overview of calnex 2010: sites, platforms some significant findings, and areas of possible...

Overview of CalNex 2010:• Sites, Platforms• Some Significant Findings, and•Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis


CalNex Atlantis Data WorkshopJanuary 11 to 13, 2011

David ParrishNOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division

Boulder, [email protected]




http://esrl.noaa.gov/csd/calnex/

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Ground-based monitoring stations

CalNex 2010: Field measurements

Long-term surface observations

http://www.arb.ca.gov/aqd/aqdpage.htm

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CALGEM (LBNL/NOAA) tall tower sites

WGC

Sutro


Instrumented tall towers


Marc Fischer/LBL and NOAA/GMD

http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/towers/

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CalNex and CARES major ground sites

T0

T1

SJV

LA



Major intensive ground sites


CARES: Rahul Zaveri/DOE

[email protected]

Bakersfield:

Allen Goldstein [email protected]

Ronald Cohen [email protected]

Los Angeles/Cal Tech:

Joost deGouw [email protected]

Jochen Stutz [email protected]

Jose Jimenez [email protected]

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IONS-2010 ozonesonde network




Daily ozonesonde launches


http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/metproducts/calnex/calnex_web/gif_archive/o3sondes/

Owen Cooper [email protected]

NOAA, Air Districts, others42

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Radar wind profiler network


Allen White [email protected]

http://esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/obs/sitemap/psd/

NOAA WP-3D flights






Radar wind profiler network

Cal-Mex 2010

Mobile research platforms

NOAA WP-3D NOAA Twin OtterCIRPAS Twin OtterNASA King AirDOE G-1R/V Atlantis

Satellite observationsTES, OMI, Sciamachy, IASI

FLEXPPART transport modeling

CARB regional air quality modeling

Comparison of regional forecast models

NOAA/GFDL climate modeling

Brad Pierce global modeling

CalNex 2010: Modeling

A12A - Monday 1020 - Overview of 2010 CalNex and CARES field studies

A13I - Monday 1340 - Aerosol characterization and optical properties

A14A - Monday 1600 - Aerosol sources and effects, including black carbon

A21H - Tuesday 0800 - Gas phase species sources and distributions

A22B - Tuesday 1020 - Climate and air quality processes and modeling

A23D - Tuesday 1340 - Impact of transport of ozone and aerosols

A21C - Tuesday 0800 - Poster Hall – 55 posters

Climate Change, Air Quality, and Their Interrelations at the North American West Coast

Included many CalNex results

47 Oral Presentations

In-Situ observations of speciated organics in gas and particle phases:

CalNex2010 Bakersfield (and a little data from Los Angeles)

A. Goldstein, D. Gentner, G. Isaacman, D. Worton,

Y. Zhao, R. Weber, R. Sellon, A. Guha (UC Berkeley)N. Kreisberg, S. Hering (Aerosol Dynamics Inc.)

B. Williams (Washington University, St. Louis)

T. Hohaus, A. Lambe, J. Jayne, L. Williams,

D. Worsnop (Aerodyne Research Inc)

J-L. Jimenez (University of Colorado)

L. Russell, S. Liu, D. Day (UC San Diego)

CalNex Bakersfield Science Team

CalNex Pasadena Science Team

SPECIAL THANKS TO:

John Karlik, Rick Ramirez

UC Cooperative Extension Kern County Staff

R. Cohen, S. Pusede UC Berkeley (PI and site organization)

Funding: California ARB, NSF Atmos Chem, DOE SBIR /STTR, NOAA

Bakersfield

Fig from R. Cohen

Gas measurementsGas measurements

Particulate measurementsParticulate measurements

Brune (Penn State)Brune (Penn State) OH, HOOH, HO22, OH reactivity, OH reactivity

Cohen (UCB)Cohen (UCB) NO, NONO, NO22, peroxynitrates, RONO, peroxynitrates, RONO22, HNO, HNO33

Goldstein (UCB)Goldstein (UCB) VOCs, CO, OVOCs, CO, O33, Met, Met

Goldstein/Baer (UCB/LGR)Goldstein/Baer (UCB/LGR) CO, NCO, N22O, CHO, CH44, H, H22O, COO, CO22

Keutsch (UWi)Keutsch (UWi) HH22CO, HCOHCO, a-dicarbonylsCO, HCOHCO, a-dicarbonyls

Murphy (U Toronto)Murphy (U Toronto) IC and IR, water soluble gasesIC and IR, water soluble gasesRen (U Miami)Ren (U Miami) HONO, MetHONO, MetThornton (UWa)Thornton (UWa) PAN, PPN, MPAN, ROPAN, PPN, MPAN, RO22NONO22, etc., etc.

Wennberg (CalTech)Wennberg (CalTech) HH22OO22, CH, CH33OOH, HNOOOH, HNO33, HO, HO22NONO22, HCN, etc., HCN, etc.

Wilczak (NOAA)Wilczak (NOAA) Boundary Layer, MetBoundary Layer, MetZondolo (Princeton)Zondolo (Princeton) NHNH33

ARBARB OC/ECOC/ECBrune (Penn State)Brune (Penn State) Potential aerosol massPotential aerosol massCohen (UCB)Cohen (UCB) Particle organic nitratesParticle organic nitratesGlasius (U Aarhus, DK)Glasius (U Aarhus, DK) Organonitrates, organosulfates (filters)Organonitrates, organosulfates (filters)Goldstein (UCB)/Hering (ADI)Goldstein (UCB)/Hering (ADI) TAG speciated organics, MOUDI samplesTAG speciated organics, MOUDI samplesMurphy (U Toronto)Murphy (U Toronto) IC and IR, water soluble particlesIC and IR, water soluble particlesOffenberg (EPA)/Surratt (UNC)Offenberg (EPA)/Surratt (UNC) Aerosol Composition (filters)Aerosol Composition (filters)Russell (UCSD)Russell (UCSD) AMS, FTIR, SPMS, trace elementsAMS, FTIR, SPMS, trace elements

Bakersfield CalNex2010 TeamBakersfield CalNex2010 Team

Summary• Bakersfield versus LA – Vastly different emission sources, particularly for Reactive Organic Gases

• Bakersfield hourly speciated organics include 500+ chemicals spanning 15 orders of magnitude in volatility, and wide range of composition

• Bakersfield PM1 dominantly organic & secondary

• Primary and secondary tracers useful for identification of sources

• Gas/particle partitioning observed

• Analysis of data just beginning

Funding: California ARB, NSF Atmos Chem, DOE SBIR /STTR, NOAA

SPECIAL THANKS TO: John Karlik, Rick Ramirez

UC Cooperative Extension Kern County Staff

R. Cohen, S. Pusede UC Berkeley (PI and site organization)

Airborne measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Los Angeles Basin and the Central Valley, California

Carsten Warneke from the NOAA WP-3 CalNex science team

NOAA Chemical Sciences Divisionand

CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado

CalNex 2010Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change

Overview of the NOAA WP-3 CalNex mission VOCs indicating aging and mixing of the Los Angeles plume

Overview WP-3 CalNex Central Valley LA basin Summary

NOAA WP-3 CalNex 2010Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change

David Parrish, Michael Trainer, Tom RyersonCalNex Science team

Central Valley: Large emissions from agriculture

LA basin: Fresh emissions are mixed with 1 and 2 day old pollution

During the night: also processed

On weekends: more processed than during the week

CO and VOCs have decreased by about a factor of two since 2002

Conclusions

Overview WP-3 CalNex Central Valley LA basin Summary

Overview and Early Results

Jochen Stutz, Joost de Gouw, Jose L. Jimenez,

John Seinfeld, Jason Surratt

and

Gas-Phase MeasurementsVOCs GC-MS, online VOCs NOAAO3, NO2, SO2, NO3, HONO, HCHO DOAS UCLAOH and HO2, OH reactivity LIF – FAGE Indiana Univ.Photolysis frequencies, Total sky imager Scanning Actinic Flux Spectroradiometer Univ. of Houston

O3, SO2, NO/NOx, NOy, COUV Abs / Flour/ CL+ photolysis cell and Mo converter / VUV Univ. of Houston

Organic acids, HONO, HNCO, HCl , HNO3 CIMS NOAAHCHO Hantzsch reaction fluorescence Univ. of HoustonCHOCHO, HONO, NO2 CEAS NOAAPANs GC-ECD NOAAClNO2, PANs CIMS U. CalgaryCO / CO2 VUV / NDIR absorption NOAAgas phase and semivolatile organics High-resolution PTR-TOF MS U. Utrechtwater-soluble OC in the gas-phase PILS and mist chamber + online WSOC Georgia Techtotal gas-phase organics, & semivolatiles High Resolution EI-TOF-MS MITgas-phase semivolatiles Sorbent tubes + off-line TD-GCMS CMUurban meteorology, eddy covariance various NOAA ARLHCHO, CHOCHO, NO2, aerosol SCD MAX-DOAS CU BoulderNH3 QC-TILDAS Univ. of TorontoSoluble gases (HNO3, NH3) GP-IC CARB13CO2 WS-CRDS CaltechOrganic acids + other organics MOVI-TOF-CIMS Univ. of WashingtonDaily canister for VOC analysis Offline GC- FID / MS US EPA ResearchCHOCHO, NO2 LED-CE-DOAS CU BoulderMet parameters Ground site Caltech Library Roof NOAA / CaltechHONO Wet Chemical (HPLC)semivolatile gas-phase hydrocarbons solid adsorption and liquid extraction Loyola Marymount

Aerosol MeasurementsSize resolved submicron chemical comp. High-resolution ToF-AMS (HR-ToF-AMS) CU BoulderPotential aerosol mass PAM U-Boulder & Penn StateOrganic aerosol composition Soft-Ionization HR-ToF-AMS CU BoulderSubmicron particle number distributions TSI SMPS CU BoulderSO4 Research-quality monitor CARBTotal particle number TSI Water CPC 3786 CU BoulderParticle number distrib.(300 nm - 10 um) Grimm OPC 1.109 CU BoulderOC and EC 1 hr Sunset Labs thermal-optical analyzer Georgia Techwater-soluble OC in Particles PILS and mist chamber + online WSOC Georgia TechPM2.5 carboxylic acids PILS + ion chromatography and CIMS Georgia Tech1-hr molecular tracers (particles and semivol.) TAG-AMS

UC Berkeley, Aer. Dynamics, Aerodyne, CU-Boulder

1-hr molecular tracers (part. & semivol.) 2D Thermal-Desorption Aerosol GC-MS (TAG) UC Berkeley, Aer. DynamicsPM semivolatile and non-volatile organics High-resolution PTR-TOF MS U. UtrechtHR-MS analysis of WSOC/N compounds PILS-collector + Electrospray-Orbitrap UHR MS DOE PNNL EMSLBlack carbon & coating Composition SP-AMS U. Manchester, UKBlack carbon 7-Wavelength Aethalometer U. Manchester, UKBlack carbon absorption DMT 3-Wavelength Photoacoustic Sensor U. Manchester, UKBlack carbon mass DMT SP2 (Soot Particle Soot Photometer) U. Manchester, UKSingle particle composition 200-5000nm PALMS NOAASingle nanoparticle composition NAMS U. DelawareCloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectrum DMT CCN Counter Brookhaven NLSize-resolved CCN SMPS + DMT CCN Brookhaven NLIons in aerosol (SO4, NO3, Cl, K, etc.) GP-IC CARBParticle-phase organic acids + other organics MOVI-TOF-CIMS Univ. of WashingtonSubmicron particle number distributions TSI SMPS #2 CU BoulderSubmicron size distribution UHSAS CU BoulderSupermicron size distribution & PBAP UV-APS CU Boulder

Aerosol Measurements (cont.) + Samplers

particle extinction 532 nm Cavity attenuated phase shift (CAPS) Aerodyneparticle extinction 630 nm CAPS Aerodynesingle-particle single scattering albedo ASTER NOAAaerosol LIDAR 3-wavelength LIDAR USFSColumn aerosol optical depth Sunphotometry / AERONET Station UCLAAerosol extinction, scattering, albedo CRDS / integrating sphere nephelometry TTUBoundary layer backscatter & height Vaisala Ceilometer Univ. Houston / UCLA

NMR analysis of WSOC CNR-ISAC, ItalyOrganosulfates and nitrooxy organosulfates Caltech/UNCOOA characterization University of York, UK)\14C analysis of OC, EC, Water-Insoluble OC (WIOC) and WSOC (24 hr) PSI, Switzerland14C analysis of Total Carbon (~3 hr for 100 samples) PSI, SwitzerlandElements and metals (2-hr resolution) PSI, SwitzerlandHR-MS analysis of organic compounds DOE PNNL EMSLPrecursor-specific SOA Tracers US EPA Research

Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis for SOA characterization and evolution Baylor Univ.14C analysis of Total Carbon US EPA ResearchMolecular speciation of OA CSIC, Spainsize resolved elements and mass in 8 sizes < PM10 UC Davismodified FRM - PM2.5 mass US EPA Research)\Microanalysis Particle Samplers ASUFunctional Group Contributions and potentially PMF UCSDSample Archiving for future analyses Gerogia techFilter Sampler CMUSorbent Sampler CMU

Derivatization and direct thermal desorption with analysis by GCxGC-TOFMS UC BerkeleyMetals and trace elements CSIC



• Measurement intercomparison – essential to ensure that measurements on different platforms are indeed equivalent.

• Nighttime/chlorine chemistry – progressing well (Wagner/Brown, Riedel/Thornton, Bertram presentations) HC aging signatures of Cl?HC aging signatures of Cl?

• Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Ship emissions – progressing well (Williams presentation)

Instruments and data used for this work

• Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis • Cloud retrieval work – progressing well (Schmidt

presentation)



presentation)

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)

Provides cloud optical thickness and effective radius over 4 km.

NOAA P3 research aircraft

Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR)Zenith and nadir viewing spectral irradiance

Spectral range: 350-2100 nm



presentation)

NOAA Research Vessel Atlantis

SSFRZenith viewing irradiance and radiance

Spectral range: 350-1700 nm

Microwave radiometer (MWR)Retrieves column integrated liquid water and water vapor



presentation)


Goal: Retrieve cloud optical thickness and effective radius from the surface


presentation)

May 16 rain rates measured on the Atlantis?:

Sara Lance measured cloud properties on WP-3D and would like to integrate in Atlantis obs. [email protected]

Calnex 2010 CCN Measurements on WP-3D

Flights low over the water southwest of Los Angeles during cloud module

• 5-6x variability in CN, 2-3x variability in CCN for in-cloud versus out-of-cloud

• AMS shows mostly similar organic, sulfate loadings

Rich [email protected] Tech.

June 18th Flight

P-3 is porpoising west and then back east

• Particle concentrations drop off more quickly between 200-600 m than above

Rich [email protected] Tech.

• Look for aerosol gradients west from the coast.



• Coal Oil Point seep – comparison with WP-3D measurements over Deep Water Horizon BP oil leak - progressing well (Gilman, Vlasenko presentations)

• Emission studies – LA outflow, Central Valley – Does the Atlantis see consistent results with other platforms and sites? (Gilman, Vlasenko, Massoli presentations)



• Secondary Organic Aerosol and Relationship to Precursors – Likely largest challenge, and area of most potential - (Gilman, Vlasenko, Bertram, Zhang, Bates, Frossard, Nuaaman, Massoli, Hakala, Gaston, sea sweep, others(?) presentations) - CalNex had a tremendous variety of relevant, state-of-the-art instrumentation deployed on Atlantis, CIRPAS Twin Otter and WP-3D mobile platforms, as well as LA and Bakersfield ground sites

- CARES conducted a complementary program (Zhang presentation)

• Secondary Organic Aerosol and Relationship to Precursors – Likely largest challenge, and area of most potential - (Gilman, Vlasenko, Bertram, Zhang, Bates, Frossard, Nuaaman, Massoli, Hakala, Gaston, sea sweep, others(?) presentations) - CalNex had a tremendous variety of relevant, state-of-the-art instrumentation deployed on Atlantis, CIRPAS Twin Otter and WP-3D mobile platforms, as well as LA and Bakersfield ground sites

- CARES conducted a complementary program (Zhang presentation)




CalNex has provided an unprecedented data set: It will be exciting to see the interpretations

and analyses that you all develop!

CalNex has provided an unprecedented data set: It will be exciting to see the interpretations

and analyses that you all develop!

overview of calnex 2010: sites, platforms some significant findings, and areas of possible...

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