Chapter 13Chapter 13Organizing & Outlining the Speech

Pgs. 255-

261

Kelly Soczka

Kaiser

Why should you write a speech outline?

1. An organized speech, lowers the speaker’s anxiety

2. So that your audience does not get lost (Listeners only have one chance to understand you!)

3. So that the speaker does not get lost

4. Well organized speeches are perceived as more competent and credible because it exhibits your critical thinking skills

3 Parts of a Speech

IntroductionBody Conclusion

Three Types of Outlines

1. Preliminary The basic building blocks

2. Comprehensive This is the one you will turn into the instructor

3. Speaking This one will be written on your notecards

Preliminary Outline

0 Is a scratch outline with just a few key ideas you intend to research

0 Try to include two pieces of supporting material

Comprehensive Outline A detailed outline developed during the

speech writing process that includes: Full Sentences The Introduction – The AGD, Thesis & Preview Body – Main Points, Sub-Points & TransitionsConclusion References – Both in-text citations & Reference

page

Speaking OutlineA brief outline used to jog aperson’s memory during thepresentation.

*Hint: You can write notes to yourself toenhance delivery – i.e. Speak Louder, Pause,Look up.

Guidelines for the Speaking Outline

Use a visual frameworkMake sure it is legibleKeep it as brief as possibleGive yourself speaking clues

Visual FrameworkA pattern of symbolization and

indentation in a speech that shows the

relationships among the speaker’s ideas.

- Indentation

- Roman Numerals, Letters, & Numbers

Example of Visual FrameworkI. Main Point

A. Supporting pointB. Supporting point

1. Sub-supporting point2. Sub-supporting point

a. Sub-sub supporting pointII. Main Point

Main PointsThe major points developed in the body of a speech. Expresses claims & keyideas.

- 2 to 5 Main Points- Only support one idea- Main points should support thesis

Tips for WritingMain Points

1. Keep main points separate – use only one key idea per main point

2. Try to use the same pattern of wording for main points

3. Balance the amount of time devoted to main points

Keep Main Points SeparateExample

Incorrect Correct

I. West Texas has its own Grand Canyon, and South Texas has its own desert.

I. West Texas boasts its own Grand Canyon.

II. South Texas boasts its own desert.

2. Use the same pattern of wording

I. Regular exercise increases endurance.

II. Regular exercise improves your sleeping pattern.

III. Regular exercise helps control your weight.

3. Give equal time to main points.

Incorrect Correct

I. 75%

II. 20%

III. 5%

I. 30%

II. 40%

III. 30%

How can you How can you organize your main

organize your main points?points?

Informative Speech Organizational Patterns

Pgs. 256- 258

Organizational Patterns for Informative Speeches

1. Time Arrangement

2. Spatial Arrangement

3. Cause-Effect Arrangement

4. Topical Arrangement

5. Compare-Contrast Arrangement

Time Arrangement- Organizing your speech based on a time or date -Thesis: Americans believe they have a fundamental right toprivacy.

I. More than a century ago, Justice Louis D. Brandeis called privacy “the right to be alone.”

II. Within a decade, the courts began to recognize the right to privacy.

III. The Supreme Court relied on a privacy rationale in teaching its fundamental and controversial decisions on abortion.

IV. Threats to privacy are abound in today’s society.

Time pattern is also used when explaining a process…

Thesis: There are four main steps to

getting a professional tattoo.

I. First, the hair is shaved…..

II. Second, the main lines are drawn.

III. Third, colored pigments are applied inside the outline….

Spatial

-The main points follow a directionalpattern.-

The main points proceed from

top to bottom, left to right, front to back,

inside to outside, east to west or in some

other route.

Spatial Example

Thesis: A hurricane is made up of three major cloud

formations.

I. At the center of the hurricane is the calm, cloud-free cloud.

II. Surrounding the eye is the eye-wall, a dense ring of clouds that produces the most intense wind and rainfall.

III. Rotating around the eye wall are large bands of swirling clouds.

Cause-Effect- Main points are organized in a cause – effect

relationship. -

This speech has two main points: One dealing with the causes of an event & the other dealing with its effects.

Can appear in reverse order – the effect, then the cause

Cause-EffectExample

I. Caused by the bite of infected

mosquito, West Nile virus is spreading

throughout the U.S.

II. The effects of West Nile Virus include

flu-like symptoms, convulsions, swelling

of the brain and in some cases, death.

Topical

- The main points of the speech divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics -

Speeches that do not fit under any of the other

organizational patterns, usually fall under this

one.

TopicalExample

I. Genetic engineering is producing new plant hybrids that will vastly increase world agricultural production.

II. Genetic engineering is producing breakthroughs in medicine that will allow people to live healthier lives.

III. Genetic engineering is producing bacteria that will help clean up industrial pollutants.

Compare & Contrast-Demonstrates how two things are similar or

different-Thesis: Comparing performance, fuel economy, and reliability can help you decide whether to purchase gas-powered or gas-electric hybrid car.

I.Performance

II.Fuel economy

III.Predicted reliability and battery life

Once you have your main points organized, it is time to add supporting points and materials.

Supporting Points

Represents the supporting material

you gathered to justify the main

points.

Types of Supporting Materials

1. Definitions

2. Statistics/Numbers

3. Examples, Illustrations & Descriptions

4. Testimony

5. Facts

6. Stories

How can you tie your ideas How can you tie your ideas together?together?

By using connectives!

Pg. 261

Connectives

Are words, phrases or sentences that tie

the speech ideas together. They keep the

audience and speaker on track.

Internal Preview & Summaries Restate-Forecast Transitions Rhetorical Questions Signpost Transitions

Internal Previews & Summaries

PreviewsPreviews key points of a section of the body of the speech

Example: I will focus on three solutions…..

SummariesSummarizes or reviews a section just covered to reinforce key on the body of the speech

Example: Let’s pause for a moment to summarize what we have found so far.

Restate-Forecast Transition

States the main point just covered, thenpreviews the next main point. Examplesbelow:

Now that we have explored the ancientorigins of astrology, let us turn to its modernpopularity.

So much for the present; what about thefuture?

Rhetorical Question Transitions

Are questions that do not invite an actual

response. They make the audience think.

Example: How do the costs of contests stack up

against the expense of training new

employees?

Signpost TransitionsBrief phrases that indicate

exactly where you are in a

speech.0Numbers0Focused attention

words

Examples of Signposts

Numbers

The first cause of this

problem is…

The second cause is..

The final cause is..

Focused Attention Words

Finally…

First of all…

Next…

We now turn to….