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w s}UQD pY=L |=ywQ}v |=Q@ CUWv =@ Q_=vDt Q=Owtv '`tW |xQ=OH w lwv 'QU Q=@2 45 `tW xm CU= Qt= u}= Qou=}@ xrY=L |xH}Dv "CU= xOW u}}aD |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_
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xtOkt "1CU= xvwou}= x@ Q=m |xwLv "CU= xOW xO=iDU= Cw=iDt |rN=O l =m]Y= |x} w=R =@w xv=OR} QxU=t |m} xm 'l =N wv wO uwQO w 1GvUwQ}v x=oDUO |wQ Q@ =y`tW xmx@ xm 'R}D |=yxWwo =@ xv=OCWQOxU=t |Qo}O w OR} |O=@xU=t x@ hwQat 'xWwoOQoQ=Qk |Q=PoQ=@ CLD =y`tW TBU "Ov=xDiQo Q=Qk 'CU= xOW O}rwD |awvYt VwQ|Q}oxR=Ov= 'CW=O Q=Qk `tW QU |q=@ QO xm 'G}o R= xO=iDU= =@ CUWv u=R}t w xDiQoGvUwQ}v x=oDUO R= xO=iDU= =@ `tW lwv x@ xDi=}p=kDv= |wQ}v u}vJty "CU=xOW
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"CU= xOW x�=Q= 1 pwOH QO =yu;|Ov@xv=O "CU= xOW x�=Q= V}=tR; OQwt |=yl =N C=YNWt '2 pwOH QOQO 'CU= xOt; CUOx@ |Ov@xv=O V}=tR; R= xO=iDU= =@ xm V}=tR; OQwt |=yl =N"CU= xOW x�=Q=l =N wv wO Q} wYD 4pmWQOu}vJty "CU= xOWxO=Ou=Wv 3pmW'(ASTM D1883�87)OQ=Ov=DU=|xQ=tW =@CBR '=}vQi}r=m|Q@ Q=@V}=tR; =@
?U=vt |Q}PBCUWv =} w |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ Q_v R= |L]U |=y|B xm|DQwY QO"CU= �=y`tW� j}ta |=y|B R= xO=iDU= u} Ro}=H |xv} Ro 'OvW=@v
pta QO �|QwWvt w |}xv=wDU=� pw] QO C@=F `]kt =@ |=y`tW R= xO=iDU==yu; OQwt QO OwHwt QDtm C=ar=]t Cra x@ |]wQNt |=y`tW "OQ=O |v=w=Qi OQ@ Q=mw =y|UQQ@ "Ov=xDiQo Q=Qk xO=iDU= OQwt QDtm '?U=vt Q=}at uOw@v|i=m u}vJty w|]wQNt |=y`tW |@Uv |QDQ@ R= |m =L 'CU= xDiQ}PB CQwY uwvm =D xm |D=ar=]tu}DUNv 1998 |r= 1963 |=yp=U QO "CU= |}xv=wDU= |=y`tW x@ C@UvQ@ C=ar=]t ,=twta =yv; R= Oa@ [4�1]Ov=xDN=OQB xar=]t x@ xv}tR u}= QO u=QoWywSBp=Ft |=Q@ "CU= xOW s=Hv= \w@ Qt |=yQ=Ri=sQv R= xO=iDU= =@ w |OOa |=ypOt |wQxDN=OQB xv}tR u}= QO xar=]t x@ |y=oW}=tR; CQwYx@ 1385 p=U QO |QoWywSBu; CUWv w `tW |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ |UQQ@ x@ \ki OwN V}=tR; QO |w [5]"CU=`tW |oOW\wQNt Q}F-=D |UQQ@ x@ 2011 p=U QO R}v |v=QoWywSB "CU= xDN=OQB|}xU=t l =N wv 2 QO `tW wv 4 x@ OQ=w |wQ}v |UQQ@ x@ w `tW uwt=Q}B l =N QO
[7w6]"Ov=xDN=OQB |y=oW}=tR; CQwYx@l =N xvwtv wO w hrDNt |]wQNt |=yx} w=R =@ `tW xvwtv 4 R= xar=]t u}= QO
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1 636 60 100 700 34 25 5 xHQO 12 450 50 110 700 34 25 5 xHQO 23 270 40 120 700 34 25 5 xHQO 3
"V}=tR; OQwt |=yl =N C=YNWt "2 pwOH|tHL sQH l =m]Y= |x}w=R |wQ}v ?} Q[ ?} Q[ wv wv\UwDt |rN=O |oOv@UJ |DN=wvm} |Ov@xv=O |Ov@xv=O xU=t(gr/cm3) �xHQO� (KN)
1 851 33 5 0 3 44 0 96 SP |O=@1 746 45 5 0 1 57 0 97 SP xDUmW
"V}=tR; OQwt |=yl =N |Ov@xv=O Q=Owtv "3 pmW
"V}=tR; OQwt |=yl =N "4 pmW
V}=tR; OQwt |=yxU=t |v=UWm pwOt '1 |x]@=Q R= xO=iDU= =@ w xOt;CUOx@ l =N"CU= xOWu}}aDV}=tR;u}ty =@ R}v xv}W}@|tHLsQHu}vJty [8]'CU= xOWu}}aDE = 22 4 CBR0 5 (1)
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V}=tR; G}=Dv "43 |r= 2 `tW Qy |wQ Q@ xOWs=Hv= |=y|Q=PoQ=@ 'V}=tR; QO CkO uOQ@q=@ |=Q@QO "CU= xOW xDWwv =yV}=tR; R= OQwt Qy |xH}Dv '|Q}ou}ov=}t =@ w Q=QmD Q=@Qy QO u; =@ Q_=vDt CUWv w `tW QU x@ xOQ=w wQ}v |=yQ=Owtv 10 w 9 |=ypmW
"CU= xOW xO=O u=Wv `tW'|QwLt|m}D=DU= Q=@CLD =y`tW |Q@ Q=@C}iQ_ u}}aD |=Q@|}=yVwQ uwvm =DOyO|t u=Wv Tw}vri |=y|UQQ@ xm 'CU= xOW KQ] CUWv � wQ}v Q=Owtv |wQ R=u}= [10w9]"Ov=xDiQo Q=Qk xO=iDU= OQwt =yVwQ Q}=U R= QDW}@ =yv; R= OQwt OvJ xm
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[5]"OwW|t QDtm u; |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ u; `@D x@ w QDW}@ R}v u; CUWvR=@ 'OyO|t u=Wv OwN R= =Q |Dr=L u}vJ u}= xHQO 3 `tW xmv}= Q@ xwqa |rw'Ovm|t Ci=} QO OwN x@=Wt |}xv=wDU= `tW R= |QDW}@ Q=Okt |r@k Q=Owtv QO syCw=iD u}= =@ 'OQm Q}UiD xHQO 2 w 1 `tW Q=DiQ Ovv=ty R}v =Q Cr=L u}= u=wD|t xm
"OQ=Po|t `tW lwv |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ QO |ivt Q}F-=D uOW|}xwo QF= =Hv}= QO xmCUOx@ u; =@ Q_=vDt CUWv T=U=Q@ xm 'xQ=OH |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ VN@ u}= QO
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|=y`tW |=Q@ `tW lwv |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ l} Qw�D \@=wQ xmv}= x@ xHwD =@`HQt Cr=L u=wvax@ |}xv=wDU= `tW |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ =Pr 'CU= xOW KQ] |}xv=wDU=C}iQ_ QO |oOW\wQNt QF= |UQQ@ Qw_vt x@ u}vJty "CU= xOW xDiQo Q_v QO|}xv=wDU= `tW |=Q@ l} Qw�D \@=wQ R= pY=L |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ '=y`tW lwv |Q@ Q=@OOa TBU "CU= xOW s}UkD |y=oW}=tR; Cr=L QO u; Q_=vDt |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ Q@=D CU= xOW s}UkD =yCr=L Q}=U \@=wQ R= pY=L |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ Q@ xOt;CUOx@"CU= xOW xO=O u=Wv QwmPt C=}rta 9 pwOH QO "O}; CUOx@ =yu; hqDN= u=R}tx=oW}=tR; G}=Dv x@ xOWp}O@D Cr=L s}UkD =@ w 11 w 10 |=ypwOH x@ xHwD =@11 pwOH QO "OQ@ |B `tW lwv |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ QO |]wQNt |x} w=R Q}F-=D x@ u=wD|t
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"Ovm|t Vy=m x@ wQW u; R= Oa@ w Ovm|tl =N wO Qy QO xm Ci=} CUO xDmv u}= x@ u=wD|t Q=Owtv j}kO |UQQ@ =@ ��u; R= Oa@ |rw 'OQ=O V}=Ri= OvwQ xHQO 2 `tW =D |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ V}=Ri= ?}WQO w QDtm |O=@xU=t QO OvwQ u}= xm 'OQ}o|t OwN x@ |Wy=m OvwQ ?}W u}=
"CU= xDiQ}PB CQwY |QDW}@ COW =@ xDUmWxU=tuOw@|}xwo QF= p}rO x@ u=wD|t =Q xHQO 2 `tW R= Oa@ Q=Owtv ?}W Vy=m Cra ��
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%Ci=} CUO G}=Dv u}= x@ u=wD|t V}=tR; R= pY=Ll =m]Y= |x} w=R =@ |O=@xU=t QO xDiQoQ=Qk |]wQNt |=y`tW |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ �uwiOt sHL xm CU= OwN |}xv=wDU= wv |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ R= QDtm xHQO 34OwyWt |]wQNt |x} w=R V}=Ri= =@ |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ Vy=m u}= w 'OQ=O u=Um}
"CU=l =m]Y= |x} w=R =@ xDUmWxU=t QO xDiQoQ=Qk|]wQNt |=y`tW |Q@ Q=@C}iQ_ �|}xv=wDU= wv R= QDW}@ xHQO 2 45 w 1 63 |]wQNt |=yx} w=R QO xHQO 45wv R= `tW |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ xHQO 3 27 `tW QO w CU= u=Um} uwiOt sHL =@
"CU= QDtm xOWO=} |}xv=wDU=Qo}O `=wv= =@ xU}=kt QO lwv lJwm CL=Ut uDW=O p}rO x@ xHQO 3 27 `tW �pt=m \wQNt uwJty |Dr=L xm CU= xOW ?Hwt V}=tR; QO OwHwt |=y`tWCUWv p}rO u}ty x@ 'OwQ|t wQi l =N QO xwo Ovv=ty xH}Dv QO 'OW=@ xDW=O
"xU=t QO 3 27 |]wQNt |x}w=R =@ `tW Q=DiQ V}=tv "19 pmW"xDUmWxU=t QO =y`tW �sQowr}m � |xQ=OH |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ "13 pwOH
|}xv=wDU= xHQO 1 xHQO 2 xHQO 3 VwQ472 534 556 561 Q=Hvr=236 359 481 302 x=oW}=tR;
0 500 0 672 0 865 0 538 C@Uv
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260 337 349 354 Q=Hvr=101 147 168 175 x=oW}=tR;
0 389 0 436 0 481 0 494 C@Uv
xm 'Q=Hvr= \UwD xOWx�=Q= pwtQi R= pY=L |xQ=OH |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ =@ 'CU= xOt;[4]"CU= xOW xU}=kt 'CU= xOW KQ]t |y=oW}=tR; \}Lt QO =y`tW |=Q@
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"CU= `tW u}ov=}t Q]k rm R}v w uwU=wB ?} Q[ � w `tWu}@ |O=@xU=t QO xQ=OH |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ |xU}=kt x@ 14 w 13 |=ypwOH QO
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"O@=}|t V}=Ri= |ivt Cr=L QO xJV}=Ri= u}= w O@=}|t V}=Ri= |]wQNt |x} w=R V}=Ri= =@ xQ=OH |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ �R}v xQ=OH |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ 'CU= l =N |rN=O l =m]Y= |x} w=R `@=D COW x@xHQO 2 45 =D |]wQNt |x} w=R V}=Ri= =@ `tW lwv |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ Ovv=ty�|ivt QakD� OwW|t |DU=m Q=JO Q=Owtv ?}W u; R= Oa@ w OQ=O |W}=Ri= Cr=L|x} w=R xJ Qy xm 'CU= l =N |rN=O l =m]Y= |x} w=R `@=D ?}W Q}}eD u}= wQO xJ w C@Ft QakD QO xJ |vLvt ?}W 'OW=@ QDW}@ l =N |rN=O l =m]Y=
"O@=}|t V}=Ri= |ivt QakD
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|}xv=wDU= wv =@ xU}=kt QO =yxU=t QO |]wQNt |=y`tW lwv |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ �=@ Vy=m u}= w CU= QDtm 'OQ=O u=Um} Q]k u}ov=}t w u=Um} sHL xm OwN|]wQNt |x} w=R V}=Ri= =@ |va} 'OQ=O s}kDUt |x]@=Q |]wQNt |x} w=R V}=Ri=
"CU= xOW QDtm `tW lwv |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_C}iQ_ xQ=wty 'hrDNt |]wQNt |=yx} w=R w u=Um} lwv CL=Ut =@ |=y`tW �u=Um} uwiOt sHL Qo = =t= 'OvQ=O OwN|}xv=wDU= |xvwtv x@C@Uv |QDq=@ |Q@ Q=@|x} w=R QO 'OW=@ |}xv=wDU= |xvwtv R= QDlJwm |]wQNt `tW lwv Q]k w OW=@QDtm |]wQNt |x} w=R V}=Ri= =@ |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ xHQO 33 4 |rN=O l =m]Y=|x} w=R =D |Q@ Q=@ C}iQ_ xHQO 45 6 l =m]Y= |x} w=R QO |rw 'CU= xOW"CU= xDiQo OwN x@ |Wy=m OvwQ u; R= Oa@ w xDi=} V}=Ri= xHQO 2 45 |]wQNt
=yCWwv=B1. loadcell2. Divisson o�set limit3. Mazurkiewics4. Nordland- Butler & Hoy5. Hansen ultimate load6. Chin- Kondner7. De Beer8. Shen & Niu Maximum curvature
�References� `@=vt1. Nourland, R.L. \Bearing capacity of piles cohesionliess
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5. Ghasemi, M. \Experimental investigation of bearing ca-pacity of nonprismatic piles in sand", Thesis of MSc.Civil Engineering, Soil & Foundation Mechanic, YazdUniversity (2006).
6. Manandhar, S. and Yasufuku, N. \End bearing capacityof tapered piles in sands using cavity expansion theory",End Bearing Capacity of Tapered Piles in Sands UsingCavity Expansion Theory, No. 4, pp.77-99 (2011).
7. Manandhar, S. and Yasufuku, N. \Evaluation of skinfriction of tapered piles in sands based on cavity ex-pansion theory", Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering,Kyushu University, 71(4), pp.101-126 (2011).
8. Putri, E.E., Kameswara Rao, N.S.V. and Mannan, M.A.\Evaluation of modulus of elasticity and modulus of sub-grade reaction of soils using CBR test", Journal of CivilEngineering Research, 2(1), pp. 34-40 (2012).
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