overview of the skeleton 1. bones of the skeleton cartilages, ligaments and other connective tissues...

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Overview of the Skeleton 1

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1

Overview of the Skeleton

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Bones of the skeletonCartilages, ligaments and other

connective tissues that stabilize and connect

The skeletal system includes

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Functions of the skeletal system

SupportStorage of minerals and lipidsBlood cell productionProtectionLeverage

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Subdivisions of the skeleton

AxialLies around the body’s center of gravity

AppendicularLimbs

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Compact bone (dense)Spongy bone (cancellous)

trabecula

Bone structure = two types of bone

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Classification of bones

By the shapeLongFlat ShortIrregularSesamoidSutural

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Classification of bones

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Bone Markings (Surface Features)

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Bone markings

Projection that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment:Tubercle (tubercle of the rib)Tuberosity (tibial tuberosity)Trochanter (femur)Epicondyle (medial epicondyle-femur)Line (line aspera-femur)Crest (pubic crest)Process (spinous process)Spine (ischial spine)

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Bone markings

Projections that help to form joints:Head (femur)Facet (costal facet)Condyle (femur)Ramus (mandible)

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Bone markings

Cavities:Sinus (maxillary)

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Bone markings

Depressions and openings for blood vessels and nerves to pass:Foramen (ovale)Meatus (acoustic meatus)Fissure (orbital)Fossa (posterior cranial fossa)

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DiaphysisPeriosteumPerforating fibers (Sharpey’s)Endosteum

EpiphysesEpiphysial plateEpiphysial line

A typical long bone includes

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A typical long bone includes

Articular cartilageMarrow cavity

Filled with red or yellow marrow

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Bone Structure

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Bone Growth at an Epiphyseal Cartilage

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Bone Histology

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The Histology of Compact Bone

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Basic unit of compact bone is an osteonOsteocytes LacunaePerforating canals (Volkmann’s)Central canal

Compact bone

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Compact bone

CanaliculiLamella

CircumferentialInterstitialConcentric

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The Structure of Osseous Tissue