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Art

NOUN:

1. Human effort to imitate, supplement, alter, or counteract the work ofnature.

2. a. The conscious production orarrangement of sounds, colors, forms,movements, or other elements inamanner that affects the sense of

beauty, specifically the production of the beautiful inagraphic orplasticmedium.

b. The study of these activities.c. The product of these activities; human works of beauty considered as a

group.

3. High quality of conception or execution, as found in works of beauty; aestheticvalue.

4. A field or category ofart, such as music, ballet, orliterature.5. A nonscientific branch oflearning; one of the liberalarts.6.

a. A system ofprinciples and methods employed in the performance ofaset ofactivities: the art of building.

b. A trade or craft that applies such a system ofprinciples and methods: theart of the lexicographer.

7.a. Skill that is attained by study, practice, or observation: the art of the

baker; the blacksmith's art.

b. Skillarising from the exercise of intuitive faculties: "Self-criticism is anart not many are qualified to practice"(Joyce Carol Oates).

8.a. arts Artful devices, stratagems, and tricks.

b. Artful contrivance; cunning.

9. PrintingIllustrative material.

ETYMOLOGY:Middle English, from Old French, from Latinars, art-; see ar- in Indo-European

roots

SYNONYMS:

art1, craft, expertise, knack, know-how, technique

These nouns denote skill in doing orperforming that is attained by study, practice, orobservation: the art of rhetoric; pottery that reveals an artist's craft; political

expertise; a knack for teaching; mechanical know-how; a precise diving technique.

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Outline of Art History

PREHISTORIC 30,000 - 3000 BC (BCE)

Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) 30,000 - 10,000 BC

Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) 10,000 - 8000 BC

Neolithic (New Stone Age) 8000 - 3000 BC

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ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS 3000 BC - 331 BC (BCE)

Egyptian Art 3200 - 1070 BC

Amarna Art 1370 - 1340 BC

Mesopotamian Art 3500 - 331 BC

Sumerian/Akkadian 3500 - 1750 BCAssyrian/Neo-Babylonian 1000 - 539 BC

Persian 539 - 331 BC

Aegean Art 3000 - 1100 BC

Minoan (Crete) 3000 - 1475 BC

Mycenean (Greece) 1650 - 1100 BC

Greek Art 800 - 323 BC

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NON WESTERN

Shang Dynasty, China 1766 - 1045 BC

Zhou Dynasty, China 1045 - 256 BC

CLASSIC CIVILIZATIONS 800 BC - 337 AD (BCE-CE)

Hellenistic Art 323-150 BC

Etruscan Art 6th - 5th century BC

Roman Art 509 BC - 337 AD

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NON WESTERN

Olmec, Mexico 800 BC - 600 AD

Zapotec, Mexico 100 - 200 AD

Gandhara, India 2nd - 3rd century AD

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MIDDLE AGES 373 - 1453 AD (CE)

Celtic, Saxon, & Hiberno 200 - 732 AD

Byzantine Art 400 - 1453 AD

Justinian 527 - 565 AD

Islamic Art 622 - 900 AD

Carolingian Art 732 - 900 AD

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Ottonian Art 900 - 1050 AD

Romanesque Style 1000 - 1140 AD

Gothic Style 1140 - 1500 AD

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NON-WESTERN

Gupta, India 320 - 647 AD

Mayan, Mexico 300 - 1500 AD

Tang, China 618 - 907 AD

Nara, Japan 645 - 791 AD

Song, China 960 - 1279 AD

Kamakura, Japan 1185 - 1333 AD

Aztec, Mexico 1350 - 1520 AD

Inca, Peru 1100 - 1532 AD

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RENAISSANCE 1400 - 1800 AD (CE)

Renaissance: Italy 1400 - 1600 ADRenaissance: Europe 1500 - 1600 AD

Baroque 1600 - 1700 AD

Rococo 1700 - 1750 AD

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NON-WESTERN

Ming, China 1368 - 1644 AD

Muromachi, Japan 1392 - 1573 AD

Benin, Africa 1550 - 1680 AD

Edo, Japan 1615 - 1868 AD

Qing, China 1644 - 1912 AD

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PRE-MODERN 1800 - 1880 AD (CE)

Neo-Classicism 1750 - 1880 AD

(USA: Federal/Greek Revival)

(Canada: Georgian Style)

Romanticism 1800 - 1880 AD

(Canada: Victorian)

Realism 1830's - 1850's AD

Impressionism 1870's - 1890's AD

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MODERNISM 1880 - 1945 AD (CE)

Post Impressionism 1880 - 1900 AD

Expressionism 1900 - 1920 AD

Fauvism 1900 - 1920 AD

Cubism 1907 - 1914 AD

Dada 1916 - 1922 AD

Bauhaus 1920s - 1940's AD

Harlem Renaissance 1920s - 1940's AD

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Surrealism 1924 1920s - 1940's AD

International Style 1920s - 1940's AD

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MODERN & POST-MODERN 1945 AD - Present (CE)

Abstract Expressionism 1945 - 1960 AD

Op Art 1960s AD

Pop Art 1960s AD

Minimal Art 1960s AD

New Realism 1970s - 1980s AD

Conceptual Art 1970s - 1980s AD

Performance Art 1970s - 1980s AD

Neo-Expressionism 1980s - 1990s AD

Computer Art 1980s - 1990s AD

Post-Modern Classicism 1980s - 1990s AD

Victorian Revival 1980s - 1990s AD