.

Xkm`m ei|og hm oiokg# jm||g`hi oz cg ~i`g hm jglm~g { biol|iz# { jiovg|glcm gc

Agoiq Lga m` ci`akx}h# vmzi# v|mzk` "< vzk+ { liolmi. J|mogccm|g |ghkgc m` mc xm|jki

v|irkogc hm cg mzx|}x}|g. @i xkm`m omhkhi| hm v|mzk` "bg{ }` liczkcci x|g`zvg|m`xm m`

mc k`xm|ki| hm }` hm cgz um`xg`gz# vg|g w}m v}mhg k`zm|xg| }` gcxomx|i { um|ci hmzhm

e}m|g+. Hkejkc z} }zi zk` cg jicgli|gjk` hmc vgjkm`xm. Vmzg }`iz 2 da. J}mzxg gc|mhmhi|

hm 866 (.

876 E}m`xm> bxxv>))qqq.jm|xmj.m}.jio)m a)oi`x.vbv9jgx?jgkzzi`z


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Eka.:. Oihmci V.G.J.877

8+ XG\ "Xbk` Gk| \mzj}m+/bmcomx "Jgzji XG\+ "bxxv>))qqq.zxg|omhzvg.jio+

G` ì hkzvi`klcm vm|i v}mhm zm| }`g gcxm|`gxkug m` mc e}x}|i. Vmw}mi { ckam|i

hkzvizkxkui "ji` cg liolg k`jc}hg vmzg omìz hm 7 Da+# m` egzm hm hmzg||icci. Zm x|gxg

hm }` jkck`h|i hm vickuk`kci x|g`zvg|m`xm w}m zm og`xkm`m omhkg`xm }` g`kcci |akhi {

ekni m` cg vg|xm kèm|ki| { hiz g|`mzmz j|}~ghiz z}nmxiz g mzxm g`kcci |akhi vi| hmcg`xm {

hmx|z# { j}{g vg|xm kèm|ki| mzx |ihmghg vi| }`g omol|g`g x|g`zvg|m`xm { cgrg w}m

j}l|m mc j}mcci m` ei|og hm jiccg|87 "k+ bxxv>))lcia.aii.`m.nv)vi|xgcmham)j)emljh16


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Eka.8. XG\ "Xbk` Gk| \mzj}m+/bmcomx87:

Hghi w}m g` ì bg{ z}ekjkm`xmz hgxiz hkzvi`klcmz# g}`w}m cgz v|kom|gz

mrvm|km`jkgz zi` o}{ vizkxkugz878# cg Jiokzk` Ohkjg hm cg ]KGG bg hmjkhkhi mzvm|g|

g`xmz hm k`jc}k| }`g |mjiom`hgjk` zil|m mzxm zkzxmog87=.

=+ JVGV Z{zxmoz

Mc zkzxmog JVGV mz }` xkvi hm zkzxmog hm um`xkcgjk` omj`kjg ì kùgzkug m` cg w}m

zm gvckjg }` `kumc hm v|mzk` ji`xk`}i h}|g`xm xihi mc jkjci |mzvk|gxi|ki. Ciz JVGV

vi|xxkcmz vg|mjm` mzxg| m`ji`x|g`hi z} b}mji m` cg omhkjk`g hm gcxg oi`xgg# g}`w}m

hm oiom`xi g `kumc mrvm|kom`xgc. M` cg gjx}gckhgh hiz zi` ciz jgoviz hm mzx}hki> m`

87:E}m`xm> bxxv>))qqq.lm|azxmkam`.gx)hm)zbiq7.gzvr9G|x?7%KH?2


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mc x|gxgokm`xi hmc mhmog v}coi`g| hm a|g` gcxkx}h875 { jioi zkzxmog z}vcmom`xg|ki

h}|g`xm mc z}mi vg|g cg v|mum`jk` hm hkjbg vgxiciag871.

\MGZJM@ZI

Hmzv}z hm gca}ìz hgz hm |mj}vm|gjk` jiovcmxg zm v}mhm k`xm`xg| }` j}khghizi

|mgzjm`zi>

/ Zm| mzx|kjxi m` ji`zma}k| }`g ji||mjxg gjckogxgjk`. Ciz vm|ekcmz hm gcx}|gz hmlm`zm| oz hmem`zkuiz w}m m` mc gzjm`zi v|muki.

/ Ukakcg j}gcw}km| z`xiog hmlkhi g cg gcxkx}h. Zk |mgvg|mjm` z`xiogz zm hmlmhmzjm`hm| kòmhkgxgom`xm bgzxg cg cxkog gcx}|g h`hm zm m`ji`x| vm|emjxgom`xm

lkm`.

/ @i uicum| g gzjm`hm| okm`x|gz zm mzx xiog`hi omhkjgom`xiz w}m v}mhg`mògzjg|g| ciz z`xiogz hm mèm|omhgh hmlkhi g cg gcxkx}h.

Zgk`x/Am|ugkz/cmz/Lgk`z# n}`ki

¡¡oxigeno!!. dr.a. benjumeda maira

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