outline of greek history

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Outline Of Greek History



Prehistory

Mycenaean Greece (c.

1600 BC – c. 1100 BC) is

a cultural period of

Bronze Age, taking its

name from thearchaeological site of

Mycenae in the southern

Greece, which was one of

the major centers of Greek civilization, a

military stronghold ,the

head of the Greek world.



Prehistory

The last phase of the

Bronze Age in Ancient

Greece is the historical

setting of much ancientGreek literature and

myth, including the

epics of Homer.



Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece is thecivilization belonging to theperiod of Greek history lastingfrom the Archaic period of the8th to 6th centuries BC up to

the end of antiquity andbeginning of the Early MiddleAges. At the center of this timeperiod is Classical Greece,which flourished during the 5thto 4th centuries BC, at first

under the Athenian leadershipsuccessfully repelling themilitary threat of Persianinvasion.



Ancient Greece

The Athenian Golden Age

ends with the defeat of

Athens at the hands of Sparta

in the Peloponnesian War in

404 BC. Following the

conquests of Alexander theGreat, Hellenistic civilization

flourished from Central Asia

to the western end of the

Mediterranean Sea.



Classical Greek culture had a powerful influence on the

Roman Empire, which carried a version of it to many parts

of the Mediterranean region and Europe .Classical Greece

is generally considered to be the seminal culture which

provided the foundation of Western civilization



Roman Greece



Roman Greece is the period of Greek history ,following the

Roman victory over the Corinthians at the Battle of Corinth

in 146 BC until the reestablishment of the city of Byzantium

and the naming of the city Constantinople by the Emperor Constantine as the capital of the Roman Empire in 330 AD.



Greece was the key eastern province of the Roman Empire, as the

Roman culture had long been in fact Greco-Roman. The Greek

language served as a lingua franca in the East and in Italy, and many

Greek intellectuals would perform most of their work in Rome.Several

emperors contributed new buildings to Greek cities, especially in theAthenian agora



The epics of Homer inspired the Aeneid of Virgil, and

authors wrote using Greek style. Most Roman emperors

tended to be philhellenic.



At the same time Greece and much of the rest of the Roman east came

under the influence of Early Christianity. The apostle Paul of Tarsus

had preached in Corinth and Athens, and Greece soon became one of

the most highly Christianized areas of the empire. During the Byzantine

period many standards were set for the Orthodox Church



Byzantium

Greece remained part of the eastern half of theEmpire, and eventuallybecame the center of the

remaining RomanEmpire, the ByzantineEmpire. Between the 4thand 7th centuries AD,Greece may have been

one of the mosteconomically activeregions in the easternMediterranean.



For one thousand years the Byzantine

Empire was one of the most powerful

military, economic and cultural forces

throughout Europe,meeting its downfall in

1204 when Constantinople was seized by

the Crusaders from the west and thespoils divided up amongst the victors.

Parts of Greece were given away to

western leaders while strategic coastalareas were taken over by the trading

Venetians.

The restoration of the Byzantine Empirewas attempted in 1262 only to be

dismantled again by the Turks culminatingin its complete destruction in 1453. Thisperiod in Greek history saw its absorptioninto the Ottoman Empire, beginning with

the capture of Constantinople in 1453.



Ottoman

The Ottoman empirewent on to flourish inGreece for four hundredyears and it was notuntil the Greek War of Independence (1821-1829) that it was finally

ousted.



Independence

Greece was the first

country to secure its

independence from the

Turkish occupation. After

a long and bloodyconflict, in 1830 an

independent Greek

kingdom was formed

which was finally ratifiedby the Treaty of

Constantinople in July

1832.



This kingdom however

did not cover all of

modern day Greece. The

struggle for liberation of

all the regions of Greekspeaking people

continued right up to the

end of the Second World

War.



World War II

Despite the country'snumerically small and ill-equipped armed forces,Greece made a decisive

contribution to the Alliedefforts in World War II. At thestart of the war Greece sidedwith the Allies and refused togive in to Italian demands.

Italy invaded Greece by wayof Albania on 28 October 1940, but Greek troopsrepelled the invaders after abitter struggle.



To secure his strategic southern flank, Germandictator Adolf Hitler reluctantly stepped in and

launched the Battle of Crete. It is argued that if

the German invasion of the Soviet Union had

started on 20 May 1941 instead of 22 June1941, the Nazi assault against the Soviet Union

might have succeeded. The heavy losses of

German paratroopers led the Germans to launch

no further large-scale air-invasions.



Resistance



During these years,thousands of Greeks died in direct

combat, in concentration camps, or of starvation. The

occupiers murdered the greater part of the Jewish

community despite efforts by the Greek Orthodox Church

and many other Christian Greeks to shelter the Jews. The

economy of Greece was devastated. The German

occupation of Greece ended in October 1944.



In the 1950s and 1960s, Greece

developed rapidly.



Dictatorship

In 1967 the Greek military overthrew the government

while the military officers(such as Papadopoulos or

Patakos) put themselves violently in charge of the

country for 7 years. From 1967 until 1974 the Greeks

were forbidden to meet after 9.00 pm,to listen to theradio, to walk in the street without a partner, to go

against the military junta as it was called, through any

ways because that would mean their imprisonment or

death and were forced not to speak about social andpolitical changes as they would certainly be imprisoned

to say the least.



The dictatorship came to an end when the students of the

Polytechnic School revolted and among them the whole

country upraised, though unfortunately a lot of young

people were murdered during the military attacks.

O 23 J l 1974 th G k ilit j t ll d fO 23 J l 1974 th G k ilit j t ll d f



On 23 July 1974 the Greek military junta collapsed for one

more reason : the events in Cyprus.The Turks invaded

Cyprus and since then the island has been devided and the

demographic structure of Cyprus has changed illegally with

violation of human rights

On 23 July 1974 the Greek military junta collapsed for one

more reason : the events in Cyprus.The Turks invaded

Cyprus and since then the island has been devided and the

demographic structure of Cyprus has changed illegally with

violation of human rights



Since 1975, Greece has been a

“presidential parliamentary republic”.



Modern Greece

On 1 January

1981, Greece

became the 10th

member of theEuropean

Community (now

the EuropeanUnion).



The Athens Olympics of 2004 was one of the best

Olympics ever made,as the Games returned to Greece,

their birthplace .



While our eurozone peers had expressed their concern

about the state of the Greek economy for years, it wasn't

until the global financial crisis hit that the depth of the

problem was revealed.



After 15 consecutive years of economic growth, Greece

entered recession in 2009. Greece's economy has been in

a mostly downward spiral since the country joined the euroin 2001

G k t h d t it



Greek government has passed severe austerity measures

in order to get out of the crisis and thousands of Greek

"Indignants" have protested outside parliament for more

than 30 days



Although there is the fear of our country’s bankrupcy ,we

strongly believe that “Greece will finally reborn from its

ashes” and go ahead .



Created by : Panagiotis GaravelasKostas Makris

Music by : Nikos Skalkottas

outline of greek history

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