Overview of the UM Shell Systems

andUM sharing

Michal Barla

PeWe Group @ FIIT STU BA

30. 11. 2005 Overview of the UM Shell Systems and UM sharing

2

History of UM Shell Systems

• 1978 – Perrault, Cohen, Allen

– UM performed by application systems

– UM components mixed with other components for other tasks

• 1986 – Tim Finnin: GUMS (General UM System)

– allows the definition of simple stereotype hierarchies

– at runtime, GUMS accepts and stores Prolog facts about the user

30. 11. 2005 Overview of the UM Shell Systems and UM sharing

3

Academic Development

• BGP-MS (Kobsa, Pohl, 1995)

– network server, multi-user, multi-application

• TAGUS (Paiva, Self, 1995)

– diagnosis of unexpected user behavior (simulation of the user)

– truth maintenance system

• um toolkit (Kay, 1995)

– attribute – value pairs

– evidence of truth and falsehood

– source of evidence, timestamp

30. 11. 2005 Overview of the UM Shell Systems and UM sharing

4

Services of UM Shell Systems

• Representation of assumptions about one or more types of user characteristics

• Representation of relevant common characteristics of users pertaining to the specific user subgroup (stereotype)

• Classification of users as belonging to one or more subgroup – integration of subgroup characteristics into the individual user model

30. 11. 2005 Overview of the UM Shell Systems and UM sharing

5

Services of UM Shell Systems (cont.)

• Formation of assumptions about the user based on the interaction history

• Consistency maintenance in the user model

30. 11. 2005 Overview of the UM Shell Systems and UM sharing

6

Requirements for UM Shell Systems

• Generality

– as many applications as possible

– as many services as possible

• Expressiveness

– uncertainty, vagueness of assumptions

• Strong Inferential Capabilities

30. 11. 2005 Overview of the UM Shell Systems and UM sharing

7

Commercial sector

• Motivation:

– target ad banners, sales promotions, product news

– one-to-one marketing instead of mass marketing

• Group Lens

– collaborative filtering algorithms based on rating provided by user and data derived from navigation

• Frontmind

– Bayesian network for modeling users

30. 11. 2005 Overview of the UM Shell Systems and UM sharing

8

Services of commercial UM servers

• Comparisons of different users’ selective actions

– predict user’s future selective actions based on those of the most similar other users

• Import of external user-related information

– integration of existing systems

• Privacy support

30. 11. 2005 Overview of the UM Shell Systems and UM sharing

9

UM Sharing

• Commercial sector brings the strong motivation for UM sharing

• UM Systems are not functionally integrated into the application

– client-server architecture

• Information acquired by one application can be employed by other and vice versa

• Information is stored in non-redundant manner

30. 11. 2005 Overview of the UM Shell Systems and UM sharing

10

Judy Kay: Personis

30. 11. 2005 Overview of the UM Shell Systems and UM sharing

11

Jaroslav Kuruc

Ďakujem za pozornosť