List of Outdoor Telecom Equipments used at a cell site

GOLAMList of Outdoor Telecom Equipments used at a cell site

1GOLAM SAHID AZAMGolam Sahid AzamINTRODUCTION.2Today India is flooded with cell phones & smart phones.It so common now a days that the AAM ADMI also owns it.India is having the 2nd highest subscriber in the world after China.It has also the many operators.Operators erect towers to provide coverage to the people.This presentation shows few equipments which is used in telecom sites.Index

3Outdoor equipmentsslide no. 3

Pole mounts slide no. 4-6

EGB... slide no. 7-9

Antenna . slide no. 10-23

RF cable.. slide no. 24-30

Outdoor EquipmentsPole mounts

External Grounding Bar(EGB)

Antenna (Panel)

RF Cable

41. POLE MOUNTSUSES : To install GSM Panel Antenna on the Tower.To install MICROWAVE Antenna on the Tower.

WHY DO WE FIX ANTENNAS ON POLE MOUNTS?To remove UNWANTED UP TILT, which happens due to the design of tower.To remove UNWANTED SHAKE in the Antenna during storms, cyclones & strong winds.To install Antenna at ANY HEIGHT of the tower.To install MULTIPLE ANTENNA (not more than 3) at a same height.

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TYPES OF POLE MOUNTSGSM/PANEL POLE MOUNTSingle GSM Pole Mount- Single GSM Antenna is attachedDual GSM Pole Mount- 2 GSM Antenna is attachedTriple GSM Pole Mount- 3 GSM Antenna is attached

MICROWAVE POLE MOUNT One or two Small MICROWAVE ANTENNA are attached on a single pole mount6

Difference between GSM & MW pole mount.GSM pole mountMW pole mountLength of pole is 3m.Diameter of the pole is 3 inch.Brackets are adjustable.Thickness of the pole is 3-4 mm.Lighter in weight.Length of pole is upto 1m.Diameter of the pole is 5-6 inch.Brackets are fixed.Thickness of the pole is greater than 5mm.Heavier in weight.

72. EXTERNAL GROUNDING BAR(EGB)It is also called as OUTDOOR GROUNDING BAR.Material used are tinned Cu, Cu, G.I.Standard Dimensions are 300 X 100 X 10 mm & 225 X 75 X 6 mm.

USES: It is used as a junction point to connect all the equipments to the ground.

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Location of EGB in a telecom site.

EGB is located behind the cable tray on the wall of outer shelter.

SPECIAL CASES:CASE 1: We may find EGB on the tower.CASE 2: It may be absent on the tower. In this case equipments are connected with the tower body & finally the tower body is grounded to the Earth pits as shown in the fig.shelterEGBCable trayGrounding cable 35 sq mm yellow greenEarth Pits9

Routing of grounding cable from EBG to Earth pits.No upward routing.It should follow the shortest path.No right angled curve.BEGBBEGBBEGBBEGB103. ANTENNAAntenna is basically a transducer. It converts electrical energy into electromagnetic energy & vise versa .It is a Passive Device.

Specification of GSM Panel Antenna.The ports size is 7/8 inch Female Co-axial.It has 50 impedence.

11CLASSFICATION OF GSM PANEL ANTENNAAccording to frequency band.

According to number of port.

According to antenna polarization.

According to beam width.

According to direction of radiation.

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ACCORDING TO FREQUENCY BANDi.Single band antenna.GSM 900, GSM 1800, CDMA 850, UMTS 2100, LTE, WIMAX.

Dual band antenna. GSM 900+GSM 1800GSM 1800+CDMA 850CDMA 850+UMTS 2100So on

Triple band antenna. GSM 900+GSM 1800+CDMA 850GSM 1800+CDMA 850+UMTS 2100CDMA 850+UMTS 2100+ LTESo on

Single band GSM 900MHZ antenna 13

B. ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF PORTSSingle Port AntennaOnly single band Antenna.

Dual Port AntennaCannot support dual Band.Hence, Only single band Antenna.

Single port Antenna7/8 Female co-axial Port

Single band GSM 900MHZ antenna

2 ports Antenna14 Quad Port Antennaalways supports dual band.Supports combination any 2 frequency band.

Hex Port Antennaalways supports tri band.Supports combination any 3 frequency band.

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C. ACCORDING TO ANTENNA POLARIZATIONPOLARIZATION: It is the vertical orientation of electrical particle at 45 angle.

Single polarized antenna

Dual polarized antenna

- 45

45

45 45

+ 45

+ 45

+ 45

- 45 - 45

163.Cross polarized antennaSingle port can never be crossed polarizedDual port antenna are crossed polarized.

+ 45 -45

17D. ACCORDING TO BEAM WIDTHBeam width is the horizontal orientation of antenna.Most commonly used beam width is 65 & 360.360 beam width Antenna is used in IBS Site & underground Metro station.

18E. ACCORDING TO DIRECTION OF RADIATIONOmni-directional Antenna mostly used in IBS Site & underground Metro station.360 radiation pattern.

192.Bi-directional AntennaUsed for highway coverage

20highwayBi-directional antennaUni-directional AntennaIt radiates in single direction only.Most commonly used.65 beam width used.

21ANTENNA TILTUp tiltDown tilt

1. Mechanical tilt Range= 0 -- 152. Electrical tiltRange= 0 -- 10

A. Down tilt

TILT22Mechanical tilt

Mechanical down tilt

Decreases coverageMechanical up tilt

Increases coverage23GSM ANTENNA MANUFACTURERSKATHREIN world leader in panel antennas.Germany based company.

ANDREW2nd largest manufacturer after Kathrein.USA based company.

KAVVERI TELECOMLess used because of its high cost.AT&T USA operator is its Client.Indian based company, HQ at Madurai, T.N

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TRANSMISSION LINETRANSMISSION LINE: A cable which connects two equipments or antenna with the equipments is called a transmission line.

RF CABLE is known as FEEDER CABLE, RF LINE, Antenna line.PCM/IF LINERF LINEEquipmentEquipmentEquipmentantenna25TRANSMISSION LINEPhysically Transmission Line ca be divided into two types:Co-axial Cable:It has impedance of 75.Eg- BNC, TNC, SMZ, SMB, RG-6.

Twisted pair or parallel pair:It has impedance of 120.Eg- Cat 5, ribbon cable, yagi-uda antenna cable.

26Feeder cable or RF cable.The cable used to connect the antenna with the BTS is called feeder cable.It consists of 4 layers, i.e. outer insulation- it is black in colour & made up of hard rubber.Outer core- it is a solid cylindrical sinusoidal tube made up of pure Cu.Soft insulation- it is a whitish colour made up of foam.Inner core- it a a HOLLOW tube, made up of pure Cu.Size= 7/8 inch or 5/4 inch.Impedence = 50

Inner coreSoft insulationOuter coreOuter insulation27Why inner core of Rf cable is hollow? to save cost as Cu is very costly.Due to its hollow structure surface area of the conductor increases, so the current carrying capacity will increase, hence conductivity also increases while resistance decreases.It makes the wire flexible to bend.It should be noted that the bending radius of Rf cable should be greater than 300mm.

28Manufacturer of RF Cable.Andrew(largest manufacturer)Nokia HelixAmphenolTelegartnerSurbhi( Indian manufacturer)

29Aluminium RF CableThe specification is same as Cu feeder cable, but the difference is only in the outer core.The outer core is made up of Al with silver foil.There is no sinusoidal structure in the outer core.Less flexible than Cu feeder cable.It comes only in 7/8 inch size.Impedence = 50

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Leaky cableIt comes in the size of 5/4 inch.It behaves like a omni-directional antenna.Hence, it is used to give coverage in underground long tunnels & metro railway tunnels & long corridors.No antenna is used in this cable, only dummy load in given at the end of cable.

31Thank you..32