overview of international relations in southeast asia

7/25/2019 Overview of International Relations in Southeast Asia

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Overview of international

Relations In SEA


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Geopolitical importance ofAsia-Pacic

Worlds political , economic powersare located : S, !"ina, R#ssia, $apan

Area of economic d%namism and&rowt"

Political in'#ence

Re&ional &ro#pin&s !#lt#ral appeal


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(a)or powers andimportance

!"ina : "#&e in si*e, economic +militar% power, etension of itsin'#ence

R#ssia : "#&e, si*e, militar% power,etended &eopolitical interests

India : "#&e, risin& econom%

$apan : economic power, sta.ledemocrac%, .#t re&ional diplomac%declined , c"allen&ed .% !"inas rise


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(a)or powers and So#t"eastAsia

Periods : end of WW/-01234 0123-015240152-01164 post !old War era

(ain actors :S, SSR, c"ina s"aped

international relations of t"e re&ion d#rin& t"e!old War

7"e emer&ence of !"ina c"allen&ed Westerndominance in SEA

E#ropes wit"drawal 8 eclipse from t"e re&ion $apan a defeated power, .#t developed stron&

economic relations wit" SEA as of 0156s


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Post WW/ politicaldevelopments in SEA

End of WW / .ro#&"t c"an&es to SEA : 9e- colonisation, / t%pes8 met"ods of

de-colonisation : violent and peacef#l

political consolidation of states ,nation-.#ildin& in t"e re&ion Relations wit" former colonial powers

and orientation of forei&n polic%

in'#enced .% de-colonisation process !onsolidation of S role and position in

t"e re&ion


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iolent de-coloni*ation +impact

impact on political development andforei&n polic% orientation

Indonesia: independence in 0132 not

reco&nised .% t"e 9#tc", fo#&"t arevol#tion #ntil 0131

profo#nd impact on Indonesias

national identit%, political developmentand eternal orientation;anti colonial, evolved towards non-ali&nment


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iolent de-coloni*ationrance, S, SSR, !"ina=

P"ases of t"e war indicated eternal power interestsand t"eir roles

? war + Indoc"ina con'ict &reatl% in'#enceds"apin& international relations in SEA #ntil 01@6s

ietnams eperience in de- colonisation aectedt"e co#ntr%s domestic and eternal orientation


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so#rces of con'ict +insta.ilit%

ietnam War and Indoc"ina con'ict,

!omm#nist Ins#r&encies,

separatism8 irredentism createdinsta.ilit%, a c"allen&e to state sec#rit%,nation-.#ildin& process

territorial disp#tes

?ew sec#rit% iss#es in post !old War era


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Ori&ins of ietnam War

Be&an wit" >ranco Cietnam war in 013D ,fail#re of ne&otiations led to creation of>renc" s#pported &overnment in so#t"

ietnam >renc" defeat at 9ien Bien P"# 0123

.ro#&"t t"em to ne&otiation in Geneva

>renc" eit from ietnam, role taen over

.% S , red#ced presence of >rance inSEA

Pro% war .etween !old War ma)or powers


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SEA 9ivided

7"e ietnam war + !am.odian con'ictdivided SEA into Fideolo&ical .locs;comm#nist and non-comm#nist t"ro#&"o#t

t"e !old War


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forei&n polic% of SEA statesd#rin& t"e !old War

Internal conditions8 factors in'#encedforei&n polic% of co#ntries in SEA,options : alliance, non-ali&ned, pro-

West, comm#nist, isolation etc ?e#tralit% failed in !am.odia, aos d#e

to eternal press#res + internal division

Role of personalities important ins"apin& forei&n polic%;idios%ncraticfactor


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(ana&in& re&ional relations

Re&ionalism : ASA, (APHII?9O, ASEA?

S%stem of alliances and coalitions8 sec#rit%arran&ements .ot" at .ilateral and

m#ltilateral levels E SEA7O, >P9A + .ilateral alliances

.etween S, SSR and t"eir Fclient- states

Attempts at ne#tralisation of SEAA?= , forei&n polic% of non-ali&nment+ ne#tralit%


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Post !old War trends

Ideolo&% no lon&er important in relationsamon& states + t"eir forei&n policies

!"inas en&a&ement in SEA , red#ction of

Soviet interest in SEA, S come.ac,E#ropes increasin& interest in SEA

?ew preocc#pation of states :

stren&t"enin& of .ilateral relations,re&ionalism, economic development,democratisation , non-traditional sec#rit%


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Geo-strate&ic pla%ers

J States "avin& t"e capacit% andnational will to eercise power orin'#ence .e%ond t"eir .orders in

order to alter t"e eistin& &eopoliticalstate of aairsK

E S, !"ina, R#ssia, India etc


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Geo-political pivots

J states w"ose importance is derived notfrom t"eir power and motivation, .#t rat"erfrom t"eir sensitive location and from t"e

conseL#ences of t"eir potentiall%v#lnera.le condition for t"e .e"avio#r of&eostrate&ic pla%ersK

(ain determinants : &eo&rap"%, t"o#&"

position in t"e s%stem not ed orpermanent

E: So#t" Morea


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Re&ionalism + inte&ration

Acceleration of re&ionalism : improvedrelations amon& re&ional co#ntries

Epansion + consolidation of ASEA? + its

instit#tions Re or&anisation of ASEA? : ASEA?

Secretariat in 011/ S#mmit, creation ofASEA? !"arter /66@

Increasin& economic cooperation

&reater sec#rit%, defence cooperation CAR>,A9((


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Etra re&ional relations

ASEA?s eorts to stren&t"enrelations wit" ot"er co#ntries8 re&ion

>ramewors : ASE(, 9ialoePartners, ASEA? Pl#s 7"ree etc

7"e nineties were period of Fpeace,prosperit% for ASEA?, "i&"l%re&arded .% ot"er re&ions

!"an&in& re&ional .alanceN


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Ot"er iss#es of concern

7errorism : impact on sec#rit% in SEA, Ssec#rit% interest in re&ion, colla.orationamon& re&ional states , at t"e same time

"i&"li&"t dierences in sec#rit% interest 9emocratisation process : Indonesia,7"ailand, !am.odia , re&ime contestationin (%anmar

Pro.lematic centre-perip"er% relations in7"ailand, P"ilippines


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Socio-economicdevelopment

En"ancin& re&ional and s#.-re&ionaleconomic development t"ro#&" vario#sor&anisations and cooperation framewor

ASEA? C.ased or&anisations andinitiatives

!reatin& re&ional conscio#sness, identit%

Stren&t"enin& c#lt#ral and social ties aspart of ASEA? pro)ect


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Political Sta.ilit% in SEA

Political sta.ilit% or insta.ilit% of statesaect international relations in SEA

!ate&ories of sta.ilit% of states :

Sta.le, fairl% sta.le, #nsta.le

(eas#rin& sta.ilit% : le&itimac% of&overnment, political stren&t" of

&overnment, economic sta.ilit%,control of societal forces, availa.ilit%of instr#ments of enforcement


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!oncl#sion

End of WW/ #s"ered in a new era ininternational relations in SEA, .ecame animportant Ft"eatre of con'icts

ietnam war and rise of !"ina &reatl%

in'#enced re&ional politics and sec#rit%d#rin& t"e !old War

end of !old War contri.#ted to re&ionalsta.ilit% and improved re&ional relations

>oc#s on socio-economic development,democratisation Redenin& ma)or powers roles and interests Re&ionalism accelerated

overview of international relations in southeast asia

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