outline wireless and 911 the old way the new system unique considerations for waps and mats. wap...
TRANSCRIPT
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Outline
• Wireless and 911• The old way• The new system• Unique
Considerations for WAPs and MATs.
• WAP design conditions• Mobile Terminal design
conditions• We got the performance
we had hoped for
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Wireless & 9-11-2001SIGNIFICANT EVENTS• Security awareness increases – TSA • Security Vulnerability Assessment Completed
TECHNOLOGY DIFFICULTIES• IP Ethernet Switches from the Power Utility Industry migrated into
the Transportation world• MPEG 2 and MPEG 4 standards emerging• Handheld computers attain GHz Pentium class• No wireless standards• Intelligent video is a military deployment only• Video recorders are not VCRs and • Video on demand is waiting for terrabyte storage drives
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Project History• Security Vulnerability Assessment -- 2001• Gaming and Grants activities -- 2003• Design Consultant selected -- 2004• Design completed -- 2005• Construction completed -- 2006• Next upgrade expected -- 2008
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St. Pete in 2003The old system
•15-year old access control system•Equipment no longer manufactured •Upgrades available at 50% more than new•Copper-based communications•Some MMFO cable•Video done on a “homerun” basis and reviewed only occasionally
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St. Pete 2006The new system
This Technology was not available in 2001• MM fiber for terminal SM fiber outside (F)• New access control system (T)• New Ethernet Layer 3 Switch (T)• New Ethernet Layer 2 switches (T)• New Intelligent Video application (F)• New mobile access terminals (MATs) (T)• New Wireless access points (WAPs) (T)
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What Changed?
• Attitude
• Technology
• Cost
• Staff availability
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Attitude Changed
• All Department of Defense wired and wireless networks should deploy 24x7 wireless monitoring and intrusion detection systems that are NIAP common criteria certified. – US DoD, June 2006
• Department of Transportation is now part of Homeland Security
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Technology Change - FIBER
• All dielectric• 3 frequencies • Lots of experienced
Contractors• New installation methods• Reduced cost• Internet Protocols
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Technology Change Access Control
• Badge operations• Database management• Provision for biometrics• Smart card encryption• Proximity card concept• Intelligent video • Communications
improvements
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Technology Change - Layer 3
• Permits virtual LAN
• Hosts need only deal with messages in VLAN
• Routes messages between VLANs
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Technology Change - Layer 2
• Permits connecting devices in spanning tree rings at under $1000
• Relieves devices of message overhead• Permits fiber with non-fiber devices• Up to 74ºF)
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Technology Change Mobile Terminal
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Technology ChangeCentral Control Room
• Rugged enough for outdoor
• Ergonomic • Flat screens• Dual screens• Computers built-in• Noise and air
conditioning considerations
• Lighting built-in
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Conceptual Diagram
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Changes in Concept• IP
• Fully digital
• Distributed intelligence – Control room– Controllers in field– Devices
• Windows, Corba
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IEEE Standards have changed802.11 Working Groups
Number Description Number Description
802.11 a 5.0 GHz 1999 802.11 n 100Mbps throughput 2007
802.11 b 2.4 GHz 1999 802.11 o Reserved
802.11 c Wireless Bridge 2001 802.11 p WAVE
802.11 d International 2001 802.11 q Reserved
802.11 e QoS 2005 802.11 r VOIP 2007
802.11 f AP Interoperability 2003 802.11 s Mesh Networks
802.11 g 2.4 GHz 2003 802.11 t Wireless Performance
802.11 h 802.11a Intl 2003 802.11 u Interworking non 802
802.11 i Security 2004 802.11 v Wireless Network Mgmt
802.11 j 802.11a Japan 2004 802.11 w Protected Mgmt Frames (Security)
802.11 k Radio Mgmt 2005 802.11 x Not yet
802.11 l Reserved 802.11 y 3.65-3.7 GHz for 802.11
802.11 m Standards Maintenance 802.11 z Not yet
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MPEG Standardshave changed
• MPEG 2 requires 3-5 MBPS and is full motion. When the client sees it, the client loves it. It costs more.
• MPEG 4.6.2 requires less than 1.54 MBPS and can be reprogrammed to look like motion pictures for short periods of time. It costs less.
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Why Wireless?• Roving patrols see what only operators once saw
• CCTV verifies conditions before the responder arrives
• Authorization is checked as the patrol moves toward the alarmed condition
• Less staff is required• Database can be either forensically sound or not• The control center moves to the field
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Wireless Network Access Point
• Permits mobile network access
• Adds complexity
• Security concern
• Slow message rates
• Requires proper design– Eliminate dead zones– Eliminate interference
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Why Not Wireless?
• Rogue Access Points
• Sniffing – WEP cracking
• Masquerading – Evil Twin
• Insertion – Man in the middle attack
• Denial of Service – Jamming
• Viruses
• Hot spot attacks
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WiFi / WiMAX 2005
• WiFi – 100 feet good for personal access network– 802.11a 5 GHz and 54 Mbps– 802.11b 2.4 GHz and 11 Mbps– 802.11g 2.4 GHz and 54 Mbps
• WiMAX 300 miles Standard due in 2007 good for metropolitan area network– 802.16e-2004 QoS, Mobile Fixed
5 GHz unlicensed
10-66 GHz licensed
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Will WiMAX replace WiFi/3GPP?
• Ubiquity• Development• Breadth of application• Nokia and Intel finalizing standard 802.16e• Cisco says WiMAX is a poor business
model but supports it.• 3GPP will coexist with WiMAX and the two
will suppress need for WiFi--Cisco
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The practical solution
• Radio Frequency Study to determine how to eliminate interference -- $25K
• Deployment tools to make sure that field strength is optimal -- $25K
• WAP cost -- $1500
• Put in 4 times as many WAPs as you need.
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What we caught because of Intelligent Video
• Tenant jumped the gate
• Airport documented the action in video
• Airport warned and cited the violator
• Airport let the tenant see that there was no room to dispute
• Tenant accepted penalty
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What we get from a MAT
• The ability to rove
• Staff can multi-task
• Video documentation is a button away
• Quicker delivery of staff and other resources
• Access to networks from airports, etc.
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The problem - solution
• Wireless coverage • Metal• Foil Walls• Small antennae• Hackers• Speed for video• Memory• IT vs Engineering• Previous successes
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Metal – Foil Walls
The solution
• Design self-dampening antennae fields
• More WAPs
The problem
• Neighbors
• Holes in reception
• Signing off
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A PDA or Computer?• This slide will be dated
within a year
• PDA can’t handle 3 MBPS
• Antenna is 2 to 4”
• PDA has specialized software for email, text messaging
• Technology genera-tions are > 2 years
• OQO could handle streaming video
• Antenna is 6 to 12” with extension to
18”
• OQO could emulate a Blackberry
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Handling Hackers
• Wireless is susceptible to incursion
• Firewall is not enough
• Field strength must resolve conflict not create it
• Making it a less than once in a life time event
• Encryption is possible and required
• Field strength can be designed and “tweaked” with WAPs
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An Institutional Issue
• IT does – Email– Internet– Phone
• IT does not do– Real time– Human safety– Security
• Engineering does– Real time– Human safety– IP Phone
• Engineering does not– Email– Internet
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Previous Successes• Because the technology is only 1-2 years old
• Because the designers are still gaining experience
• Because the telecommunications explosion interferes
• Because the rules since 911 are unweildy
There are only a few successes to report.
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Summary
• Attitude, Technology, Cost & Staff size changing rapidly
• Wireless becoming common• Wireless introduces liability/vulnerability• Proper design can “sure up” the application
reasonably.
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