outlook on wte bottom ash recycling and eu policy · 2006. 2007. 2008. 2009. 2010. 2011. 2012. ......

Outlook onWtE bottom ash recyclingand EU policy

MAXIME PERNAL, CEWEPSEMINAR: BOTTOM ASH RECYCLING

AS A COMPONENT FOR THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY8TH JUNE 2017

CEWEP Members: 69.1 M tonnes; 386 plants

Europe: 88.6 M tonnes; 483 plants

CEWEP - Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants

They thermally treat householdand similar commercial &industrial waste that remainsafter waste prevention, reuseand recycling and generateenergy out of it.

CEWEP is the umbrella association of the operators ofWaste-to-Energy Plants across Europe.

Uddevalla WtE plant, Sweden

Padua WtE plant, Italy

2014

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Legend: Waste-to-Energy Plants

operating in Europe Waste thermally treated in

Waste-to-Energy plants (in million tonnes)

Finland9 1.2

Sweden33 5.7

Norway17 1.58

Estonia1 0.22

Latvia

Lithuania1 0.14

Denmark26 3.5

United Kingdom32 7.9Ireland

1 0.22 Netherlands12 7.6

Belgium18 3.3

Germany99 25

Poland1 0.04

France126 14.7

Luxembourg1 0.13

Czech Republic

3 0.64Slovakia2 0.19Austria

11 2.4Switzerland30 3.8

Hungary1 0.38Slovenia Romania

Bulgaria

Greece

Spain*12 2.5

Portugal3 0.97

Italy44 6.3

Data supplied by CEWEP members and national sources* Includes plant in Andorra

Croatia

Waste-to-Energy in Europe in 2014

treating household and commercial & industrial waste that remains after waste prevention, reuse and recycling

483 plants88.6 M tonnes capacity

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Municipal waste treatment in 2015 EU 28 + Switzerland, Norway and Iceland

Graph by CEWEP, Source: EUROSTAT 2017

* : 2013 data

26%

1% 1% 1% 1% 3%9% 12%

18%23% 24% 26% 30%

42% 44%49% 53% 54% 55% 55%

67% 68% 73%81% 81% 82% 82%

93%

3%

67%

27%

32%

51%44%

53%47%

39%

59%48% 34%

32%

18%

35%21%

18% 13%

21% 18% 14% 12% 12%

3%

11%3%

47%

53%

4%

46%

68%

48%55%

46%52%

58%

33%41%

48% 45%

58%

40%49%

40% 42%

30% 30% 32% 34% 33% 30% 32%

16% 19% 19% 18% 15%7%

53%43%

30%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Landfill Waste-to-Energy Recycling + Composting

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Municipal waste treatment trends 2001-2015 EU 28 Graph by CEWEP, Source: EUROSTAT 2017

Landfilling -30%

Waste-to-Energy +11%

Recycling +18%

5

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Landfill Waste-to-Energy Recycling + composting

Where does Waste-to-Energy stand?

Circular EconomyWaste

toEnergy

Energy Union

Quality Recycling and Material efficiency

Diverting wastefrom landfills

Energy Efficiency

Replacing fossil fuels with Renewables

Sink for pollutants

Local, cost-effective, secure energy

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WtE bottom ash production7

►Key figures (EU)

• 88 million tonnes of waste treated by WtE

• 15-19 million tonnes IBA produced per year

• 2.7 to 3.5 million tonnes CO2 equivalent

emission saving from metal recycling

• 9 to 24 kg of Aluminum per tonne

recovered from bottom ash

Bottom ash: recovery examples 8

Country Use as a secondary construction materialAustria No intention to reuse except as landfill structure material Belgium Use of granulates in road construction, concrete productsDenmark Road subbase and embankments, Filler for marine structures (dams, ports),

Construction material for parking and small building foundations

France 80% of bottom ash recovered in road construction

Germany Road subbase construction, recovery on landfills (roads, shaping) or storage in salt mines

Italy Recovery in cement kilns, road construction, landfill construction

Netherlands Road subbase and embankments, Noise barriers, Foundation material, Concrete products, Landfill prohibited

Portugal Road construction, recovery on landfill sites (as construction layers)Spain Road construction, recovery on landfill sites (as construction layers)Sweden Reuse as landfill covering material UK 55% reused as road material in 2011

Outlook on EU policy

Circular Economy Waste classification Chemical, Product, Waste interface BREF Waste Incineration European Innovation Partnership on Raw Materials (2017 – 2021)

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Circular Economy package 2015

Commission proposal - Amendments to the Waste Framework Directive

To calculate the targets, Member States “may take into account the recycling of metals that takes place in conjunction with incineration in proportion to the share of the municipal waste incinerated provided that the recycled metals meet certain quality requirements”. A common calculation methodology and quality criteria to be adopted by the Commission before 1st July 2019

Supported by European Parliament and Council of the EU

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Waste Classification

Amendment of Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC (WFD) listing hazardous properties -(Regulation1357/2014): HP1 to HP13 and HP15

Amendment on HP14 in separate act (to be published soon in OJ)

Positive development: introduction of recital (7)“ […]. Decision 2000/532/EC provides that, where a hazardous property of waste has been assessed by a test and by using the concentrations of hazardous substances as indicated in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC, the results of the test shall prevail. Furthermore, Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, in particular Article 12(b) and the methodologies for its application, should be taken into account.”

CEWEP and ECN (Dutch research institute) drafted a practical guidance to provideclarity in the classification process with local authorities.

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Presentator

Presentatienotities

COM is working on the guidance on waste classification. This clarification should allow WtE plant operators to deviate from the Commission’s calculation method. Waste classification is not the same as Risk assessment The Maltese Presidency has secured the qualified majority needed to adopt the Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION amending Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the hazardous property HP 14 (ʻEcotoxic’) in the Council. The Commission’s proposal from 19th January 2017 was referred to the Council after it was rejected by the TAC (Technical Adaptation Committee) in its meeting on 25th October 2016. The Council had 2 months to make a decision with qualified majority, otherwise the Commission’s proposal is considered accepted. The Maltese Presidency tabled a compromise proposal on 8th March 2017 which was adopted by a qualified majority of the Member States in written process. The compromise text was submitted to the European Parliament which has still 2 months to take a decision (by 20th May 2017). We understood from the EP that it does not intend to take a decision on the topic, meaning that the attached compromise text will be formally adopted soon and applied 12 months after its publication in the EU Official Journal. Article 12(b) – bioavailability Where, as a result of the evaluation carried out pursuant to Article 9, the following properties or effects are identified, manufacturers, importers and downstream users shall take them into account for the purposes of classification: (a) adequate and reliable information demonstrates that in practice the physical hazards of a substance or a mixture differ from those shown by tests; (b) conclusive scientific experimental data show that the substance or mixture is not biologically available and those data have been ascertained to be adequate and reliable; […]

Chemical, Product, Waste interface

Roadmap (27th January) focusing on: Insufficient information about substances of concern in products and waste Substances of concern in recycled materials/in articles made of recycled materials Uncertainties about how materials can cease to be waste Difficulties in applying EU waste classification and impacts on recyclability of materials

After the recently launched consultation with stakeholders, a communication will bepublished to present the analysis and identify options to facilitate recycling throughpromotion of non-toxic material cycles and better tracking of chemicals of concern inproducts.Indicative planning: 4th quarter 2017

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Presentator

Presentatienotities

Roadmap published on 27th January focusing on: Insufficient information about substances of concern in products and waste Presence of substances of concern in recycled materials and in articles made of recycled materials Uncertainties about how materials can cease to be waste Difficulties in applying EU waste classification methodologies and impacts on the recyclability of materials After the recently launched consultation with stakeholders, a communication will be published. The communication will present the analysis and will identify options to facilitate recycling through promotion of non-toxic material cycles and better tracking of chemicals of concern in products. Addressing the interface of chemical, product and waste legislation is important, for instance, for the classification of waste as hazardous or non-hazardous (e.g. HP14 in relation to bottom ash). Indicative planning: 4th quarter 2017

BREF Waste Incineration

BREF Waste Incineration Draft 1 released 24/05/2017 Covers treatment of slags and/or bottom ashes from the incineration of waste 10 BAT conclusions mentioning bottom ashBAT 11. In order to improve the overall environmental performance of the bottom ash treatment plant, as part of the waste stream management plan (see BAT 1), BAT is to set up and implement an output quality management system.BAT 27. In order to reduce dust emissions to air from the treatment of slags and bottom ashes, BAT is to carry out these activities in enclosed equipment under negative pressure and to treat the extracted air with a bag filter (see Section 5.2.2).BAT 34. In order to reduce emissions to water from flue-gas cleaning and/or from the treatment of slags and bottom ashes, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given below, and to use secondary techniques as close as possible to the source in order to avoid dilution.BAT 35. In order to increase resource efficiency and improve the recovery of useful materials from the incineration residues, BAT is to handle and treat bottom ashes separately from fly ashes and from other FGC residues, and to use a combination of the techniques given below.

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Presentator

Presentatienotities

BAT 4. BAT is to monitor key process parameters relevant for emissions to air and water including those given below. BAT 5. BAT is to monitor emissions to air with at least the frequency given below and in accordance with EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality. BAT 7. BAT is to monitor emissions to water from FGC and/or bottom ash treatment with at least the frequency given below and in accordance with EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality. BAT 8. BAT is to monitor the total organic carbon content of bottom ashes/slags and/or their loss on ignition in accordance with EN 13137 and/or EN 15169. The minimum monitoring frequency is once every three months. BAT 15. In order to improve the overall environmental performance, to reduce the content of unburnt substances in slags and bottom ashes, and to reduce emissions to air from the incineration of waste, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given below. BAT 32. In order to prevent the contamination of uncontaminated water and to reduce emissions to water, BAT is to segregate waste water streams and to treat them separately, depending on the pollutant content

European Innovation Partnership on Raw Materials (2017 – 2021)

The European Innovation Partnership on Raw Materials is a stakeholder platform that brings together representatives from industry, public services, academia and NGOs.

Mission: shaping the EU's future raw materials policy framework

Target 4: Framework conditions for enhanced efficiency in material use and in waste prevention, re-use and recycling, and raw materials efficient product design.

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Presentator

Presentatienotities

Its mission is to provide high-level guidance to the European Commission, Members States and private actors on innovative approaches to the challenges related to raw materials. >> There is a significant potential to improve the circular use of raw materials in the EU economy Moving from the traditional, linear ‘make, use, dispose’ economy to a circular economy is another way to ensure the security of supply. However, while recycling rates for certain materials are relatively high (e.g. for paper and some widely used metals), recycling’s contribution to meeting materials demand is relatively low. This is because demand is higher than what can be met by recycling, or because high-quality recycling is not yet technically or economically feasible. Data on the recycling of WEEE show that only one third of it is officially reported as collected and made available for reuse and recycling. The significant differences in Member States recycling performance show the potential to improve resource efficiency4 . Target 4 (total of 7 targets) Many of the SIP's actions included in the Circular Economy Package The Circular Economy Package includes several SIP actions that will improve framework conditions for waste management. Highlights include landfill restrictions for certain raw materials, higher reuse and recycling targets for municipal and packaging waste, common rules for extended producer responsibility and the inclusion of material efficiency in eco-design. Further integration into the Circular Economy's agenda is likely to improve framework conditions for waste management Further action is required in all areas, especially through agreement in co-decision on the revision of the Waste Framework Directive, the Landfill Directive and the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive, implementation by the Member States of these revisions and implementation by the European Commission and relevant stakeholders of the Circular Economy Action Plan.

Waste-to-EnergyMaximum recycling. Minimum landfill

CEWEPConfederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants

[email protected]

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outlook on wte bottom ash recycling and eu policy · 2006. 2007. 2008. 2009. 2010. 2011. 2012. ......

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