overview on energy security and its strategy in thailand
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Overview on Energy Security Overview on Energy Security and its Strategy in Thailandand its Strategy in Thailand
• National Energy Policy
• Thailand’s Energy Situation
• Strategies to Enhance Energy Security Efficient Supply Management
Natural Gas/ Oil/ Power Diversification of Energy Types & Supply
Sources Fuel Diversification in Power Generation
Promotion of Renewable Energy & Energy Conservation
Energy Efficiency Improvement Consideration on Nuclear Power
OverviewOverview
1. Intensify Energy Development for Greater Self-reliance expediting more investment in E&P of energy within the country, in JDAs and from neighboring countries.
2. Set the Policy on Alternative Energy as a National Agenda by encouraging production and use of alternative energy, particularly biofuels and biomass, to enhance energy security; encouraging production & use of RE at the community level; expediting greater use of NG in the transportation sector; and promoting R&D of all forms of RE.
3. Supervise & Maintain Energy Prices at appropriate, stable & affordable levels by setting appropriate price structure; managing prices through market mechanism and Oil Fund; and encouraging competition and investment in energy business.
4. Promote Serious and Continuous Energy Conservation and Efficiency
in the household, industrial, service & transportation sectors.
5. Promote Energy Production & Consumption concurrently with Environmental Conservation giving importance to tackling of global warming by promoting CDM projects.
National Energy PolicyNational Energy Policy
Final Commercial Energy Consumption
2.6
11,833
1,013
6,825
4,361
31,471
55,503
2008Growth Rate (% )
2009(Jan-Jul)200720062005
4.5
-28.9
15.8
24.5
2.2
4.4
2007
1.6
-1.7
21.8
18.4
-3.3
1.8
2008
4.5
-32.1
19.4
7.1
-2.5
0.0
2006
-4.2
-9.4
-6.4
15.9
-0.7
-1.1
2009(Jan-Jul)
-6.0(Jan-Jun)
4.85.04.5GDP (% )
6,74011,64911,14510,664Electricity
6001,0301,4492,135Lignite
3,8325,6054,8394,054Coal
2,9093,6832,9592,763Natural Gas
18,66132,53431,82332,621Oil
32,74254,50152,21552,237Consumption
Unit: ktoe
Expenditure on Final Energy Consumption Unit: Billion Baht
1,445.6
97.1
19.0
28.9
385.1
915.5
2006
869.8
60.0
16.8
25.1
244.9
523.1
2009
1,036.6
61.4
17.3
29.4
232.8
695.7
2008
Jan-Jul
1,673.1
104.0
30.9
53.9
394.5
1,089.7
2008
-16.111.04.31,507.1Total
-2.21.95.1102.1Renewable Energy
-3.030.224.923.8Lignite/ Coal
-14.653.421.635.1Natural Gas
5.21.01.5390.7Electricity
-24.814.14.4955.4Petroleum Products
2009Jan-Jul20082007
Growth Rate (% )
2007Energy Type
Thailand’s Consumption and its Expenditure on Final EnergyThailand’s Consumption and its Expenditure on Final Energy
Value of Energy ImportUnit: Billion Baht
880.1
7.4
29.7
78.9
48.3
715.8
2007
736.7
2.6
20.5
45.7
22.4
645.5
2008
1,158.8
4.5
36.5
88.4
26.7
1,002.7
2008
-45.031.7-4.5405.4921.2786.0Total
-30.5-38.8-10.61.88.37.1Electricity
2.622.956.921.018.915.4Coal
9.912.11.450.277.862.8Natural Gas
-55.8-44.6-22.59.962.455.7Petroleum Products
-50.140.1-5.0322.4753.8644.9Crude Oil
2009Jan-Jul
200820072009
Growth Rate (% )Jan – Jul20062005EnergyType
In 2008:
Value of imported energy : total import = 19.5%
Value of imported energy : GDP = 13%
Import/Consumption = 58%
Value of Energy ImportValue of Energy ImportValue of Energy ImportValue of Energy Import
Installed Generating Capacity
by source of supply
Share of Power Generation
by Fuel Type
Power Generation Power Generation (status @ May 2009)(status @ May 2009)
EGAT, 13,615 MW (48%)
IPP 12,151 MW (43%)
Import & Exchange 640 MW (2%)
SPP 2,073 MW (7%)
Total: 28,482 MW
Oil,0.1%
Natural Gas,
70%
Hydro,6%
Coal & Lignite,
21%
Import & Others, 3%
ThailandThailand’’s Strategies to Enhance Energy Securitys Strategies to Enhance Energy Security
• Efficient supply management of conventional fuel
– Natural Gas Supply Management
– Oil Supply Management
– Power Supply Management
• to diversify energy types and supply sources
– Fuel diversification in power generation
• Promotion of Alternative/Renewable Energy
• Energy efficiency improvement
• Consideration on Nuclear Energy
Natural Gas Supply ManagementNatural Gas Supply Management
Natural Gas Demand
– In Thailand, NG utilization is promoted, particularly in power generation and transport sectors, to replace petroleum products such as fuel oil, diesel and gasoline.
– Since the world oil prices have increased during recent years, more industries have switched to use NG instead of oil.
– Based on PDP 2007, NG demand during 2007-2011 is projected to increase by an average of 6% per year for power generation.
– If included industry and transport demand, NG demand will grow at an average of 10% per year.
Natural Gas Supply ManagementNatural Gas Supply Management
Natural Gas Supply
– Total supply of NG (Jul 2009) was 3,670 million cubic feet per day (MMSCFD), 1.6% increase from the same period in 2008. 2,944 MMSCFD (80%) produced in Thailand. 727 MMSCFD (20%) imported from Myanmar .
– It is expected that NG production will increase 5400to about , MM SCFDin2 0 1 2 andabout7 ,4 4 0 MMSCFDin2 0 2 1 .
– Support PTTEP to be the arm of the government in petroleum resource development, particularly at the international level.
– Encourage Thai energy operators to joint venture in energy projects overseas.
Oil Supply ManagementOil Supply Management
• Oil demand is projected to increase at an average growth rate of 2.83% during 2007-2021.
• Oil remains to be the major fuel of the country in spite of promotion of energy conservation and greater use of NG.
• Oil remains the major fuel in the transport sector.
Type200
6
200
7
201
1
20
16
20
21
CAGR %
20
07
2007
-112012
-16-2017
21
-2007
21
LPG* 5,074 5,812 7,348 9,68812,473
14.5 7.9 5.68 5.2 6.26
Gasoline** 7,125 7,337 8,157 9,43810,929
1.7 2.54 5.68 5.20 2.83
Jet & Kerosene
4,538 4,950 4,577 5,796 7,337 9.1 0.42 4.84 4.84 3.37
Diesel** 18,371 18,710 19,63023,027
27,315
1.8 1.40 3.24 3.48 2.71
Fuel Oil 5,851 4,222 3,341 3,266 4,063-27.9
-8.88 0.10 4.48 -1.43
Total 41,050 41,030 43,05251,215
62,117
0.0 1.00 3.56 3.94 2.83
Projection of Oil Demand up to 2021Projection of Oil Demand up to 2021 Unit: M. Litres
* Excluding demand in petrochemicals** Replacement by NGV already deducted
Use of Refining Capacity
Refinery Refining Cap. (KBD)
Refinery
Intake (KBD)*
% of Refining Cap. Use
Thai Oil 270 272 101
Bangchak 120 90 75
ESSO 160 144 90
IRPC (former TPI)
215 135 63
PTT Aromatics & Refining(former RRC)
145 140 97
SPRC 145 155 107
RPC 17 10 59
Total 1,072 946 88
* Data of Jan-Jun 2009
270
120
160
215
145
14517
Thailand Refining Capacity Total 1,072 KBD (@ Jun 09)
PTTAR
SPRC RPC
Thai Oil
Bangchak
IRPC
ESSO
• Total domestic refining capacity is sufficient to serve demand in long term.
Oil Supply ManagementOil Supply Management
At present, about 80% of crude oil import is from the Middle East. As Thailand does not have much potential for new crude oil resources, to meet the increasing demand in the future, we have to:
Expand full trading activities with global network, by:Building purchasing power by alliance among buyers Increase supply sources/markets
Accelerate alternative energy development, e.g. NG and biofuels, to reduce oil consumption.
Encourage Thai operators to invest or joint venture in energy project development overseas, e.g. Oman, Iran.
Oil Supply ManagementOil Supply Management
Power Supply ManagementPower Supply Management
Review the Power Development Plan (PDP) every 6 months to be in
line with the changing demand situation Maintain the reserve margin to be no less than 15% Diversify fuel types in power generation:
Give importance to SPPs and VSPPs using renewable energy as fuel
Study the feasibility of nuclear power generation. Promote Clean Coal Technology for coal-fired power generation
International cooperation in power development projects: Power purchase from LPDR, Myanmar, China,
Cambodia and Malaysia
Status of Power Generation from Renewable Energy and Potential & Target in 2011Status of Power Generation from Renewable Energy and Potential & Target in 2011
Fuel Diversification in Power GenerationFuel Diversification in Power Generation
Existing 5 MW Target 78 MWPotential 400 MW
Existing 1 MWTarget Target 115 MWPotential 1,600 MW
Existing 46 MWTarget Target 60 MWPotential 190 MW
Existing 32 MWTargetTarget 55 MWPotential 50,000 MW
Existing 1,610 MWTarget Target 2,800 MWPotential 4,400 MW
Existing 56 MWTarget Target 165 MWPotential 700 MW
BiomassBiomass WindWind
BiogasBiogas
HydroHydro
Solar PVSolar PV MSWMSW
(Data as at Jan2009)
- Wind farm in southernThailand
- Sugarcane industry, etc.- Biomass power plants- Community power plants
Biogas from livestock farms and agro, palm industry
- Mini Hydro and Micro Hydro
- Bangkok 9,000 tons/day- Municipality 6,300 tons/day- Industry 1,000 tons/day
- Urban areas- Solar homes- His Majesty’s projects- 0.1% of installation areas
- Currently, Thailand’s power generation depends heavily on natural gas as fuel.
- Efforts are being made to boost greater use of renewable energy as fuel.
Share of Power Generation by Fuel Type (@ May 2009) Oil,0.1%
Natural Gas,
70%
Hydro,6%Coal &
Lignite, 21%
Import & Others,
3%
7.6%
Target 5,608 MWExisting 1,750 MW
Adder 3,858 MW-Small Hydro/ Wind/ Solar-Biomass/ Biogas/ MSw/-Hydrogen
Target 7,433 ktoeExisting 3,007 Ktoe
2011
15.6%
2.4%
EthanolTarget 9.0 Mil. lites/ DayExisting 1.24 Mil. lites/ Day
BiodieselTarget 4.5 Mil. lites/ DayExisting 1.56 Mil. lites/ Day
HydrogenTarget 0.1 Mil. Kilograms
4.1%
Power
Thermal
Biofuels
2022
20.3%
2008
6.4%
CDM
NGVTarget 690 mmscfd
(6,090 ktoe)Existing 108.1 mmscfd
6.2%
19.1%
2016
Total RE output 19,800 ktoe/ yrReduce Import 461,800 mil.Baht/ yr
Reduce GHG by 42 mil ton/ yr
Ince
ntiv
e M
easu
res
R&D
Adder cost
ESCO VentureCapital
BOI
7.6%
Target 5,608 MWExisting 1,750 MW
Adder 3,858 MW-Small Hydro/ Wind/ Solar-Biomass/ Biogas/ MSw/-Hydrogen
Target 7,433 ktoeExisting 3,007 Ktoe
2011
15.6%
2.4%
EthanolTarget 9.0 Mil. lites/ DayExisting 1.24 Mil. lites/ Day
BiodieselTarget 4.5 Mil. lites/ DayExisting 1.56 Mil. lites/ Day
HydrogenTarget 0.1 Mil. Kilograms
4.1%
Power
Thermal
Biofuels
2022
20.3%
2008
6.4%
CDM
NGVTarget 690 mmscfd
(6,090 ktoe)Existing 108.1 mmscfd
6.2%
19.1%
2016
Total RE output 19,800 ktoe/ yrReduce Import 461,800 mil.Baht/ yr
Reduce GHG by 42 mil ton/ yr
7.6%
Target 5,608 MWExisting 1,750 MW
Adder 3,858 MW-Small Hydro/ Wind/ Solar-Biomass/ Biogas/ MSw/-Hydrogen
Target 7,433 ktoeExisting 3,007 Ktoe
2011
15.6%
2.4%
EthanolTarget 9.0 Mil. lites/ DayExisting 1.24 Mil. lites/ Day
BiodieselTarget 4.5 Mil. lites/ DayExisting 1.56 Mil. lites/ Day
HydrogenTarget 0.1 Mil. Kilograms
4.1%
Power
Thermal
Biofuels
2022
20.3%
2008
6.4%
CDM
NGVTarget 690 mmscfd
(6,090 ktoe)Existing 108.1 mmscfd
6.2%
19.1%
2016
Total RE output 19,800 ktoe/ yrReduce Import 461,800 mil.Baht/ yr
Reduce GHG by 42 mil ton/ yr
Ince
ntiv
e M
easu
res
R&D
Adder cost
ESCO VentureCapital
BOI
Renewable Energy Development PlanRenewable Energy Development Plan
Promotion of Energy Efficiency ImprovementPromotion of Energy Efficiency Improvement
• Promote power & cool-water generation using Distributed-Generation (DG) system in large department stores
• Promote Energy Services Company (ESCO) business
• Provide revolving funds/tax incentives/investment promotion via BOI privileges
Air
Natural Gas 10 MMSCFD
Feed
Exhaust GasVent to ATM
ElectricityTotal of 50 MW
supply to the Airport
12,500 RTCooling Water
Supply to the Airport
2x 63 Ton/HrBoiler (HRSG)
2 x 20 MWGenerators
1 x 15 MWGenerator
2 x Gas TurbineEngines
WaterCondenser
Drum
Separator Drum
Liquid LiBr + Vapour H2O
Liquid Libr Conc.6x 2,500RTAbsorption
Chiller(SAC)
Low pressureEvaporateChamber
AbsorptionChamber
CombustionChamber
CoolingTower
Steam TurbineEngine
5-7 degree C Building Supply Cooling Water
12-15 degree C Building Return Cooling Water
Chiller Cooling Water
Liquid H2O Vapour H2O
Processed Steam(Waste Heat)
Flue Gas
Supplementary FiringNatural Gas/Diesel
and Fresh Air
Natural GasH2O LiquidH2O VapourFlue GasLibr Conc.Libr+H2O VapourDieselFresh AirCooling Waterfor Building
District Cooling System Power Plant Process Flow Diagram District Cooling System Power PlantDistrict Cooling System Power Plant Process Flow Diagram
Air
Natural Gas 10 MMSCFD
Feed
Exhaust GasVent to ATM
ElectricityTotal of 50 MW
supply to the Airport
12,500 RTCooling Water
Supply to the Airport
2x 63 Ton/HrBoiler (HRSG)
2 x 20 MWGenerators
1 x 15 MWGenerator
2 x Gas TurbineEngines
WaterCondenser
Drum
Separator Drum
Liquid LiBr + Vapour H2O
Liquid Libr Conc.6x 2,500RTAbsorption
Chiller(SAC)
Low pressureEvaporateChamber
AbsorptionChamber
CombustionChamber
CoolingTower
Steam TurbineEngine
5-7 degree C Building Supply Cooling Water
12-15 degree C Building Return Cooling Water
Chiller Cooling Water
Liquid H2O Vapour H2O
Processed Steam(Waste Heat)
Flue Gas
Supplementary FiringNatural Gas/Diesel
and Fresh Air
Natural GasH2O LiquidH2O VapourFlue GasLibr Conc.Libr+H2O VapourDieselFresh AirCooling Waterfor Building
District Cooling System Power Plant Process Flow Diagram District Cooling System Power PlantDistrict Cooling System Power Plant Process Flow Diagram
• Logistic System• Improve & expand public
transport systems/promote rail & waterway transport modes
• Promote energy-saving vehicles
Set Energy Saving Target at 10.8% in 2011
• Public Awareness Campaigns on energy saving
• Speed up energy efficiency labeling• Establish Minimum Energy Performance Standards
(MEPS): air-conditioners, refrigerators, ballast, fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps
• Building code & building materialstandards
“Unified Thai Power to Reduce Energy Use”
1. Energy Security At present, Thailand uses natural gas from the Gulf of Thailand and
import from Myanmar for power generation, accounting for a share of almost 70%. However, the R/P of domestic natural gas reserves is rather low (~ 30 years), which is considered a high risk in terms of energy supply.
2. Concern over Global Warming and Climate ChangeFor an NPP, no GHG emission from the power generation process.
3. Energy Price Stability & Competitiveness in the Long RunNuclear power is a fuel option for large-scale power generation, with low generation cost that can be competitive with other types of power plants.
Consideration on Nuclear Power: Consideration on Nuclear Power:
NPI: Nuclear Power Infrastructure NPIEP: NPI Establishment Plan NPPDO: Nuclear Power Program
Development Office NPP: Nuclear Power Plant NRB: Nuclear Regulatory Body 1st Milestone 2nd Milestone 3rd Milestone
Phase 0.1:Preliminary Phase
- NPIPC & 7 Sub-committees appointed
- Issues & Milestones considered
- NPIEP prepared
Phase 1:Pre-project Activity Phase
- approve NPIEP - set up NPPDO - infrastructure work
started - survey of potential
sites - feasibility study
completed - public information &
participation
Phase 2: Program ImplementationPhase
- implement NPIEP with Milestones
- full NRB established - legislation &
international protocols enacted
- suitable sites for bid selected
- technology/qualified suppliers selected
- prepare to call bids
Phase 3:Construction Phase
- NPIEP fully implemented
- bidding process completed
- design & engineering
- manufacturing
- construction & installation
- test runs & inspection
- NPP commissioning license
Phase 4:Operation Phase
- commercial operation
- O&M
- planning for expansion
- industrial and technology development plan
GO NUCLEAR
Commissioning 1st
NPPFinancial Commitments
Knowledgeable Commitment
To prepare for policy decision
Nuclear power option included in PDP2007
MS 3: Start OperationMS 2 : Call for BidsMS 1: Policy DecisionMS 0.2MS 0.1
Commissioning 1st
NPPFinancial Commitments
Knowledgeable Commitment
To prepare for policy decision
Nuclear power option included in PDP2007
MS 3: Start OperationMS 2 : Call for BidsMS 1: Policy DecisionMS 0.2MS 0.1
1 year 3 years 3 years 6 years
2020 2014 2011 2008 2007
NPIEP Milestones for Nuclear Power Program ImplementationNPIEP Milestones for Nuclear Power Program Implementation
4. Revise of the obstructive legislation.
Challenges and Success Factors Challenges and Success Factors
1. Subject RE as a “National Agenda”.
5. Fully allocate the budget for research, development, demonstration, dissemination and public relation of RE.
3. Government provides infrastructure for the RE expansion.
2. Government continuously and strongly support RE, especially, Incentive of BOI, ESCO Fund, Revolving Fund and adder cost.
6. Accessibility of RE data, e.g. Potential and raw material management.
7. RE technology standards.