overview—research status
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Next-Generation Power Management User Interface for Office Equipment
Power Management ControlsProject Update, October 30 2001
Bruce Nordman, Alan MeierLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
[email protected]://eetd.LBL.gov/Controls
sponsor: California Energy CommissionPublic Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Overview—Research Status• Controls Introduction• Project Rationale• Overall Plan• Specific Plan and Results• General Discussion
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Standard Controls
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Cars: Gearshifts
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Phones: Number Layout
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Traffic Signs, Indicators
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Non-standard Controls: Blenders
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Non-Standard ControlsCell Phones
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Office Equipment Power Management Terms
On, Ready, Active, Idle, Standby*, Doze,
Suspend, Sleep, Deep Sleep, Low-Power,
Energy-Saver, Power-Saver, Hibernate,
Energy Star Mode, Weekly Timer, Delay
Timer, Idle Timer, Activity, Inactivity,
Auto-off, Soft-off, Off.
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Office Equipment: What Works
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
• Suspend mode is known as standby mode under the Microsoft Windows 98 operating system. For systems with ACPI compliance, suspend mode is known as sleep mode” (Dell)
• stand-by mode” — Fully ready to copy but not copying. (ASTM Copier Test Procedure)• “Stand-By — … an optional operating state of minimal power reduction …” (VESA Standard)
• “Standby power — The lowest power mode in which the appliance is plugged in …” (LBNL-Leaking/Standby Electricity)
• “Standby is … the lowest power state where the system is responsive to interrupts …” (PowerPC Reference Platform)
• "Suspend is currently ignored under Windows 95/98 and Windows 2000 because the terminology is ill-defined. “ (Microsoft)
• There is no distinction between Suspend and Standby in OnNow as there was previously under APM definitions" (Microsoft)
Office Equipment:The “Standby” Problem
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
What Doesn’t Work:PC Indicators
Sleep mode Awake
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Existing ISO/IEC Symbols
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Problem• Existing Power Management Controls are:
– Hidden, Confusing, Absent
• Power Management Enabling Rates Low• Lots of Wasted Energy• Poor User Image of Energy Efficiency,
Product Quality
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Solution• Create broadly similar interfaces for power / power
management control across all office equipment and consumer electronics
• Accomplish this by creating a voluntary standard for interface elements
• Institutionalize the standard through international standards, industry standards, and marketing to industry
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
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SynopsisGoal:
To save energy, increase enabling rates of existing power management capability in office equipment.
Method: Make power management more consistent and intuitive to users across all office equipment (via a voluntary standard).
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Office Equipment Energy UseAnnual Electricity (TWh/year)
No Power Management
Now (ENERGY STAR)
Potential(100% Enabling) 48.8
65.5
92.6
0 20 40 60 80 100
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Energy Savings (U.S.) TWh/year $billion/year
Existing 27.1 2.2Potential 16.7 1.3
Current Power Mgmt. Enabling Rates:PCs: 25% Monitors: 60%Printers: 80% Copiers: 70%
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Overall Plan• Existing Devices / Interfaces
• Develop New Standards (Voluntary)
• Market These to Institutions– Manufacturers (PAC)– International Standards Organizations– Industry Institutions
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Professional Advisory Committee (PAC)
Provides project with Guidance, Review, Credibility
• Compaq• Hewlett-Packard• IBM• Intel• Microsoft• Ricoh
• Samsung• Sony• Sun
• ITIC• ENERGY STAR
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Specific Plan• Institutional Review
• Literature Review
• 22 Topics
• “Hard” Interface - Static
• Device Behavior - Dynamic
• Other Topics
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Institutional Review“Who is Involved in Power Management Controls”
• Standards / Standards Committees (ISO/IEC)– Graphical Symbols for Use on Equipment– Indicator Lights– Others
• Labeling Programs (e.g. ENERGY STAR)• Trade Associations (e.g. ITIC)• Manufacturers• Technology Initiatives / Protocols
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Literature Insights• Project Rationale• Existing Designs• Approach• Design Principles• Metaphor• Modes
General UI Lit. — not specific to power controls
• Interactions / Transitions
• Indicator Lights• Icons• Norman / Macintosh
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Topics: High Priority, #1• Basic symbols and switches & buttons
• Basic indicators
• Changing power states
• Transition indicators
• Underlying archetype of power management behavior, including basic terms
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Topics: High Priority, #2• Controlled and controlling devices• Remote indicators and controls• Composite devices and diversity of low-power modes• Power management ‘schemes’• Behavior based on wake event type• Linked behavior• Interactions with non-power modes
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Topics: Medium / Low Priority
• Disability• Culture• Temporary changes• System status after
power failure• Terminology
• Language• Batteries• Role of the term
“ENERGY STAR”• Self-monitoring• Miscellaneous
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
“Hard” Interface Elements
• Terms• Symbols/Icons • Indicators• Operating Metaphors
Scope: Office Equipment (& Consumer Electronics)
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Initial Recommendations• Three basic power states: On, Off, Sleep
• “Power” term (switch / indicator)
• Change the international standard symbols for on/off, standby, and sleep
• Green / Amber / Off for power indicators
• Sleep metaphor (and moon)
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Three Basic States
On, Off, Sleep
• Within a state, device has consistent capability, behavior (e.g. state change)
• May have more states, but all mapped into forms of the basic three
• “Hibernate” problematic, but tentatively a form of Off
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
The Term “Power”• For indicators, switches/buttons
• Need standard translation
• Possible “international word” (voice)
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Power Symbols• Drop as a symbol.
• Change meaning of from “Standby” to “Power”
• and too similar.
• Recommendation is most consistent with current usage on products.
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Indicators• Use Green / Amber / Off for On / Sleep / Off
• Blinking only for transitions or non-power meanings
• Possible standard (optional) audio indications
• Cyberspace?
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Sleep - Metaphor and Symbol
• “Sleep” is most compelling metaphor, and has clear extensions (e.g. “waking up”).
• is already common and seems clear
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
PC Sample State Diagram
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Device Behavior(Dynamic)
• Taxonomy of device types
• User expectations
• Device feedback
• Consistency
• Remote controls, indicators
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
General Discussion• Process
• Recommendations
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Budget• Project is on budget
– Slightly under budget at constant expenditure rate …
– ... but future time, travel will increase rate
• Project will be completed within budget
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0
9,73617,569
47,844
68,822
91,798
105,304
118,130
129,251
139,028
156,342
167,763176,830
186,919
198,286204,735
0
188500
203000
217500
232000
35,637
159500
101500
130500
116000
145000
174000
87000
72500
58000
43500
29000
14500
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S
Actual CostsPlanned Costs
Power Management ControlsProject Expenses throughSeptember, 2001
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Schedule• Project is on schedule
– All deliverables and milestones done
• Project will be completed on schedule
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Deliverables & Milestones• All deliverables due to date have been delivered
– Kickoff Meeting, Institutional Review Research Findings Report, PAC members recommended and confirmed, Updated Project Plan, PAC meeting summary, Revised Project Plan, Critical Project Review
• Additional products/activities– Web-based outreach material, poster, literature review,
tentative recommendations, approaching international standards committees, initial work with Microsoft, Ease of Use Roundtable
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Scope• Project is meeting original contract goals
and intent
• No changes are required
• Project principles should be extended to lighting, real-time price controls, and “smart” appliances
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Miscellaneous• Can we assume this is the Critical Project
Review meeting originally scheduled for July, 2002?
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Power Management Controls and Indicators
Anything Else?