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TRANSCRIPT
Overview of Emissions TreatmentOverview of Emissions Treatment Technologies for Heavy-duty Engines
Mr. R. BrückAECC Technical Steering Committee
AECC Technical Seminar on Heavy-duty Engine Emissionson Heavy-duty Engine Emissions
Brussels, 25 October 2007
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Contents
• Introduction• Diesel Oxidation Catalysts • Particulate Filters• Particulate Filters
– Wall-flow particulate filtersP ti l fl ti l t filt– Partial-flow particulate filters
• Selective Catalytic reduction– SCR catalysts– Sensors
• Applications
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PM vs NOx (ESC test): 2002-2006
0,1802002
0,140
0,1602002
0,100
0,120
kWh Euro III limits
Euro III limits (<0.75dm3 & >3000min-1 rated power speed)
0,060
0,080
PM
g/k
0,020
0,040Euro IV limitsEuro V limits
0,000
,
0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00
O / Source: KBA data
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NOx g/kWh Source: KBA data, June 2002, January 2006, March 2007
PM vs NOx (ESC test): 2002-2006
0,1802002 2006
0,140
0,1602002 2006
0,100
0,120
kWh Euro III limits
Euro III limits (<0.75dm3 & >3000min-1 rated power speed)
0,060
0,080PM
g/k
0,020
0,040
Euro IV limitsEuro V limits
0,0000,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00
NOx g/kWh Source: KBA data
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NOx g/kWh Source: KBA data, June 2002, January 2006, March 2007
PM vs NOx (ESC test): 2002-2006
0.1802002 2006 2007 (Euro V & EEV data)
0.140
0.1602002 2006 2007 (Euro V & EEV data)
0.100
0.120
kWh Euro III limits
Euro III limits (<0.75dm3 & >3000min-1 rated power speed)
0.060
0.080PM
g/k
0.020
0.040
Euro IV limitsEuro V limits
0.0000.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
NOx g/kWh Source: KBA data
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NOx g/kWh Source: KBA data, June 2002, January 2006, March 2007
Euro V & EEV diesels at Hanover IAA Show September 2006Show September 2006
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Engine Technologyg gy(engine out emissions)
Emissions ControlTechnologiesTechnologies
Tailpipe Emissions
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One view of a future engine
ETC cycle demands on the engine raw emissions and PM i t t i i li it (MAN)
Euro Stage
Limit ValueNOx g/kWh /
Raw emissions
~max. EGR rate (%)
CR Injection pressure
Turbo PM Conversion
on PM conversion to meet emissions limits (MAN)
Stage NOx g/kWh / PM mg/kWh
emissions NOx g/kWh / PM mg/kWh
rate (%) pressure (bar)
Conversion (%)
IV 3 5 / 30 3 3 / 50 18 20 1600 1 stage 60IV 3.5 / 30 3.3 / 50 18 – 20 1600 1 stage 60
V 2.0 / 30 1.8 / 60 25 - 30 1800 - 2000 2 stage inter
65inter-
cooled“VI” 1.0 / 20 0.9 / 60 30 - 35 2400 - 2500 2 stage
inter-75
cooled
Source: MAN; 26. Internationales Wiener Motorensymposium 2005
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E i i C t l T h l iEmissions Control Technologies
Di l O id ti C t l t (DOC)- Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)=> Conversion of HC and CO
- Diesel Particulate Filters=> Particulate Reduction (Mass / Number)=> Particulate Reduction (Mass / Number)
Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR)- Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR)=> NOx Reduction
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Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOC)
Source: MAN
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E i i C t l T h l iEmissions Control Technologies
Di l O id ti C t l t (DOC)- Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)=> Conversion of HC and CO
- Diesel Particulate Filters=> Particulate Reduction (Mass / Number)=> Particulate Reduction (Mass / Number)
Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR)- Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR)=> NOx Reduction
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Wall-flow particulate filters for light-duty and heavy-duty applicationsduty and heavy-duty applications
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Wall-flow particulate filters
1,00E+07
gDp[
cm-3
]
1400 rpm/50% loadwithout trap
Engine-out 1E+05
1E+06tio
n dN
/dlo
g
Engine out
1E+04
1E+05
conc
entr
at
clean room ambient air1400 rpm/50% loaddownstream of the trap
1E+03
0
num
ber
10 100Post-DPF
Measurement by Matter Engineering Ingenieurschule Biel
10 100mobility diameter [nm]
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Partial-flow particulate filters for light-duty and heavy-duty applicationsduty and heavy-duty applications
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Partial-flow particulate filter
Source: MAN, CTI Forum Abgastechnik, 2007
Source: AECC Member Company, CTI Forum Abgastechnik, 2007
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Worldwide DPF retrofit experiences
• Construction equipment• Construction equipment• Mining equipment• Materials Handling• Materials Handling• Refuse trucks• City and School busesCity and School buses• Stationary Diesel
Engines• Marine Vessels• Locomotives
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Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration technologiesregeneration technologies
• Engine control to increase exhaust gas temperature
Catalysed DPFCatalysed DPF
• Catalysed C-DPF
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Catalysed Particulate Filter (C-DPF)y ( )
Di t E h tPorous Filter Wall
Catalyst Plug
Dirty ExhaustInlet Channels
PlugCleaned ExhaustOutlet Channels
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Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration technologiesregeneration technologies
• Engine control to increase exhaust gas temperature
Catalysed DPFCatalysed DPF
• Catalysed C-DPF
OxidationDPF
Oxidation Catalyst
• Continuously Regenerating CR-DPF
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Continuously Regenerating Particulate Filter (CR DPF)(CR-DPF)
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Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration technologiesregeneration technologies
• Engine control to increase exhaust gas temperature
Catalysed DPFCatalysed DPF
• Catalysed C-DPF
OxidationDPF
Oxidation Catalyst
• Continuously Regenerating CR-DPF
Oxidation Catalyst DPFFBC
• DPF + Fuel Borne Additive
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Particle Filters using fuel-borne additiveg
22Source: PSA
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration technologiesregeneration technologies
• Engine control to increase exhaust gas temperature
Catalysed DPFCatalysed DPF
• Catalysed C-DPF
OxidationDPF
Oxidation Catalyst
• Continuously Regenerating CR-DPF
Oxidation Catalyst DPFFBC
• DPF + Fuel Borne Additive
• (Off-line electrical / thermal regeneration)
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E i i C t l T h l iEmissions Control Technologies
Di l O id ti C t l t (DOC)- Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)=> Conversion of HC and CO
- Diesel Particulate Filters=> Particulate Reduction (Mass / Number)=> Particulate Reduction (Mass / Number)
Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR)- Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR)=> NOx Reduction
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Selective-Catalytic reduction (SCR)
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Urea SCR-system
> 85% NOx Exhaust Gas 85% NOx reduced
N2 H2O
Exhaust GasNOx NH3 O2
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Source: Bosch, drawing adapted
Chemistry of the SCR catalyst systemChemistry of the SCR catalyst system
SCR catalyst (S)
urea
(NH ) CO
SCR catalyst (S)
4NH3 + 4NO + O2 → 4N2 + 6H2O
2NH3 + NO + NO2 → 2N2 + 3H2O(NH2)2CO
exhaust
8NH3 + 6NO2 → 7N2 + 12H2O
H S OVexhaust
gas
Oxidation catalyst (O)
4NH3 + 3O2 → 2N2 + 6H2O
Oxidation catalyst (V)
2NO + O2 → 2NO2
4HC 3O 2CO 2H O
Hydrolysis catalyst (H)
(NH2)2CO + H2O → 2NH3 + CO2
4NH3 + 3O2 → 2N2 + 6H2O4HC + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O
2CO + O2 → 2CO2
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NOx and NH3 sensorsNOx and NH3 sensors
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Heavy-duty applications
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Marine vessels SCR systemEmission reduction in Baltic Sea maritime transport:Sea maritime transport:
Reducing the weighted overall NOx emission to overall NOx emission to levels below 2 g/kWh.
Main propulsion engines:0 6 resp 0 85 g/kWh NOx0.6 resp. 0.85 g/kWh NOx.
Auxiliary engines:0 2 /kWh NO0.2 g/kWh NOx.(according to SJÖFS 1997:28 at 75% load)
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Thank you for your attention
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