Overview of Pollution Prevention (P2) GHG-Cost and

Hazardous Materials Calculators

Training Module: 2010

Overview of Pollution Prevention (P2) GHG-Cost and

Hazardous Materials Calculators

Training Module: 2010

Natalie Hummel/Kathy DaveyNatalie Hummel/Kathy Davey

Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution PreventionPrevention

Pollution Prevention DivisionPollution Prevention Division Hummel.Natalie@epa.gov

202-564-1424202-564-1424

2

PurposePurposePurposePurpose• Review the Greenhouse Gas Calculator Review the Greenhouse Gas Calculator

– Calculate GHG reductions from P2 Calculate GHG reductions from P2 activities*activities*

• Review the Pollution Prevention Cost Review the Pollution Prevention Cost Calculator Calculator – Calculate cost savings from P2 activities*Calculate cost savings from P2 activities*

• Describe the Hazardous Materials Calculator Describe the Hazardous Materials Calculator – Converts gallons to pounds for common Converts gallons to pounds for common

hazardous materialshazardous materials

* * Based on annual performance results

3

BackgroundBackgroundBackgroundBackground• Assist P2 community in reporting Assist P2 community in reporting

EPA’s outcome measures:EPA’s outcome measures:– Million metric tons of carbon dioxide Million metric tons of carbon dioxide

equivalents;equivalents;– Pounds of pollutants reduced;Pounds of pollutants reduced;– Gallons of water saved, andGallons of water saved, and– Dollars saved through the adoption of P2 Dollars saved through the adoption of P2

practicespractices

• Enhance standardization for reporting Enhance standardization for reporting performance results.performance results.

• Enhance transparency of methodologies.Enhance transparency of methodologies.

4

P2 GHG Calculator P2 GHG Calculator P2 GHG Calculator P2 GHG Calculator • The GHG Calculator is a tool to calculate The GHG Calculator is a tool to calculate

changes in GHG emissions from P2 changes in GHG emissions from P2 projects.projects.

• Converts the activity values entered (e.g., Converts the activity values entered (e.g., kWh saved, gal. water reduced, etc.) to kWh saved, gal. water reduced, etc.) to COCO22ee

• Aggregates GHG reductions from Aggregates GHG reductions from individual projects and categories.individual projects and categories.

• Provides transparency for the data sources Provides transparency for the data sources used through references and justification.used through references and justification.

5

P2 GHG CalculatorP2 GHG CalculatorP2 GHG CalculatorP2 GHG Calculator• The Calculator was not intended to The Calculator was not intended to

calculate a program’s GHG calculate a program’s GHG footprint, which is a measure of a footprint, which is a measure of a program’s entire GHG emissions program’s entire GHG emissions for all operations.for all operations.

• EPA’s Climate LeaderEPA’s Climate Leader, The World , The World Resources Institute, and the Resources Institute, and the Climate Registry offer recognized Climate Registry offer recognized green house gas inventories.green house gas inventories.

6

P2 GHG Calculator P2 GHG Calculator Addresses:Addresses:P2 GHG Calculator P2 GHG Calculator Addresses:Addresses:

•Electricity Conservation •Green Energy •Stationary and Mobile Source

Fuel Reduction/Substitution •Greening Chemistry •Water Conservation•Materials Management (under

construction)

7

P2 Cost CalculatorP2 Cost CalculatorP2 Cost CalculatorP2 Cost Calculator• Calculates the financial dollar savings

from implementing a P2 activity

• EPA worked closely with the original developer’s of the P2 cost calculator--- Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Research Center (PPRC) Improvement include:– Updated cost savings values– Ability to select “units” of measurement– Illustrated examples for end users– Enhanced credibility with reference and

justification

8

P2 Cost Calculator P2 Cost Calculator Addresses:Addresses:P2 Cost Calculator P2 Cost Calculator Addresses:Addresses:• Financial value of reducing:–Hazardous Inputs and Wastes– Air Emissions–Water Pollution–Water Use– Energy– Electricity–Non-Hazardous Inputs and Solid Waste

To date, cost savings have been underreported.

9

Electricity Conservation Electricity Conservation ProjectsProjectsElectricity Conservation Electricity Conservation ProjectsProjects

• GHG Calculator: Electricity Conservation Tab–Reductions from electricity

conservation are based on state-specific emissions factors (e-GRID)

• Cost Calculator: Electricity Tab–Reductions in traditional electricity

use will result in COST SAVINGS ($)

10

North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Region Representational Map

North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Region Representational Map

11

Example 1: Electricity Example 1: Electricity Conservation Conservation Example 1: Electricity Example 1: Electricity Conservation Conservation

GMC developed an electricity conservation program in their New Jersey facility that conserved 25,000 kWh. INPUT

GHG Calculator: Electricity Conservation TabElectricity Conservation

State or US = NJNJElectricity Conserved = 25,000 25,000Unit Reported = kWh kWh

Cost Calculator: Electricity TabElectricity Conservation

Quantity Electricity Reduced = 25,000 = 25,000Unit = kWh kWh

OUTPUTGHG Calculator = 21.460 MTCO21.460 MTCO22e (in emissions e (in emissions

reductions)reductions)Cost Calculator = $2,508 (in cost savings)$2,508 (in cost savings)

12

13

14

Green Energy ProjectsGreen Energy ProjectsGreen Energy ProjectsGreen Energy Projects• GHG Calculator: Green Energy Tab

– Assumption in the calculator: No GHG emissions are associated with green power

– 1 kWh of fossil-fuel electricity replaced with 1 kWh of renewably-generated electricity is the same as reducing electricity use by 1kWh

• Cost Calculator: Electricity Tab– Purchase of “green electricity” will

INCREASE costs– Calculator uses the mean of all 200 green

power providers supplied by DOE

15

Example 2: Green Energy Example 2: Green Energy ProjectProjectExample 2: Green Energy Example 2: Green Energy ProjectProject• GMC’s North Carolina facility purchased 40,000 kWh of

green electricity.

INPUTGHG Calculator: Green Energy TabGreen Energy Electricity Displacing Fossil Fuel Energy

State or US = NCNCElectricity Consumed from Renewable Energy = 40,000 40,000Unit Reported = kWh kWh

Cost Calculator: Electricity TabPurchased Green Electricity

Quantity Electricity Purchased = 40,000 = 40,000Unit = kWh kWh

OUTPUTGHG Calculator = 31.485 MTCO31.485 MTCO22eeCost Calculator = - $828- $828

16

17

18

Fuel Use Reduction Projects Fuel Use Reduction Projects (Stationary Sources)(Stationary Sources)Fuel Use Reduction Projects Fuel Use Reduction Projects (Stationary Sources)(Stationary Sources)

• GHG Calculator: Stationary Sources Tab– Calculate GHG emissions reductions

associated with reduced fuel use– Includes emission factors for 14 common

fuel types used to power stationary sources

• P2 Cost Calculator: Energy Tab– Calculates savings from reduced energy

use– Examples of data entry options include

natural gas, heating oil, coal, etc.

19

Example 3: Reducing Fuel Example 3: Reducing Fuel Use from a Stationary Use from a Stationary Source ExampleSource Example

Example 3: Reducing Fuel Example 3: Reducing Fuel Use from a Stationary Use from a Stationary Source ExampleSource ExampleGMC altered its production activities resulting

in a reduction of 15,000 therms of natural gas annually. INPUT

GHG Calculator: Stationary Sources TabNatural Gas or Compressed Natural Gas

Natural Gas Reduced = 15,000 15,000Units = therms therms

Cost Calculator: Energy TabNatural Gas

Amount Natural Gas Reduced = 15,000 = 15,000Units = therms therms

OUTPUTGHG Calculator = 79.794 MTCO79.794 MTCO22eeCost Calculator = $11,250$11,250

20

21

22

Mobile Fuel Reduction / Mobile Fuel Reduction / Substitution ProjectsSubstitution ProjectsMobile Fuel Reduction / Mobile Fuel Reduction / Substitution ProjectsSubstitution Projects• P2 GHG Calculator: Mobile Sources Tab

– Includes the ability to calculate savings from reduced vehicle and airplane miles

• User enters either fuel reduced or vehicle/air miles avoided, BUT not BOTH

• P2 Cost Calculator: Energy Tab– Calculates savings from reduced energy use– Examples of data entry options include

vehicle miles driven and motor gasoline, jet fuel, etc.

Note: Not all fuels present in the GHG Calculator are present in the Cost Calculator.

23

Example 4: Example 4: Reducing Air Miles Traveled Reducing Air Miles Traveled Example 4: Example 4: Reducing Air Miles Traveled Reducing Air Miles Traveled GMC upgraded its communications system

allowing for greater adoption of videoconferencing, thereby saving 100,000 air miles traveled on short flights, and 800,000 air miles on long haul flights. INPUT

GHG Calculator: Mobile Sources TabAir Miles

Length of Flight = multiple distances multiple distancesCalculator for Air Miles Reduced over Multiple Distances

Short haul: <300 miles = 100,000 100,000Long haul: >700 miles = 800,000 800,000

OUTPUTGHG Calculator = 178.268 MTCO178.268 MTCO22ee

Note: The Cost Calculator does not account for jet fuel use variation with

different distance flights, therefore an MTCO2e reduction only is presented.

24

25

Example 5: Example 5: Substituting Towards Substituting Towards Greener Fuel Greener Fuel

Example 5: Example 5: Substituting Towards Substituting Towards Greener Fuel Greener Fuel GMC upgraded half of its vehicle fleet to run on biodiesel

B100 instead of gasoline, saving 4,375 gallons of gasoline annually.INPUT

GHG Calculator: Mobile Sources TabGasoline

Gasoline Reduced (gal.) = 4,375 4,375Biodiesel

Blend = B100B100Biodiesel Reduced (gal.)= - 4,375- 4,375

Cost Calculator: Energy TabMotor Gasoline

Gallons Reduced = 4,375 = 4,375

OUTPUTGHG Calculator (Aggregate Tab) = 25.646 MTCO25.646 MTCO22eeCost Calculator = $11,900$11,900***The Cost Calculator does not include biodiesel cost data, therefore

this output does not account for the cost of biodiesel but accounts for avoided cost of gasoline only.

26

27

28

29

Reducing and Substituting Away from High-GWP Chemicals Projects

Reducing and Substituting Away from High-GWP Chemicals Projects

• P2 GHG Calculator: Greening Chemistry Tab– Total of 95 chemicals in the Tool– Emissions of gases are translated into CO2

equivalents using Global Warming Potentials– The 100-year GWP is a measure of the global

warming impact of a gas, relative to CO2

Note: Cost reductions associated with the reduction of specific chemicals has not been incorporated

into the P2 Cost Calculator.

30

Example 6: Reducing and Example 6: Reducing and Substituting Away from High-GWP Substituting Away from High-GWP ChemicalsChemicals

Example 6: Reducing and Example 6: Reducing and Substituting Away from High-GWP Substituting Away from High-GWP ChemicalsChemicals

Through the combination of refrigerant tracking and improved leak detection, GMC saved 10,000 pounds of HFC-134a. They also replaced 1000 pounds of CFC-12 with HFC-134a.INPUT

GHG Calculator: Greening Chemistry TabCFC-12

lbs. Chemical Avoided = 1,0001,000HFC-134a

lbs. Chemical Avoided = 9,0009,000

OUTPUTGHG Calculator (Aggregate Tab) = 10,2521.360 10,2521.360

MTCOMTCO22ee

31

32

Water Conservation Water Conservation ProjectsProjectsWater Conservation Water Conservation ProjectsProjects• P2 GHG Calculator: Water Conservation Tab

– Water and energy conservation are linked through the energy that it takes to pump, treat and transport water

– For heated water, the Calculator accounts for the power source used to heat the water

– Hot water heated by renewable sources has the same conversion factor as cold water

• P2 Cost Calculator: Water Use Tab– Calculates savings from reductions of incoming

raw water (does not take into account heating water, but merely the amount of water that comes in originally) through a P2 activity

33

Example 7: Water Example 7: Water ConservationConservationExample 7: Water Example 7: Water ConservationConservationGMC improved cooling tower efficiency in their North

Carolina plant through the installation of magnetic pulse technology and saved 35,000,000 gallons of water.

INPUTGHG Calculator: Water Conservation TabWater Conservation

State or US = North CarolinaNorth CarolinaNon-heated Water Reduced (gallons) = 35,000,000 35,000,000

Cost Calculator: Water Use TabWater Use

State or US = North CarolinaNorth CarolinaGallons Reduced = 35,000,000 = 35,000,000

OUTPUTGHG Calculator = 90.912 MTCO90.912 MTCO22eeCost Calculator = $89,542$89,542

34

35

36

Water Pollution Reducing ProjectsWater Pollution Reducing Projects• P2 Cost Calculator – Water Pollution

Tab– Calculates savings from reduced discharges

of water pollutants– Waste Water includes contaminants in water

and storm water discharged to sewer systems, septic systems, injection wells, and ground water

– Water Pollutants include biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), toxics, nutrients, total suspended solids (TSS)

Note: GHG reduction is not applicable to Water Pollution, thus this activity is not represented in the GHG

Calculator. Similarly, other activities not represented in the GHG Calculator include Hazardous and Non-

Hazardous Waste Reduction and Air Pollutants (NOx SOx, VOCs, PM10, VOCs, HAPs).

37

Example 8: Water Pollution Example 8: Water Pollution ReductionReductionExample 8: Water Pollution Example 8: Water Pollution ReductionReductionThrough the adoption of a new filtration system

in one of its plants, GMC reduced the quantity of BOD/COD discharged by 500 pounds.INPUT

Cost Calculator: Water Pollution TabBOD/COD

State or US = North CarolinaNorth Carolina

Quantity Reduced = 500 = 500Units = lbs. lbs.

OUTPUTCost Calculator = $119$119

38

39

Hazardous Materials: Gallons to PoundsHazardous Materials: Gallons to Pounds• Engineering tool-kit– Common solvents– Fuels and oils– Refrigerants– House hold pains– Auto paints– Metal working fluids– Liquids