outdoor activities vii4

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Outdoor activities activities Tamara Tamara M M iljkovi iljkovi ć ć Ivana Miljković Ivana Miljković Jelena Vujić Jelena Vujić Jovana Miljković Jovana Miljković Ivana Šaranović Ivana Šaranović Zorana Knežević Zorana Knežević

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Page 1: Outdoor activities VII4

Outdoor Outdoor activitiesactivities

Tamara Tamara MMiljkoviiljkovićć

Ivana MiljkovićIvana Miljković

Jelena VujićJelena Vujić

Jovana MiljkovićJovana Miljković

Ivana ŠaranovićIvana Šaranović

Zorana KneževićZorana Knežević

Page 2: Outdoor activities VII4

CONTENTCONTENT

• ClimbingClimbing• SailingSailing• CanoeingCanoeing• SnowboardingSnowboarding• SkateboardingSkateboarding• SurfingSurfing• Bungee-jumpingBungee-jumping• Scuba-divingScuba-diving• ZorbingZorbing

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CLIMBINGCLIMBING

• Sport climbing is a form ofSport climbing is a form of rock climbing that rock climbing that relies on permanent anchors fixed to the rock,and relies on permanent anchors fixed to the rock,and possibly bolts,for protection,(in contrast with possibly bolts,for protection,(in contrast with traditional climbing,where the rock is typically traditional climbing,where the rock is typically devoid of fixed anchors ahd bolts,and where devoid of fixed anchors ahd bolts,and where climbers must place removable protection as they climbers must place removable protection as they climb).Since the need to place protection is climb).Since the need to place protection is virtually eliminated,sport climbing places an virtually eliminated,sport climbing places an emphasis on gymastic-like ability,strength,and emphasis on gymastic-like ability,strength,and endurance-as opposed to the adventure ,risk and endurance-as opposed to the adventure ,risk and self-sufficieney which characterize traditional self-sufficieney which characterize traditional climbing.Since artificial means are used primarily climbing.Since artificial means are used primarily for safety rather than to make upward for safety rather than to make upward progress,sport climbing is considered a form of progress,sport climbing is considered a form of free climbing.free climbing.

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SailingSailing

• Sailing Sailing is theis the propulsion propulsion of a of a vehicle and the control of its vehicle and the control of its movement with large (usually movement with large (usually fabric) foils calledfabric) foils called sails sails. By . By changing thechanging the rigging rigging,,rudderrudder, and , and sometimes the sometimes the keelkeel or or centreboardcentreboard, a , a sailorsailor manages the manages the force of the force of the wind wind on the sails in on the sails in order to move the vessel relative order to move the vessel relative to its surrounding medium to its surrounding medium (typically water, but also (typically water, but also landland and and iceice) and change its direction and ) and change its direction and speed. Mastery of the skill speed. Mastery of the skill requires experience in varying requires experience in varying wind and sea conditionswind and sea conditions, as well , as well as knowledge concerning as knowledge concerning sailboatssailboats themselves and an themselves and an understanding of one's understanding of one's surroundings.surroundings.

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CanoeingCanoeing

• CanoeingCanoeing is a paddle sport in which you is a paddle sport in which you kneel or sit facing forward in an open-decked kneel or sit facing forward in an open-decked canoecanoe, and propel yourself with a single-, and propel yourself with a single-bladed bladed paddlepaddle, under your own power. , under your own power. Kayaking Kayaking is a similar activity in a is a similar activity in a kayakkayak which which usually has a closed deck and is propelled usually has a closed deck and is propelled with a double bladed paddle. In a kayak the with a double bladed paddle. In a kayak the paddler typically sits with legs extended paddler typically sits with legs extended

forward.forward.

canoecanoe

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SNOWBOARDINGSNOWBOARDING• SnowboardingSnowboarding is a winter sport that involves descending a slope that is is a winter sport that involves descending a slope that is

covered with snow while standing on a board attached to a rider's feet, covered with snow while standing on a board attached to a rider's feet, using a special boot set onto a mounted binding. The development of using a special boot set onto a mounted binding. The development of snowboarding was inspired by snowboarding was inspired by skateboardingskateboarding, , sleddingsledding, , surfingsurfing and and skiingskiing. It was developed in the . It was developed in the United StatesUnited States in the 1960s and became a in the 1960s and became a WinterWinter Olympic SportOlympic Sport in 1998. In 2002 competitive snowboarders formed in 1998. In 2002 competitive snowboarders formed the World Snowboard Tour the World Snowboard Tour ..

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SKATEBOARDINGSKATEBOARDING

• SkateboardingSkateboarding is an is an action action sportsport which involves riding and which involves riding and performing tricks using a performing tricks using a skateboardskateboard. Skateboarding can . Skateboarding can also be considered a also be considered a recreational activity, an art recreational activity, an art form, a form, a jobjob, or a method of , or a method of transportatio.transportatio.Skateboarding Skateboarding has been shaped and has been shaped and influenced by many influenced by many skateboarders throughout the skateboarders throughout the years. A 2002 report found that years. A 2002 report found that there were 18.5 million there were 18.5 million skateboarders in the world. skateboarders in the world. 85% of skateboarders polled 85% of skateboarders polled who had used a board in the who had used a board in the last year were under the age of last year were under the age of 18, and 74% were 18, and 74% were malemale..Skateboarding is Skateboarding is relatively modern. Since the relatively modern. Since the 1970s, 1970s, skateparksskateparks have been have been constructed specifically for use constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, bikers and by skateboarders, bikers and inline skatersinline skaters..

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SURFINGSURFING• SurfingSurfing is a surface water sport in which the is a surface water sport in which the

wave rider, referred to as a "surfer," rides on wave rider, referred to as a "surfer," rides on the forward face of a the forward face of a wavewave, which is most often , which is most often carrying the surfer towards shore. Waves carrying the surfer towards shore. Waves suitable for surfing are found primarily in the suitable for surfing are found primarily in the ocean, but can be found in some locean, but can be found in some lakesakes, in rivers , in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore. in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore. Surfing can also be done in manmade sources Surfing can also be done in manmade sources such as wave pools and boat wakes. The term such as wave pools and boat wakes. The term "surfing" refers to the act of riding a wave and "surfing" refers to the act of riding a wave and not the form (with or without a board) in which not the form (with or without a board) in which the wave is ridden. For instance, the native the wave is ridden. For instance, the native peoples of the Pacific surfed waves on alaia, peoples of the Pacific surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such crafts on their belly, paipo, and other such crafts on their belly, knees, and feet. Not to mention, knees, and feet. Not to mention, BodysurfingBodysurfing, , the act of surfing a wave without a board, is the act of surfing a wave without a board, is considered by some to be the purest form of considered by some to be the purest form of surfing. That much said, the more modern day surfing. That much said, the more modern day definition of surfing tends to refer to when a definition of surfing tends to refer to when a surfer rides a wave standing up on a surfboard, surfer rides a wave standing up on a surfboard, which is referred to as stand-up surfing or which is referred to as stand-up surfing or paddleboarding. Although, another prominent paddleboarding. Although, another prominent form of surfing in the ocean today includes form of surfing in the ocean today includes bodyboarding, which refers to when a surfer bodyboarding, which refers to when a surfer rides a wave either on the belly, dropknee, or rides a wave either on the belly, dropknee, or stand-up on a bodyboard. Not to mention, knee stand-up on a bodyboard. Not to mention, knee boarding, surfmatting (riding inflatable mats), boarding, surfmatting (riding inflatable mats), foils, bodysurfing, and so forth. foils, bodysurfing, and so forth.

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BUNGEE-JUMPINGBUNGEE-JUMPING• Bungee jumpingBungee jumping (pron.: (pron.:

/ˈbʌndʒiː/; also spelt "Bungy" /ˈbʌndʒiː/; also spelt "Bungy" jumping) is an activity that jumping) is an activity that involves jumping from a tall involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a structure while connected to a large elastic cord. The tall large elastic cord. The tall structure is usually a fixed structure is usually a fixed object, such as a building, object, such as a building, bridge or crane; but it is also bridge or crane; but it is also possible to jump from a possible to jump from a movable object, such as a hot-movable object, such as a hot-air-balloon or helicopter, that air-balloon or helicopter, that has the ability to hover above has the ability to hover above the ground. The thrill comes the ground. The thrill comes from the free-falling and the from the free-falling and the rebound. When the person rebound. When the person jumps, the cord stretches and jumps, the cord stretches and the jumper flies upwards again the jumper flies upwards again as the cord recoils, and as the cord recoils, and continues to oscillate up and continues to oscillate up and down until all the energy is down until all the energy is dissipated. dissipated.

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SCUBA-DIVINGSCUBA-DIVING• Scuba divingScuba diving is a form of underwater diving in is a form of underwater diving in

which a diver uses a scuba set to breathe which a diver uses a scuba set to breathe underwater.underwater.

• Unlike earlier diving, which relied either on breath-Unlike earlier diving, which relied either on breath-hold or on air pumped from the surface, scuba hold or on air pumped from the surface, scuba divers carry their own source of breathing gas, divers carry their own source of breathing gas, (usually compressed air),allowing them greater (usually compressed air),allowing them greater freedom of movement than with an air line. Both freedom of movement than with an air line. Both surface supplied and scuba diving allow divers to surface supplied and scuba diving allow divers to stay underwater significantly longer than with stay underwater significantly longer than with breath-holding techniques as used in free-diving.breath-holding techniques as used in free-diving.

• A scuba diver usually moves around underwater by A scuba diver usually moves around underwater by using swimfins attached to the feet, but external using swimfins attached to the feet, but external propulsion can be provided by a diver propulsion propulsion can be provided by a diver propulsion vehicle, or a sled pulled from the surface.vehicle, or a sled pulled from the surface.

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ZORBINGZORBING• ZorbingZorbing ( (globe-ridingglobe-riding, , sphereingsphereing, , orbingorbing) is the recreation or ) is the recreation or

sport of rolling downhill inside an orb, generally made of transparent sport of rolling downhill inside an orb, generally made of transparent plastic. Zorbing is generally performed on a gentle slope, but can plastic. Zorbing is generally performed on a gentle slope, but can also be done on a level surface, permitting more rider control. In the also be done on a level surface, permitting more rider control. In the absence of hills some operators have constructed inflatable, wooden absence of hills some operators have constructed inflatable, wooden or metal ramps. There are two types of orbs, harnessed and non-or metal ramps. There are two types of orbs, harnessed and non-harnessed. Non-harness orbs carry up to three riders, while the harnessed. Non-harness orbs carry up to three riders, while the harness orbs are constructed for one to two riders. Double-harness harness orbs are constructed for one to two riders. Double-harness spheres have different slope requirements, and must only be spheres have different slope requirements, and must only be operated in specific locations. The longer runs are approximately operated in specific locations. The longer runs are approximately half a mile. The first zorbing site was established in Rotorua, New half a mile. The first zorbing site was established in Rotorua, New Zealand, by David and Andrew Akers.Zealand, by David and Andrew Akers.

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THE ENDTHE END