our waterside history research

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1 WATERSIDE HERITAGE CENTRE Waterside History Research The Parishes of Eling and Marchwood Technoterri 3/20/2011 The research and exploration of Terri & Svetlana Gagarin-Rawlings of their new home in the village of Fawley. I am familiar with the whole area from living in Ashurst in had visited Fawley and Ashlet Creek, Calshot with a Henry lll castle to connect with Netley Castle, Langley, and Lepe. Lepe specially when I discovered on the map that the course of a Roman Road (Margary 423) ran from a re- searched Roman harbour and ferry to the Isle Of Wight. … …

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An In-definitive History of the Waterside Area 2011. First Scribd Draft. A work in progress initially for my own interest. Latterly, on behalf of the Waterside Heritage Centre, Hythe. Envisaged as a HTML web-site or E-book to enable readers to link access to the original documents or information. The project will include original published and unpublished research since 1994,The Author would be happy to receive information for inclusion.

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WATERSIDE HERITAGE CENTRE

Waterside History Research

The Parishes of Eling and Marchwood

Technoterri

3/20/2011

The research and exploration of Terri & Svetlana Gagarin-Rawlings of their new home in the village of Fawley. I am familiar with the whole area from living in Ashurst in had visited Fawley and Ashlet Creek, Calshot with a Henry lll castle to connect with Netley Castle, Langley, and Lepe. Lepe specially when I discovered on the map that the course of a Roman Road (Margary 423) ran from a re-searched Roman harbour and ferry to the Isle Of Wight. … …

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… … … This reminding me of the Roman Road research in 1994,that started with a map of Netley Common and the Roman Road that went from the Common across Catherine Valley then down to the top of Partridge Green, Bitterne and finally, down to the Roman harbour at Clausentum on the River Itchen. At this time the Maps showed a small adjacent island ideal for a port with the ability to cross a built causeway at low tide and a ferry for crossing at high tide. At Woodmill it is the earliest chance to cross the Itchen on foot and with carts at high tide. I returned to the UK from Volgograd, formerly Stalingrad until the myth of Stalin and Russia style communism was exposed. I moved hereafter 4-5 years living with my new Russian paraplegic wife. Staying with my brother and his wife in Basingstoke whilst home hunting in the UK. Earlier Internet property search had revealed a property and I was delighted that a phone call to Charles Ley Court, Fawley found it was still vacant. The manageress, Sue Harvey thought that they had a ground floor flat – wheel chair accessible. An appointment was made to view the next day and half an hour that the flat was acceptable and that we were agreed to a verbal contract and pay a deposit. A second view with my sister and brother in-law to enable other points of view. Followed by a tour of the vil-lage, a visit to Calshot, Lepe and a cream-tea at the Garden Centre, Beaulieu. Took possession by the end of March 2010 and was joined by Sveta in April. We have had a wonderful time exploring the New Forest and the Waterside Area with Lymington – Brokenhurst, Cadnam and Totton as our main neighbour area. With Southampton for a special day out for Sveta to research a history of shops in Southampton, focusing on Primark in the precinct. Over this first year we explored the south-west coast road to Bournemouth and Poole. The north east out through Romsey and then on out to Salisbury. Another trip took us up to Winchester via Eastleigh and another to the east and Portsmouth. Finally a ‘Ticket to Ryde’ with Red Funnel and car trip around the island. Ashlett Creek, Calshot and Lepe beaches vie with just driving and exploring the New Forest National Park which extended the Forest boundaries to include extra areas that are of Special Interest. Sveta was beginning to create a map in her head. Early in 2011, I discovered we had a Waterside Heritage Centre at the Old Railway Station at Hythe. Further research via Marchwood Council showed that the Centre was managed by Graham Parkes and wanted volunteers to help research the Parish of Marchwood and Eling. First step was to run Marchwood on Google search. After a week or so I had amassed a couple hundred pages of Water-side History. Initially as recovered from various web-sites on the Internet. Latterly, by driving around all of highways and byways of Marchwood and the connections up into Eling, with right behind it. Now officially joined together and named Totton, originally with the by-line of largest village in Eng-land, and Eling Town – Council. Second step was for Sveta and I to volunteer a couple of hours once a week. The third step was a

number of field trips by car. Familiarising ourselves with all the accessible roads, by car and pho-

to’ing some of the historic and interesting places and buildings. In between, word searching for more

information. Such as:-

Mr W Hadfield oral history – BBC W.W.Two by ActionBristol

Archive List > British Army Contributed by ActionBristol and Wilfred James Albert Hadfield

Location of story: Army in Hampshire - Article ID: A6756555 Contributed on: 07 November 2005

Before starting my story, I think I should tell you about my childhood.

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I was born 17/6/1918 at Market Street, Eastleigh Hampshire. For some reason I have not yet been

able to ascertain, my brothers, sister and I were taken from our parents at an early age and put into

a children’s' home at Winchester Road, Hollybrook Homes, Shirley, Southampton. No doubt this was

done with good intentions - but I wish this had not been necessary - it went on for a number of years

between 1925 and 1930. We did have access to our parents but in the process we had to leave our

school. In my case, Wilton Road School, Shirley, and interrupt our education at another school. This

happened four or five times.

Eventually we were able to leave the home and live with our parents in a new council house situated

at Rownhams Road, Maybush, Southampton, where we spent our teenage years. I had various jobs,

one as a kennel boy and an errand boy for a haberdasher's until my father decided to have me ap-

prenticed as a joiner in the docks at Harland and Wolfe Shipbuilders. After four years, I and other

mates of mine decided to join the Territorial Army, more for something useful to do than any

thoughts that we may be called up. There were rumours however of what was happening in France

and Poland.

It was when we began our annual comps training with various types of guns - anti-aircraft in particu-

lar - that we began to realise that there was something more to our training at two sites, one at the

Isle of Anglesey, Wales and Burrow-head in Scotland. One day whilst working at my bench at Har-

land and Wolfe, a friend of mine in the T.A. told me we had been mobilised - the date was 24th Au-

gust 1939. Immediately I dropped everything and went home for my uniform, which in those days

was Royal Horse Artillery with peak cap, riding breeches, spurs, putters, leather belt and white lan-

guard. I wore this until 1941 when we were issued with battle dress.

After mobilisation, we were stationed behind the Southampton power station, opposite and behind

the Central Station Railway, where were ready for action until the end of 1939. We never had to use

our guns at that site, but while we were there, other sites were being developed at Marchwood and

Beaulieu, ready for any further action, which did not take long in coming in 1940.

Throughout that year it seemed that every enemy aircraft that arrived came over Southampton, be-

cause we were on continual alert day and night, although the night action was the worst. The alarm

would sound and we would stand to whenever aircraft were in our zone of operations and opened

fire from orders at the command post. Sometimes we were firing all night, sometimes we would

stand down, but as soon as we got back to sleep, out we would have to go again, at any time of day

or night.

The winter of that year was very cold with lots of snow and we had a very bad attack from the ene-

my at the site of Marchwood and I became the first casualty with a fractured arm and spent some

time at Netley Hospital, which was an old military hospital.

There were quiet times in the summer and we carried out normal duties when on guard duty and

had a Lee Enfield rifle 303. Other duties included spud bashing for the cookhouse and cleaning the

army huts and our equipment. We also did physical training and spotting for enemy aircraft. Guard

duty at Beaulieu House, the home of Lord Montague, and rifle practice in readiness for the expected

invasion, which thankfully never came. However, there were rumours of the enemy testing the de-

fences along the coast, but we were ready! I was approached by an individual whom I suspected of

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trying to find out details of our operations and remembered the slogan ''careless talk costs lives ''.

We had to be 'on our guard' in every situation.

My three brothers Frank, Edward and George, were in the T.A. Engineers, the Hampshire Regiment

regular army and the tank corps, respectively. Like many others........a family at war. In 1941 we

moved to Eastleigh with 3.7 Monile Guns. I think it was during the reorganisation of the forces, but

could not be sure. I did my first practical at Southampton and during that time was sent on courses

throughout the country to train as a gun fitter.

The first stop was a transit camp in Rampton, Nottinghamshire. After two weeks I was sent, with

others, after parade, to report on our experience with guns. As it turned out, we were all anti-

aircraft and so those who had used 4.5 guns were roped in to form a Field Gun Personnel, to take

part in Field Gun training.

We were then sent to Newcastle under Lyne and Hanley, where we finished our courses on all types

of guns. The names of those who had passed the courses were posted on the notice board and we

were told we could join units nearest our homes. Broadstairs, Kent was the nearest place to my

home and I joined the unit in November 1941, when we went on to West Wickham and in 1942 on

to Liverpool, where we boarded a ship called 'The Mexico City' (one of the lease lend from America).

Scapa Floe was our next destination where we joined a convoy escorted by 6 destroyers including an

aircraft carrier and a destroyer 'The Rodney' on our way to Free Town in Sierra Leone and then Cape

Town in South Africa, where we stayed for about 2 weeks having shore leave.

From here we sailed across the Indian Ocean, where I remember seeing flying fish. Then on up into

the Red Sea, and on towards Egypt. Taking part in the traditional ‘crossing the line’, ceremony on the

way. After 2 weeks' leave in Cairo we were ordered to the Front Line, ready for the battle that was

to take place for Alexandria. We were the 65th Field Artillery Regiment 445 Battery, part of the 44th

Division with 25 pounder guns, who took part in the Battle of El Alamein, which drove Field Marshall

Rommel back to Tunisia.

By chance I met my brother Edward, whose unit of Bofars guns were positioned near us, to cover

against air attack. He had been out there since Dunkirk and we hadn't met for 3 years. He was in the

Hampshire Regiment - a regular soldier. Four brothers took part in the war, George on Tanks, Frank -

Engineers, who had some part in the retrieval of the 'Bouncing Bomb' experiment in England, Ed-

ward and myself.

The Italy landings came next together with the American 5th Army at Solerno, where we spent

Christmas, on the banks of the Volturno River, which was frozen and snowed up in winter. Then we

moved on to Rome passing through all the towns in between. Which included a halt at Casino and

the landing at Anzio, with brought a halt in our advance to Rome.

We advanced to Trieste and on into Croatia to keep Field Marshall Tito quiet....he was the leader of

the resistance and eventually became leader of Yugoslavia. Whilst in Italy we were sent back to

Egypt to fly the flag as the President of Egypt had designs on the Suez Canal.

After the war was over, we were stationed in Pula in Croatia, where eventually, we were sent home

through Switzerland and the Brenner Pass and back again before being mobilized.

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I was in Trafalgar Square the day the end of the war was declared with the girl I eventually married.

Recently I have received a request from a chap who has been trying to find out about his grandfa-

ther who died in a Whitley Bomber accident whilst returning from France in 1940. The plane crashed

into a barrage balloon, due to misinformation from the base. He has archive information but not the

burial place. The balloons were based at Marchwood, opposite Southampton Dock Head near Hythe.

With the grace of God, all four brothers survived, married and had children, for which we will be

eternally glad, because when we left these shores we could not foretell if we would ever see England

again.

© Copyright of content contributed to this Archive rests with the author. Find out how you can use

this.

Message 1 - Balloon Site at Bury Farm Marchwood

Posted on: 30 January 2006 by MarkHood1940

Thank you Wilfred for the information, the Whitley P5044 crew were all buried at Fawley All Saints

Church on the 21st August 1940. However, according to records at the National Archives it seems

that the Whitley had hit the Bury Farm Balloon Site near Marchwood, which came under the South-

ampton Balloon Squadron No. 930, before flying on over Southampton City and colliding with at

least another balloon of the Eastleigh Squadron No. 924 . The collision with one of the cables sliced

off 15 feet of wing and I have never discovered where this happened?

Regards

Mark Hood

'WW2 People's War is an online archive of wartime memories contributed by members of the public

and gathered by the BBC. The archive can be found at http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar

Message 2 – UP3 Rocket Artillery at Veals Farm

Posted on: 04 March 2011 by Technoterri

Hampshire Historic Treasures

Group B - Archaeological Sites and Remains

Roman Coin Hoard (Find), Bury Farm. Discovered in C.18. Now in private ownership.

O.S.A. No. SU31 SE6. Ref: 1. Companion in a Tour around Southampton. Second Edition. 1801.

(Buller), p.118. Ref: 2. V.C.H., Vol. 1, 1900. SU 378 113 2213 04

Group D - Buildings, Monuments and Engineering Works

Farmhouse C.18 Bury Farmhouse. 2-storey. Plastered, tile roof. Brick stacks. Hipped gables.

Possibly older than date stated. Roman coins found in foundations. SU 378 113 2213 01

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Houses (8) C.18 The Terrace, Nos. 1-8. consecutive, Main Road. 2-storeys. Colour-washed brick.

Old tile roof. Nos. 1-7, a row of cottages seven windows long. Ground floor with simple doors and

casement windows. No. 1, modest wooden porch to door. No. 8 stands free of, and forward from

Nos. 1-7 T. & C.P. Act. SU 389 105 2213 13

http://www.hampshire.gov.uk/hampshiretreasures/vol05/page217.html

OS Map of the central area of our research – Eling & Marchwood

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Prologue

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Welcome to the personal and public history of ‘King’Techno-terri Gagarin-Rawlings. Current-

ly the writer is and has been living in Charles Ley Court. Fawley, for nearly twelve months..

I moved back to the UK and stayed with my brother-in-law and sister in March 2010. Leaving

my wife my Russian Paraplegic wife of three and a half ‘Queen’ Svetlana Alfredovna Gaga-

rin-Rawlings at home in Volgograd, Russia. I had allowed a month for my Home-search be-

fore my wife would join me. Intelligence sent me off into cyber-space for a quick click -

‘home search uk’ - to look for wheel-chair accessible flats and bungalows. Almost immedi-

ately, half a dozen clicks later I was rewarded with … … …

Charles Ley Court, Denny Close, Fawley, Hampshire SO45 1FR.

View on a map

Manager: Housing 21, 9 Avro Court, Ermine Business Park, Huntingdon, Cam-

bridgeshire PE29 6WG

Telephone: 0370 192 4000

Email: [email protected]

Type(s): Housing with support.

Properties: 31 flats. Sizes studio, 1bed. Built in 1979.

Services: Resident management staff and community alarm service.

Facilities: Lounge, laundry, guest facilities, garden.

Accessibility: Access to site easy, but less so for less mobile people. Distances: bus stop 50 yards; shop 50 yards; post

office 50 yards; town centre 4.5 mile(s); GP 1.5 mile(s); social centre 1.5 mile(s).

http://www.housingcare.org/housing-care/facility-info-6081-charles-ley-court-fawley-england.aspx

Built in 1979, it was younger than us both, but the easy access to the NEW Forest National Park, my old New

Forest of 30 years ago, Southampton Water at Hythe and Ashlett Creek and the Solent at Calshot and Lepe.

Wonder of wonders it was still available when I phoned and an appointment was made for me to

visit and view, which proved satisfactorily to both the Housing Manager Sue and me, the form was

sent off, a further visit to sign and measure up. Within a month of arrival, I was in and fitting out

with the aid of a local cabinet maker and Argos I was able to furnish the bedroom and lounge and fit

out the kitchen with the basics and fortuitously the Co-op is near to hand in Holbury.

Fawley and Hythe and the South Waterside

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The North and South Waterside and the eastern edge of the area are adequately served with a cen-

tral A Class road the A326, linking up to the M3 motorway via the Marchwood and Hythe bypass to

enable the development of the Esso Oil Refinery.

Which as you see is fairly close to Fawley but, well ‘green’ as we have experienced a deer coming out

of the hedge as we drove along the Fawley bypass and slowing down and stopping my gold Citroen

Berlingo.

A wiki history of village of Fawley

A settlement has existed at Fawley for many centuries, and the village itself was recorded in

the Domesday Book. Other areas in the parish can boast remains from the Stone Age and Roman

occupation. According to the Open Churches Trust, a church at Fawley was first recorded in 971. The

present church (All Saints) was built between 1170 and 1340.[1] This church still exists and is the par-

ish church of much of the surrounding area.[2]

The arrival of the Esso oil refinery in 1921 transformed a sparsely populated agricultural area into an

industrial centre with a population of around 14,500. Modern Fawley is smaller and less populous

than its more recently founded neighbours, Blackfield and Holbury, but remains the administrative

centre of the parish.

Other villages within the parish of Fawley include Calshot, which possesses shingle beaches and at-

tracts significant numbers of tourists and local visitors during the summer months.

Fawley oil refinery and chemical works

Fawley oil refinery viewed from Southampton Water

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An oil refinery was first established at Fawley in 1921 by the Atlantic Gulf and West Indies Company.

The site was chosen because a large amount of land was available for development, as the area was

not heavily populated, and because of Fawley's position on the Solent. This provided access to the

large amount of water used in the refining process, and also made it possible for crude oil to be

brought to the site in ocean tankers by sea. Proximity to Southampton was also a factor, as at the

outset much of the plant's output was used to supply liners using Southampton docks.

The refinery is now owned by Esso, which acquired the site in 1925. It was rebuilt and extended in

1951 and is now the largest oil refinery in the United Kingdom with a capacity of 326,000 barrels a

day.[3]

The site also houses a chemical facility operated by Exxon Mobil and Nalco. As in earlier years,

crude oil is brought to the site in tankers, making use of the docks which extend for 1.5 kilometres and

are the largest independently owned docks facility in Europe. Over 3,000 people (including many con-

tractors) are employed at the site.

References

1. ^ "The Church of All Saints, Fawley". Southern Life. Retrieved 16 January 2011.

2. ^ "History Of All Saints'". All Saints', Fawley. Fawley Parish. Retrieved 28 January

2011.

3. ^ "Exxon to halt Fawley cracker in September". Reuters. 26 August, 2009.

External links

Map sources for Fawley, Hampshire

Fawley Parish Council

Community website for Fawley

Community website for Fawley

Fawley Churches

Welcome to Fawley - an introduction to Fawley's oil refinery from Exxon Mobil

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fawley,_Hampshire

Marchwood and Eling and the North Waterside Area

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Introduction

To place our local history research in a wider context, a little personal history of my wife and I. As a

child, like many other children I became interested in dinosaurs. I can recall various tableaux pictures

of the different ages of pre-history that I saw in various books. Two come back in my mind, the first a

group of Stone Age people and secondly a drawing of a Stegosaurus. This captured my imagination

and I copied these two into my school art book. The stegosaurus was on the left-hand page in pencil

and the Stone Age scene on the right in water-colour. Where, it was to capture my teacher’s imagi-

nation, who invited me to lead the class in creating a pictorial history frieze around the class room.

These images, indelibly printed in my mind were the building blocks of my history and the beginnings

of a lifelong fascination with dinosaurs which was finalised with the TV program ‘Walking with dino-

saurs’ and the Jurassic Park film Trilogy. Fast-forward to 1994 when fortuitously, whist unemployed,

on my visit to Woolston Job Centre, a work experience opportunity caught my eye.

On offer with the Hampshire Rangers at Victoria Park, was a six-month contract to research the his-

tory of Westwood Woodland Park. The staff at Woolston made an appointment for the next day.

A young lady Ranger, … … , as my induction took me for a walk around the south of the park and

showed me the remains of a Cistercian Monastery, the demolished Victorian House’s and a WWll

rocket site. The rocket site connected into a memory of an episode of the Sharp’s TV series, where we

were introduced to historic novels of Bernard Cornwall. Which led onto the a potted history of the

Peninsular War and a Rocket Cavalry Unit demonstrating the early Congreve Rocket. As we walked

out of the park an old cast iron drain-hole cover with the words Harland & Wolff Ltd caught my eye. I

remembered the name from some news of years earlier but neither of us could recall who the com-

pany were. During the induction I was also asked to extend my research area to include Netley Com-

mon, which had recently fallen within the jurisdiction of the Hampshire Rangers.

I had started on a most pleasurable period of my life. I was living on a converted MTB, moored in the

shelter of Itchen Railway Bridge embankment. Which I repaired to and continued my research pro-

ject.

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We start with the end of Roman Rule and the arrival of Cerdic and his son Cynric in 495 at

Cerdicesora or “Cerdic’s Shore, somewhere on Southampton Water, possibly Calshot. Which

was where my earlier In-definitive History research had brought me from Netley Castle to

Calshot Castle. I was also pleased to find the Roman Road crossing Netley Common has also

a connection with a Roman Road crossing the Waterside from Lepe north toward Dibden and

Marchwood. With further research, hinting of a connection up through Totton, to join with a

Roman Road, route across the Test north of Tatchbury Hill fort.

1.01

Background, to the Waterside History Research.

The two main sources for the names and dates of the kings of Wessex are the Anglo-Saxon Chroni-

cle, and an associated document known as the West Saxon Genealogical Regional List. The Chroni-

cle gives small genealogies in multiple places, under the annals for different years. These sources,

however, conflict in various ways, and cannot be fully reconciled. A recent analysis by David

Dumville that has produced a set of plausible dates for the West Saxon kings has been used by other

scholars but cannot be regarded as definitive. Dumville's dates are used in the historical outline be-

low, with reference to the original sources to highlight some of the conflicts. The later genealogies

may have been contrived with the intent of connecting all lineages to Cerdic, and this has introduced

additional inconsistencies which cannot all be resolved.

Though the Chronicle gives 495 as the date for Cerdic's arrival in Britain

"495. There came two eaorlmen to Britain, Cerdic and Cynric his son, with five ships, to a place called

Cerdicesora, on the same day they fought the Welsh."

F. M. Stenton[3]

gives evidence of doubled entries in the Chronicle, which suggests an early sixth-

century date for the landing of the ancestor of the Wessex ruling kinship.

Most historians appear agreed that the location of Cerdicesora or "Cerdic's Shore" is somewhere

on Southampton Water, perhaps Calshot. After making a beachhead and consolidating their position

they next appear to attack the area around Southampton at the Battle of Natanleod. The location of

this Natanleod has been placed at Netley Marsh.

"508. This year Cerdic and Cynric killed a British king named Natanleod, and five thousand men with

him. After that the land was known as Natanleag up to Cerdicesford."

The location of Cerdicesford has been placed at various locations in southern Hampshire includ-

ing Chandler's Ford. The historian Albany Major places the site at Charford at the crossing of

the River Avon (Hampshire) close to the border with Wiltshire.

"514. The West-Saxons came to Briton with 3 ships to a place called Cerdicesora and in the same

year they fought the Britons and put them to flight."

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"519. Cerdic and Cynric received the West-Saxon kingdom, and the same year they fought with the

Britons, in a place now called Cerdicesford. The royal line of Wessex ruled from that day."

Movements of Cerdic through southern Hampshire, according to Albany F. Major (1912).

1.02

Despite the repetition there is no reason to presume there were not multiple landings along a coast

known to the Saxons as Cerdic's Shore. It is likely that both Winchester and Silchester would have

fallen to the West Saxons between the years 508 and 514, but this transition is only suggested by the

absence of these important towns in the later annals of the British scribes. A later thrust up the

Hampshire Avon towards Old Sarum in 519 appears to have been checked by the Britons at Char-

ford.Albany Major in Early Wars of Wessex makes the case that the borders of the traditional coun-

ty of Hampshire probably match those of the first West Saxon kingdom established by Cerdic and his

son. Evidence of this comes from the border between Hampshire and Berkshire which follows gener-

ally the line of the Roman road that ran east and west through Silchester, but it is deflected in the

north in a rough semicircle in such a way as to include the whole of the district around the town. He

argues that the capture of Silchester, of which no record has been passed down to us, was not the

work of Mercian Angles but of the West Saxons probably striking north from Winchester and possibly

acting in concert with a separate force making its way up the Thames Valley towards Reading.

Silchester was left desolate after its fall and it is most improbable that any regard would have been

paid to its side of the border had the fixing of the county boundary been made at a later period.[4]

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The traditional border between Berkshire and Hampshire showing the buffer zone north of Silchester which is

thought to be evidence that the county of Hampshire was created while Silchester was still inhabited by Britons,

according to Albany F. Major (1912).

Study of the borders between Hampshire and Wiltshire also seem to suggest the West Saxons' west-

ward advance was checked by about 519AD. The area north of Charford This would corroborate the

date given in the Annales Cambriae for the crucial British victory at the Battle ofMons Badonicus in

517AD which is believed to have stopped further Anglo-Saxon encroachments in south-west and mid-

land Britain for at least a generation.

The length of Cerdic's reign is unclear but the throne passed to Cynric in about 554. Cynric is Cerdic's

son according to some sources and Cerdic's grandson in others, which name Creoda, son of Cerdic,

as Cynric's father. Cynric was in turn succeeded by Ceawlin, who was probably his son, in about 581.

Ceawlin's reign is thought to be more reliably documented than those of the earlier kings, though the

Chronicle's dates of 560 to 592 are substantially different from the revised chronology. He overcame

pockets of Britons to the northeast in the Chilterns and in Gloucestershire andSomerset the captures

of Cirencester, Gloucester and Bath (577), after a long pause caused by the battle of Mons Badoni-

cus, opened the way to the southwest. Ceawlin is one of the seven kings named in Bede's Ecclesias-

tical History of the English People as holding "imperium" over the southern English; the Chronicle later

repeats this claim and refers to Ceawlin as a bretwalda, or "Britain-ruler".

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wessex

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John Richard de Capel Wise. The New Forest: its history and its scenery copied, edited by the re-

moval of footnotes, references and generally correcting place names etcetera, to their modern

equivalent. The full text can be read at: http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/john-richard-de-

capel-wise/the-new-forest-its-history-and-its-scenery-ala/page-4-the-new-forest-its-history-and-its-

scenery-ala.shtml

PAGES 4 & 5 CHAPTER V. CALSHOT CASTLE AND THE OLD SOUTH-EASTERN COAST. THIS corner of

the Forest, once perhaps the most beautiful, is now the least known, because, to most people, so

inaccessible. It lies quite by itself. No railway yet disfigures its fields and dells. The best way to see it

and the whole Forest is to cross the Southampton Water by ferry from Southampaton to land at the

hard at Hythe. As we cross, behind us, rising from amongst a clump of trees, the ruined west ends of

Netley Abbey Church, and the modern tower on Henry VIII. 's Fort; whilst, lower down, the new

Government Hospital loads the shore with all its costly ugliness. If we have not, perhaps, yet

reached the height of Continental profanity which has turned the Convent of Cordova into barracks,

and St. Bernard's Monastery at Clairvaux into a prison, and the Church of Cluny into racing stables,

we yet seem to delight to place side by side with the noblest conceptions that ever rose in beauty

from English ground, our modern abortions. There is not a cathedral town whose minster-square is

not disgraced by some pretentious shed. And now Government not only invades the country, but

chooses above all, the better to display our folly, that place which the old Cistercian monks had for

ever made sacred by the loveliness of faith and work. Hythe is only a little village, but as its name

shows, once the port of the New Forest. The Forest, however, has now receded from it, and in this

chapter we shall see nothing of its woods. The district, however, is too important in an historical

point of view to be omitted. The walk, even though it is not over wild moors and commons, is still

very beautiful. True English lanes will lead us by quiet dells, with glimpses here and there through

hedgerow elms of the blue Southampton water, down to the shore of the Solent. (a little beyond

Hythe is a good example of Mr Kemble's test for recognizing the Ancient Mark. To the north lies

Eling, the Mark of the Ealingas, and in regular succession from it come the various hursts, holts,, and

dens, now to be seen in Ashurst, Buckholt, and Dibden. This last village has a very picturesque park

So, leaving the Hythe ferry and going southward, skirting Cadlands Park, we reach Fawley, the Falalie

and Falegia of Domesday, where, at the time of the survey, Walchelinus, Bishop of Winchester, held

one hyde and three yardlands. The whole of the village was thrown into the Forest, but in its place

now are ploughed fields and grass pastures. The church, with its central tower, stands at the en-

trance of the village, and its handsome Romanesque doorway shows plainly that the Conqueror did

not destroy every place of worship. The building was partially restored in 1844, but the pillars on the

north side of the chancel were copied from the original Norman work, which, with the three fecinas

and the hagioscope, give it a further interest to the ecclesiologist. Fawley church, its roof completely

thatched with ivy, disfigured, however, by a wretched spire. A Roman glass manufactory has, I be-

lieve, whilst these pages were in the press, been here discovered. In Domesday it possessed a saltern

and a fishery. Eling, at the same time, maintained two mills, which paid twenty-five shillings, a fish-

ery and a saltern, both free from tax. The manor was bound, in the time of Edward the Confessor, to

find half-a-day's entertainment (frma) for the King. For a curious extract from its parish register, see

chapter xix. Staneswood (Staneude), which is more southward, also, according to Domesday, pos-

sessed a mill which paid five shillings, and two fisheries worth fifty pence. Farther north

lies Redbridge, the Rodbrige of Domesday, which also maintained two mills, assessed, however, at

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fifty shillings. This was the Hreutford and Vadum Arundinis of Bede, where lived Cynibert the Abbot,

who, failing in his attempt to save the two sons of Arvald from Ceadwalla, delayed their death till he

had converted them to Christianity. (Bede, Hist. Eccl., torn, i., lib. iv., cap. xvi., p. 284, published by

the English Historical Society.) All these places, with the exception of Redbridge, were more or less

afforested.The district, however, seems to have been by far the most

flourishing of any adjoining the New Forest, owing, no doubt, to the immigration which the various

creeks invited, and the remains of salterns still show its former prosperity. Next to it came the Valley

of the Avon, its mills often assessed, in Domesday, by a payment of the eels caught in the river.

At; IT Fawley, the walk becomes more beautiful. \\\- pass deep lanes and scattered cottages set in

their trim gardens, when suddenly on the shore rises the round grey castle of Calshot, standing at

the very end of a bar of sand, separating the Southampton water- from the Solent. Though much

repaired, it stands not much altered from Henry VIII.'s original blockhouse. Once of great im-

portance, its garrison now consists of only the coastguard and a master-gunner. Its walls are still

strong, measuring in the lower embrasures sixteen feet through, but the upper storeys are much

slighter. On the west side is cut the date 1513, whilst some stone cannon balls of the Common-

wealth period show the importance Cromwell attached to the place. But the place has older associ-

ations than these. In 495, Cerdic and his son Cynric arrived with five ships, and landed at Calshot,

the Cerdices-ora,of the Chronicle and on the same day defeated the natives. - No site has given rise

to so much controversy as Cerdices-ora = Cerdices shore. Now, I think there can be little doubt,

looking both at the etymology of the name and the situation, that Calshot is the true place. The

land here runs out into the sea with no less than ten fathoms of water close to it, so that large ves-

sels can to this day lay alongside the Castle. It is the first part, too, of the mainland which can be

reached, and on its lee side offers a safe anchorage. Besides, about four miles off stand some bar-

rows, which, though we may not be able to identify them as covering those slain in the first battle

which the West-Saxons fought, offer some presumption in favour of that theory. In the very

word Calshot, and its intermediate forms of Caushot, Caldshore. It is, of course, not without much

consideration that I presume to differ but surely the passages quoted from Bede refer to nearly 200

years after the arrival of Cerdic and his nephews, Stuf and Wihtgar, when their descendants would

have been sure to have crossed over, finding the eastern side far richer than the cold, barren district

where the New Forest afterwards stood. Cauldshore, we may, without difficulty, recognize a corrup-

tion of the original Cerdices-ora of the Chronicle and Florence. The word is formed like the names of

various places close by, such as Needsore (the under-shore) and Stansore Point. But going farther

back, we come much nearer to its original form in the old Forest perambulation made in the eighth

year of Edward I., where it is spelt Kalkesore. As then, Charford, on the north-east borders of the

New Forest, is the representative of Cerdices-ford, where Cerdic's last victory was gained over Am-

brosius; so here, I think, at the south-west, near Kalkesore, now Calshot, was his first achieved.

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In the reign of Elizabeth there were stationed here a captain, with a fee of one shilling a day;

a subaltern with eight pence ; four soldiers and eight gunners with sixpence each ; and a porter with

eight pence. And in 1567, we find the Queen ordering ," the mounting of ordinance," probably to

pay attention to Philip, who was expected to pass through "the narrow seas." But the strong-

er fortifications of Hurst, and the new batteries in the Isle of Wight, have done away with its necessi-

ty, and it stands now only as a monument of Tudor patriotism and of Cromwell's care.

From this point the scenery completely changes. Instead of lanes and cultivated fields, the shingly

beach of the Solent, covered in places to the water's edge with woods, sweeps away to the View

near Eaglehurst to the west. Passing on to Eaglehurst, and noticing the truth of the termination even

to this day, let us sit down on the shore. Here is a view which should be remembered. In one sense

the world cannot show its equal. Far away to the east stretches the low Hampshire coast, ended by

the harbour of Portsmouth and its bare forest of masts. To the south, towards Spithead, rides the

long line of battle-ships ; and round the harbours of the two Cowes sail fleets of yachts, showing

how much still of the old Scandinavian blood runs in our veins of the spirit which finds pleasure in

adventure and delight in danger. Steamers, with their black pennants of smoke, hurry down the nar-

row strait, carrying the news or the merchandise of the world ; whilst all is overshadowed by su-

preme natural beauty, the hills of the Isle of Wight standing boldly up, crested with their soft green

downs, and their dark purple shadows resting fold over fold on the valley sides. Still continuing along

the shore we reach Leap, a small fishing village, where boats ply across from its hard to the

Island. Its name is derived from the Old-English leap, a weel, or basket for catching fish. Here, it is

said, but I know not on what authority save that worst tradition, that the Dauphin, afterwards Louis

VIII. of France, embarked after the defeat of his army at Lincoln, and his fleet off Dover. Certain it is

that he had adherents to his cause in the neighbourhood, especially in William de Vernon, whose

arms were formerly blazoned with his own in the east window of the north aisle of the Forest

Church of Boldre.* * At the date of the Dauphin's leaving England, William de Vernon was dead, which makes his embarkation at Leap less prob-

able. Neither Roger of Wendover (vol. iv. p. 32. Ed. Coxe), nor Walter Hemingburgh (vol. i. p. 259. Ed. Hamilton), nor Ralph Coggeshale

(Chronicon Anglir).

On somewhat better authority,* it rests that the unhappy Charles I., on the 13th of November, 1647,

outwitted by his enemies and deceived by his friends, entrusted himself, after his flight from Hamp-

ton Court, to Colonel Hammond, and, embarking here, returned by Hurst to atone for the past by his

life.

But of greater interest is the Roman Road which connected Leap with Southampton and Winchester

in one direction, and Ringwood and the west in another. Its traces may be found not only here but

on the opposite side, where, still known by the Norman name of Rue Street, it passes westward of

Carisbrook to the extreme south of the Island. Its old appellation is preserved, too, on this side in the

name of a farmhouse King's Rue, and Rue Copse, and Rue Common ; and it is well worthy of notice

that this word is even now sometimes used in the Forest, as in Sussex, for a row or hedgerow. The

road, however, can still tell us something of the past.

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A sea route was still dangerous and regarded with jealousy and distrust, and the overland route

would enable the traffic to be carried out through the whole distance by native traders. It is record-

ed that a large mass of tin was found on the very site of this old Roman road. Not only, was tin

brought here from Cornwall, but also lead from the Mendip Hills. Pigs of it have been picked up

on a branch of the same Roman road running from Uphill on the Severn to Salisbury, and from

thence joining the Leap road. One of them, stamped with the name of Hadrian, is now in the Bath

Museum. We are thus enabled to connect Leap with the famous passage of the Greek historian.

The speculative theory has, too, been singularly corroborated in other directions, especially by the

large quantities of bronze ornaments found during the excavations in the Swiss Lakes, 1853 and

1854, the metals of which could only have been brought there by an overland route.

Further, too, we must not reject the account of Diodorus, because he says that at low tide the tin

was carried over in carts. "We must remember the extremely indefinite views of the ancients on all

geographical subjects. The vaguest ideas were held, especially about Britain. Erring in a different

direction, the mistake is not so bad as Pliny's, in making the Island six days' sail from England. There

seems, however, a most natural explanation, that Diodorus, not having been there, took for granted

the wild traditions and rumours which reached him, and which, even in these days, with only the

slightest possible variation of form, still hold their ground with the Forest peasantry, in the legend

that the stone of which Beaulieu Abbey is built was brought over the dry bed of the Solent,

in carts, from the Binstead Quarries.

Still the passage is not without the further difficulty, that Diodorus seems, from the context, to

have supposed that the Island was situated close to where the tin was dug. This, again, must be set

down to that ignorance of geography, which has involved all Greek writers in such extraordinary mis-

takes.

Leap itself is now nothing but a village, with a scattered agricultural population ; some few, however,

maintaining them- selves by fishing in the summer, and in the winter by shooting the ducks and

geese which flock to the creeks and harbours of the Solent. Leaving it, and still keeping westward,

we come to Exbury, and Beaulieu Heath. Then proceeding onwards to the Beaulieu River, where, in

the autumn, after the heavy floods from the Forest, the salmon leap and sport in the freshets. The

road now winds past Exbury the side of thick copses which fringe the river. At last, at Hill Top,

we reach Beaulieu Heath, and, in the far distance, the green foliage of the Forest hangs cloudlike in

the air, whilst down in the valley lays the village of Beaulieu.

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I SHOULD trust that, on a fine day, twenty miles are not too much for any Englishman. If they are,

and any one should think the walk along the coast too long, Beaulieu may be reached by going direct

from Hythe, across Beaulieu Common. The moor- stretches out on all sides, flushed in the summer

with purple heather, northward to the Forest, southward to the cultivated fields round Leap and

Exbury. Passing “The Nodes", the road runs quite straight to Hill Top, with its clump of firs, which we

reached in the last chapter. In 1537, the Cistercian Abbey at Beaulieu was dissolved, the last Abbot,

Thomas Stephens, with twenty out of the thirty monks, signing the deed of surrender.* Stephens

was pensioned off with a hundred marks ; and some of the monks received various annuities

and compensations for their losses. So fell the monastery of Beaulieu, and its stones went to build

Henry VIII. 's Martello tower at Hurst and its lead to repair Calshot … … …

1.03 Parish of Eling History Research

http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp?p_id=4758

1.04

1086 AD - At the time of the Domesday Survey, the Parish of Eling had a population of about 300 and recorded

a Church, 2 mills, a fishery and a salt house.

1130 AD - Henry I sailed from the quay at Eling on one of his expeditions to Normandy.

1808 AD to 1814 AD - Because of its natural harbour and tides, Eling has a long history of shipbuilding. Of par-

ticular note during this time were the Warwick family, who built 6 ships for the Royal Navy at Eling.

1847 - The railway arrived in Totton. At the time there was no station at Eling, although by 1857 Eling Junction

was shown on railway timetables and Totton Station was finally completed in 1859.

http://www.totton-and-eling-tc.gov.uk/All_About_the_Town/History.aspx

1.05

In 1870-72, John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Eling like this:

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ELING, a village, a parish, and a sub-district in New Forest district, Hants. The village stands on the north-west

horn of Southampton-water, near the mouth of the river Anton, and near Totton r. station, 4 miles W of South-

ampton; was known at Domesday as Edlinges; is said to have then had a church, two mills, a fishery, and a

saltern; has now a fair on 5 July; has also granaries, storehouses, and several docks; and carries on a consider-

able trade in corn, timber, and coal. The parish includes South Eling, North Eling, Bartley-Regis, Bauld-oxfee,

Bistern and Bartley, Colebury, Durley, Langley, Lopperwood, Marchwood, Rumbridge, Tatchbury, Testwood,

Wade, Ower, and Wigley; and has post offices of Bartley, Marchwood, and Totton under Southampton, and

Ower under Romsey. ...

… Acres, 18, 459; of which 730 are water. Real property, of South Eling, £1, 899; of North Eling, £3, 984; of Bar-

tey-Regis, £1, 725; of Bauldoxfee, £2, 610; of Bistern and Bartley, £719; of Colebury, £1, 847; of Durley, £1, 217;

of Langley, £1, 045; of Lopperwood, £545; of Marchwood, £497; of Rumbridge, £1, 358; of Tatchbury, £550; of

Testwood, £2, 364; of Wade and Ower, £2, 413; of Wigley, £507. Pop. of the parish, 5, 947. Houses, 1, 179. The

limits include 740 acres of New Forest. The property is much sub-divided. The manor, in the time of Edward the

Confessor, was under obligation to give half-a-day's entertainment to the king whenever he should pass it; and

it belongs now to the Rev. Sir J. B. Mill, Bart. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Winchester. Value, £630.

Patrons, the Trustees of the Rev. W. J. G. Phillips. The church is of various dates, from the 11th century; and

contains many interesting monuments. The vicarages of North Eling., Marchwood, and Netley, are separate

benefices. Value of North Eling, £260. Patrons, the Trustees of the Rev. W. J. G. Phillips. A new church, in the

early decorated style, and a new school, - were founded in 1869. The charities include an alms-house for four

persons, and a share in Nowes' school. The parish contains the New Forest workhouse. -The sub-district in-

cludes 7, 920 acres of the New Forest. Pop., 5, 952. Houses, 1, 180.

http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp?p_id=4758

1.06

"ELING, a parish in the hundred of Redbridge, Romsey division of county Hants, 3 miles N.W. of Southampton,

its post town. The Totton station, on the London and South-Western railway, is about 1; mile to the N.W. of

the village. It is situated at the upper end of the Southampton Water, near the river:Test, and is of great ex-

tent, including several townships and hamlets, the principal of which are North and South Eling, Marchwood,

Netley, and Totton, and the manor of Bury Farm, which last is held of the crown by the tenure of presenting to

the king, on his visiting the New Forest, a brace of white greyhounds in silver couples, which ceremony was last

performed in 1789, on the event of George III.'s visit to Lindhurst."

[From The National Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland (1868) - transcribed by Colin Hinson ©2003]

http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/HAM/Eling/index.shtml

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THEN & NOW

Totton and Eling

Totton and Eling Historical Society

The Old Mill at Eling, c.1910. The old cottage attached to the mill reflects its eighteenth-century ori-

gins and was the mill house. The Mackrell family lived there with a large brood of children. Both

husband and wife took turns to collect tolls at the tollgate. Generations of the family were associated

with the mill for over 100 years. The photograph shows some of the Mackrell family at the toll

booth and in front of the gate. Several children are in their Sunday best. To the right is one of the

pillars to the entrance of Downs House, which gave its name to the Downs Park estate. Next to the

pillar can just be seen the roof of the lodge. The mill house was demolished in 1962 being considered

too dilapidated for restoration. The recent photograph shows the new entrance building and shop that

replaced the house, the pinch pointing’s that have replaced the gate, and the new toll booth for the

still collected tolls.

Eling Causeway, posted April 1909. The church can be seen at the top of Eling Hill. Cottages down

the side of the hill have long gone, replaced by a grassy area with benches for those needing to rest

while going up the hill. This seating area is owned by the British Legion and, although unmarked, is

there to commemorate the dead of two world wars. The start of the new cemetery is seen on a rise to

the far right. On the side of the bridge are the workings of the sluice gates belonging to the tide mill.

To the left is the Lodge to The Grove, a large eighteen-century house, now a Listed building.

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House

C.18

The Grove, Eling. 2 storeys and attic. Colour washed brick with hipped tile

roofs. Modillion cornice. Flat roofed porch. Projecting rounded wing on east

front with 2-storeyed metal veranda.

T. &

C.P.

Act

C.A.

SU 367

124

2209

11

The whole area is much wooded now. The church is almost hidden by the giant Holm Oak belonging

to Church Gate House, the other half of The Grove, which was divided in two in the early 1950s. The

Lodge has now been replaced by a new bungalow and graves have spread down the cemetery hill.

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The Eling Causeway pictured above is a good place to begin our ramble through the recorded history

of Eling. On the right is now a car park where Sveta and I looked back across at the Causeway holding

back the River Rum to work the Tidal Mill.

We turn away from the view of the Mill, to inspect the car park. Find signs asking us to respect the

visitors the cemetery which is extending westwards. There is a commemorative stone illustrating an

old map and some of the earlier names that Eling was known by.

Eling Commemorative Stone

ELING REACH – BARTLEY WATER

“Bartley Water at Eling is a special area for local people and wildlife, not just because of the

variety of habitats, but because it is an open space right on peoples doorstep. It gives a

home to plants, insects, birds and animals as well as somewhere for children to learn and

play and a place where everyone can enjoy a pleasant walk.

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Several new walking routes have been carefully introduced to allow ease of access to the

site. Local people have helped create boardwalks and paths with assistance from the British

Trust for Conservation Volunteers. Local land owners have allowed these new routes across

their land.” From the sign below.

,

Our next move is up to the top of Eling hill as the road bends to the right and we can see

down the hill is our first object of Industrial Archaeology. A Victorian post box set into the

wall of the church. Across the road a little further down the hill is the terraced row of

Homeview cottages.

A Victorian letter collection box c. 1850? Red painted and em-

bossed with the letters V R separated by a crown and the words

POST Office on the projecting the lip protecting the letter slot

from the rain. Below is a slot for an information sign regarding

last post collection times Monday-Friday 5pm, Saturday

8.30am.

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Continuing down the hill, we pass the Rectory on the left. At the bottom of the hill forks

right between the King Rufus and the Village Bells.

The Village Bells PH. The King Rufus PH.

Homeview Cottages

Not even a name was spotted and some

research is called for.

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At the junction with Bury/Jacobs Gutter Lane we turn right to follow the road until its junc-

tion with the A326, just past the next item of Industrial Archaeology. A railway bridge of the

rail link to the Marchwood Military Port and the Esso Refinery at Fawley At the traffic lights

we take a right and left into the northern half of Jacobs Gutter Lane. Where amongst the

changes discovered after thirty years absence, another candidate for Industrial Archaeologi-

cal enquiry what I used to think train gates and I discover the secondary school has devel-

oped into a science college.

Jacobs Gutter Lane, Totton.

Houndsdown School – A Science Colledge.

Hounsdown is a thriving comprehensive school which caters successfully for children of all

abilities. Our strong commitment to high standards of work, behaviour and achievement has

ensured we are the natural first choice for parents and pupils within our catchment area.

Modern, well-equipped buildings offer our pupils excellent general and specialist facilities.

Situated on the western side of Totton, near the edge of the New Forest, our school occu-

pies an extensive and attractive 20-acre site which provides superb recreational space.

Hounsdown School is a secondary school in Totton, near Southampton, Hampshire, England.

The headteacher is Ms Turvey. Classes are held in recently renovated 1960s buildings and

new specialist blocks built since 2000. The school has 1,215 pupils, spanning ages 11 to 16. In

2005 and 2008 Hounsdown received a judgment of "outstanding" from Ofsted, the latter in-

spection receiving "outstanding" in all categories.[1] It has been operating a house sys-

tem since September 2008 and has also begun work on its leadership courses.

Hounsdown gained Science College status in 2005, and the school changed its official title to

'Hounsdown School - A Science College'. With the new title came a new logo, new uniform

and a £500,000 government grant to be spent on science equipment. However, rather than

spending all the money on science equipment, part was spent to buy a new sports hall.[2]

Colbury Manor, only a name plate to start. Colbury Manor.

Originally given to the Abbot of Beaulieu. Confirmed by the

King in 1317. No trace of ancient buildings at site of modern

house.

Hounsdown is a successful and pop-

ular school with a strong emphasis

on the traditional values of hard

work, honesty, responsibility and

respect for others. Our school has

high expectations of pupils, staff,

parents and governors alike and we

work in close partnership in order to

ensure that everyone strives to give

their best.

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1.07

St

Mary's

Church

St

Mary,

Eling

Hampshire Gazetteer - JandMN: 2001

http://www.envf.port.ac.uk/hantsgaz/hantsgaz/S0006567.HTM

1.08

THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ST MARY, ELING

Eling

parish: Totton & Eling

county: Hampshire

reference: HANTSLOC.t

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Eling is the tenth oldest church in England, a small chapel being built on this site around 850 A.D. All that re-

mains of the original Saxon workmanship are the arch in the north aisle and a small window opening onto the

Altar.

In the 11th Century Norman masons carried out repairs and renewals in the Chancel and Nave and in the 13th

Century, the Abbey of Jumieges in Normandy, to which Eling has been linked had considerable work carried

out, a special feature being the ornamentation at the base of the pillars each being of a different design, rarely

seen in England, but not uncommon in Normandy.

Later the church was transferred by a subsequent king to the convent of Mottisfont by whom John-de-

Somborne was appointed in 1329. A list of the vicars of Eling can be seen on the belfry wall adjoining the font.

Mottisfont retained the patronage until the middle of the 16th Century, when, at the Dissolution of the Monas-

teries by King Henry VIII, Lord Sandys was presented with it, hence he also became patron of Eling.

It was this Lord Sandys who brought the beautiful picture of the Last Supper, believed to be by Marco Marziale,

a pupil of Leonardo-da-Vinci, from Italy and presented it to Eling Church. It lay rolled up and forgotten until in

the early 1900s.Rev. T. Thistle realised its value and had it placed in its present position.The scene of the Nativi-

ty which is now at the back of the font was removed from the Altar, for the picture to be placed where it would

seem it had always been intended to be as a back cloth to the Altar - Do note the details - the cat climbing into

the basket (was there fish in it?) and the little dog waiting for the "crumbles that fall from the Master's Ta-

ble".At the chancel steps is a fine carved wooden screen, a memorial to the fallen of the First World War,

whose names appear on a brass plate within the small arch on the right. This small arch seems to indicate that

many years ago a flight of steps lead to a small Chapel, the only remains of which is a small three leaved open-

ing, part of a piscina for washing holy vessels, put in its present position as an ornamentation by the mason

working on the alterations.

Another piscina can be seen on the right of the Altar, having two holes to let the water into a receptable below.

1.09 The Last Supper by Marco Marziale?

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Above us, is the brass candelabrum, with a dove in the middle, probably about 300 years old, being rescued

from a passing tinker's barrow by a vigilant vicar?

On the left of the Altar is a 13th Century arch, unaltered, and this leads to the vestry added in 1825 A.D., note

the fine memorials on the wall to the Powlett and Serle families by the famous sculptor Rysbrack and to Sir

John Mills by Chantry.

Just below hangs an iron helmet and coat-of-arms of some long ago knight or squire. Three of these coats-of-

arms remain in the church, many having been discarded by various "spring cleanings" of bygone days.

In 1865 the gallery was removed, the seating "modernized", the aisles tiled, thus covering up much of the

church history.

A small very ancient container of holy water can be seen beside the pulpit.

The church registers date from 1537 and are some of the oldest and best preserved in the country.

We have a service of Communion Plate of silver gilt given on the Feast of the Nativity 1693 of unusual size and

magnificence, the flagon holding 7 pints of wine. This is now on view in Winchester Cathedral.

The tower, built in the 15th Century contains a peal of eight belts the last two being added to mark the Silver

Jubilee of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in 1977.

1.10 Church Plan

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1 .Entering the church by the south door, on your left is the font. Baptism is the first stage of a person's life in

the church.

2.Move to the West door. You may wish to look up the Nave to the High Altar. To the left and right are 12th.

Century Octagonal pillars and arches with various carved decorations at their bases. On the wall to the left of

the West Door is a carved stone reredos representing the Nativity which was originally above the High Altar.

3. The Tower and the Belfry in the north-west corner were built in the 15th. century. It houses a peal of eight

bells, the tenor weighing 12 cwt.

4.Before you go up the steps into the social area, notice the rounded arch (Norman style) and the plain glass

Perpendicular window where it is believed there was originally a North Transept.

5. On the left of the archway is a funerary monument to the Serle family.

6. The social area contains some interesting monuments. The carved pulpit was moved from the Nave to its

present position.

7. Looking through the archway into the Sanctuary, on the left hand side is a small Norman window.

8. On the right hand side is a Norman piscina ( basin )for cleaning holy vessels.

9. Over the High Altar is a 16th. century Venetian painting of the Last Supper. It was given to the church by Lord

Sandys a friend of Henry 8th.

10. If you gaze up at the ceiling of the Chancel you will see the carved gold leaf bosses.

11. The carved screen across the Nave is a memorial to the dead of the First World War.

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12. 0n the right oftlie Chancel is the Thistle Chapel, furnished in memory of Thomas Thistle, a well-loved and

remembered Vicar of Eling.

13. Above the archway to the Thistle Chapel is a hatchment and another one over the South door.

14. On the wall by the South door is a Plaque in memory of those men who lost their lives in the Titanic disaster

in 1912.

Looking through the archway into the Sanctuary, on the left hand side is a small Norman window.

The baptismal font

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The gold ceiling bosses

The Chancel

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1.11

The South Door

The carved pulpit was moved from the Nave to its present position

To the left of the West Door is a carved stone reredos representing the Nativity which was

originally above the High Altar.

Extracts from the Churchwardens accounts:

1667 (The Great Fire of London was in 1666) Gave two Londoners who came with a pass who lost in ye fire 2s. 6d. To two mearchants who were Wracked and had a pass 0s. 6d Paid for 8 ffoxes heads 8s 0d To ye ringers on gunpowder reason day last past 6s 0d 1670 To the man that went with the collect money to ye briefe concerning ye slaves in Turkey for two daies 2s 6d 1672 Paid a horseshire to carry away a woman that was great with child into ye next parish 0s 6d Paid for watching a madman 1s 6d Paid to 2 families of Norfolk people being 16 of them who had sustained great loss to the value of 2000 pound by ye breach of waters on their land 2s 6d 1674 for paving belfrey with stone 1Pound 1678 To John Smith and other maimed soldiers 1s 4d Collecting a briefe for St Paul's Church London towards ye rebuilding it 1 pound 15s 0d Spent at T hackstones on ye ringers ye 6th of Ffeb being ye day that ye king came to his crown 15s 0d 1689 Paid to Mr George Strode for halfe a hund. of ffagots to make a bonfire when ye king and queen were proclaimed 2s 3d

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THE TITANIC MEMORIAL

Inside the church on the wall by the South Door is a plaque in memory of those men who lost their lives in the Titanic disaster in 1912.

The loss of the Titanic was the greatest disaster ever to hit the Southampton area. Over 500 men from the area

perished when the great ship sank in 1912. This caused great distress in the city and in surrounding areas.

Totton has always had a strong maritime tradition. This might seem strange at first but it need to be remem-

bered that the Eling area has a long tradition of shipbuilding and seafaring. New Forest timber has supplied

local shipbuilders since the Middle Ages. By the time of the Napoleonic Wars the area was building ships for

Nelson’s Navy. The Warwick family were particularly’ important as local shipbuilders.

Details of the numbers of local men who served as seamen are sketchy but the census of 1851 lists a number of

seafaring men. There are records of three, possibly four, Totton men who served on the Titanic. The problem is

that the names do not appear in all the sources. We can identify the following men, The Plaque in Si. Mary‘s

church, Eling, identifies three Totton men listing their names and ages. The men listed are Frederick Godwin,

aged 34 years, Tom Warwick, aged 25 years and W. T. Fox, aged 27 years. The Church Plaque is a good source

of information as it must have been paid for and put up by local people who knew these men personally. A

fourth man, F. Gardner is listed in the Board of Trade Inquiry hut nowhere else.

Frederick Godwin, aged 34 years, was a greaser on tile Titanic. Greasers worked in the Engine Room helping to

maintain, the machinery, literally greasing the working parts. In terms of rank, greasers were one of the lowest

ranks in tile shipping world. Strangely enough this man is not mentioned in the list of casualties in the official

Board of Trade Inquiry. He is mentioned in the Crew and Passenger List produced by the White Star Line. As for

where he lived and who his family were, a search of the local census returns for 1881 and 1891 is quite reveal-

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ing. Three Godwin’s are listed as members of the old Workhouse at Ashurst in1881. They are Robert Godwin,

no age given, Samuel Godwin aged 6years and Frederick Godwin aged 2 years. Frederick is listed as having

been born in Lyndhurst. Since the Frederick Godwin, on the Church Plaque is aged 34 years it would seem sen-

sible to identify him, with 2 year old child called Frederick Godwin, in the Workhouse in 188 1. Other Godwin’s

are mentioned in tile census of 1891.

Tom Warwick came from a local family which had a long reputation as shipbuilders in tile area. The family

name can be traced back to 1500. Tom Warwick was a Saloon Steward, attending to the needs of the passen-

gers. He would have waited on them generally looking after their comfort. The 1881 census lists a Henry War-

wick, Boot maker aged 24 years living at Bears lane Totton. The census of 1891 is more informative. It lists a

Henry Warwick, Shoemaker aged 34 years. At the same address is his wife, Mary , also aged 34 years. Their

children are listed as William Warwick no age given, Edward Warwick aged 6 years, Emma Warwick aged 9

years and Tom Warwick aged 4 years. The last named must be the Tom Warwick on the Titanic since the sink-

ing took place 21 years after the census of 1891. The Warwick on the Titanic was 25 years old when he lost his

life. Tom is named on the Plaque in St. Mary’s church, in the Board of Trade Inquiry List and in the List present-

ed by tile White Star Line.

W T. Fox is listed in official Board of Trade Inquiry and in the Passenger and crew List presented by the White

Star Line. He is also mentioned on the Church Plaque. The Board of Trade Inquiry lists his job as Steward and his

address as Polhawn, Springfield Road Totton. The modern name for this road is Downs Park Avenue. This man-

or his family are not mentioned in the census returns for 1881 amid 1891. Kelly’s Directories of the time also

fail to record the family. Other sources record a W. T. Fox living in Shirley Road. There is some confusion here.

W. T. Fox must have sonic connection with the Totton area since his name is on the plaque. Perhaps he went to

school in the area.

An F. Gardner, a greaser, of Totton is listed in the official Board of Trade inquiry. He is not named in the White

Star List or named on the Church Plaque. The name does appear in the census for 1891. An S. Gardner and a M.

Gardner are listed as living in Calmore in 1891.

Two other men are listed on the plaque in Eling Church. They are Richard Russell, aged 17 years, a steward and

William Edward Hine, aged 36 years, a baker. Russell’s address is given as the Anchor Inn Redbridge. Hine ad-

dress is given as Lyndhurst. They are both mentioned in the official White Star Passenger and Crew List and in

the Board of Trade List. Although not resident in Totton, they be on the Church Plaque because they went to

school in the area.

1.15

The Story of Eling's Saxon Stones

"In this year Birinus preached Christianity to the West Saxons"

Anglo Saxon Chronicle, AD. 634.

The story of Christianity in this country really starts in the mid fourth century though it is more than probable

that it existed in an unofficial way long before this time. In the early part of the century Constantine made

Christianity an official religion of the Empire. He himself only became a Christian on his death bed.

After this time the Empire remained Christian, despite a brief pagan revival under the Emperor Julian. The suc-

cess of Christianity was not mirrored in the military field. The Empire was unable to withstand a number of

barbarian invasions. In 410AD the Legions left Britain and the land was left to its own defences.

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Germanic immigrants had been moving into the Empire for years. Indeed they served first as Legionaries and

then as mercenaries. They settled over large parts of the south. History tells us that they used the absence of a

strong Roman central authority in Britain to rebel against local British leaders who were employing them. It

may well be that in some areas the Germanic occupation was peaceful. Never-the-less, by the 6th. Century the

composition of much of England had changed. The Romano British Celts had been pushed into the West and

North. The Germanic tribes, Angles and Saxons occupied most of the rest of the country.

The south of Hampshire seems to have been settled by the Jutes, a tribe from Denmark, while Saxons seem to

have moved down the river valleys of the Test and Itchen. The Angle Saxon Chronicle written much later says

that a Saxon chief Cerdic landed along Southampton Water and founded the kingdom of Wessex. Whatever the

history the world of the Saxons was far different to that of the Romans. The Saxons were farmers, living in

small communities. Theirs was a tribal society, loyalty owed to the chief. Their culture was oral at first with no

written laws or history. Their religion was that of the Germanic Gods and it was deeply entwined with their

farming customs. Christianity had been pushed far to the West with Celtic refugees.

Slowly over a hundred years or more small kingdoms emerged. In the south that of Wessex became dominant

with its capital first at Wilton and then at Winchester. By the early, 7th. Century Christian missionaries includ-

ing the great St. Augustine were working in Kent. In 634 AD. Birinus was sent to preach the gospel to the West

Saxons. In 635 AD. he baptised King Cynegils of the West Saxons. No doubt with royal sponsorship Christian

preachers spread the gospel all over Wessex. What the ordinary people thought is no known. It may well be

that the faith they followed publicly was far different to the faith they followed privately.

There were few churches at first. Settlements were served by travelling preachers operating from local minis-

ters. It was not until the 9th Century that King Aethelwulf of Wessex started to endow churches on a large

scale. It may well be that Eling Church was founded at this time. Certainly there was a church at Eling at the

time of the Domesday Book. Evidence of the Saxon Church is however very scanty. Inside the Church there is

small window to the left of the high altar which some have suggested is Saxon. It is certainly early Norman.

The real surprise came when the Church was re ordered in the 1990s. While an archaeological dig was being

done as part of the work some inscribed stones were found. These are now thought to be Saxon. Some seem to

be part of a window frame. Some have inscribed crosses. There is a body of opinion that thinks that they may

be the consecration stones of the church. If so this was a very rare find. These stones represent the very begin-

ning of Christianity in this area.

1.16

The Inventory of Eling Church 1553

The Invitorye of ye goodes and ornaments of ye parishe churche of Elyng taken ye xii day of July

by Master Richrd Byrd Vicar .Barry loveil, fohnfonas, William Hocar, Adam Stone,

Lanrans Oiyver, Robert Braty with divers others, the sixth yere of ye reigh of Kyng Edward ye VIth,

The Church Wardens, fohn Weere,

John Newman,

The Sidesmen, Richard Bennyg,

WWiam Coper.

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" Imprimas ii silver chalisses with patentes.ii crosses of coper and gylt, v corpores casis with vcorporis, ipeyre

of white vestiments, iiipeyre of browne silke, i peyre of vestiments of BLew silke, i peyre of vestiments with

swannes, i peyre of vestiments imbroderyd with lyons, i peyre of vestiments of redde satyn, i old clothe tor ye

sepulchre, 1 cope of brown silke, i cope of reede silke, i cope of yellow velvet, vi alter clothes.iii hangers for

alters, iv banners and ii stremers, ii basins of brasse and ii brasse canstykes, ill silken pillows, ii palles, ii sur-

ples Hi belles in the steeple, ii litell belles.Item at ye chappell of Ower, i peyre of vestiments, i cope, ii belles, i

alter clothe, i chalise",

The Inventory of Eling Church taken in 1553, no doubt at the request of the King's Commissioners, provide a

glimpse into the religious change of the time. We do not know how the Reformation of Henry VIII affected

Eling.

We do not know if it had any costly ornaments or even if it was painted as many pre Reformation churches

were. No doubt when the local abbeys such as Beaulieu were despoiled local churches were visited as well.

How much damage was done we do not know.

The real changes began in the reign of Edward, Henry's young son, when power was seized by Protestant re-

formers. These people under the guise of religious reform and personal gain attacked the old Catholic Churches

and stripped them of anything valuable. Eling seems to have possessed some fine sets of vestments. Silk ,Satin

and Velvet vestments would have been particularly costly. Those with swans and lions may have been the gifts

of wealthy patrons. The set with lions could even denote a gift from the Crown. The copper crosses, brass can-

dlesticks and basins might mean that the church at Eling was not well off for expensive ornaments. It could

equally mean that these had been taken in a previous visitation in the reign of Henry VIII. The silver challises

could well have survived from earlier times. Though it is possible that they were the gift of the Sandy’s family,

who were important patrons of the church, in the reign of Henry VIII. Lord Sandy's was one of the Gentlemen

of the Bedchamber and a personal friend of Henry VIII. It is reputed that Lord Sandy's gave the picture of the

Last Supper over the High Altar to the Church. What happened to the chalice’s after the Inventory was taken is

not known.

Also in the inventory the mention of Banners and Streamers is interesting. Much of the Catholic ceremony in-

volved processions on Saints Days with Banners and Streamers carried before the images of the Saints. These in

an agricultural society were often carried out at important times of the year such as Spring planting and Har-

vest Festival. This still takes place in Catholic Europe today.

No doubt the Banners and Streamers disappeared. It was probably at this time that the Church was re ordered,

stripped of all ornaments, altar screen removed and re decorated severely. Whitewash being used to cover any

decoration. What the locals thought of this is not known or if the Church had a brief Catholic refurbishment in

the reign of Edward's sister Mary.

1.17

All Our Yesterdays

An Affectionate Look at Life in the Area at the Accession of Queen Elizabeth II in 1952

"l just remember that we had a party with egg

N

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Britain in 1952 was just emerging from the grey years that followed the Second World War. There were still

shortages in many areas such as building materials. All over the country rebuilding was a slow process. South-

ampton was still disfigured by many bomb sites. All over this area temporary housing, pre-fabs, were put up to

house families who had lost their homes during the war. Southampton which had lost most of its shopping area

still had temporary shops such as Plummers. Radio was still an important form of entertainment and television

sets were still rare in the area. The Trams had only just vanished into history and their replacement the Guy

AEC with its familiar red box shape was still new on the streets. Cars were still few and speeds were slower. The

Redbridge Causeway was still choked at rush hour.

Totton, too .was smaller with less than the 30,000 population it has today. The Precinct had not been built.

Rumbridge Street was a thriving shopping area with a Woolworth's and a number of Co op shops. The Calmore

Estate had not been built. Houston School was not in existence. The main secondary school was Testwood

School ,headed by Mr.Ridges. Across the Salisbury Road Abbotswood school was thriving, as was Eling School

south of the Railway line. In Junction Road the Savoy Cinema provided entertainment for the locals. The cinema

was one of three owned by a small company.

The English Team contained many unknowns such as Tom Finney and Stanley Matthews. The Saints were rele-

gated in 1953 to the Third Division and eventually got promoted in 1959. Totton Football Club spent the fifties

see sawing between Division One and Two of the Hampshire League. You could watch Speedway or go grey-

hound racing at the Stadium in Southampton. You could drown your sorrows after a game at any number of

local Public Houses, such as the Elephant and Castle, the Anchor or the Village Bells. The much beloved Travel-

ler's Rest on the site of the War Memorial Car Park has long since disappeared. After your night out you could

travel home on a Hants and Dorset bus. They were easy to recognise. They were double decked dark green

boxes. Upstairs some had long seats which were difficult to vacate if the Bus was packed. You could travel

home on a train steam powered of course and even travel down the Waterside on a train.

What about the people who went to St. Mary's. Well for a start there were more of them. Congregations were

larger. In 1952 the Vicar was the Rev. Fletcher. There was a flourishing choir at the Church and a large Sunday

school. Some of the men worked Burt Boulton's, the largest timber yard and the biggest employer in the area.

If they bought a house the average price in 1952 was £1800. If they bought a new car they could expect to pay

£800 for a new Vauxhall, the lady of the house could expect to spend £11 - 12 on food. Today in 2002 the aver-

age food bill is £32. The average weekly wage was £9. and the ubiquitous plastic credit cards were a thing of

the future. The congregation of St. Mary's spent a third of their income on essentials. No foreign holidays then

or video games or C.D. players. The married ladies of the congregation stayed at home. It was in the fifties that

women began to return to work. Even so people still believed in saving for that rainy day. Some of the budget

went on cigarettes. Smoking was socially acceptable and was widely advertised.

Such was life when Queen Elizabeth ascended the throne in1952. The good old days we are told. Perhaps this is

not the case. Materially in 2004 we are much better off but perhaps we have lost part of the sense of commu-

nity that we had in 1952. The age of Woodbines, Nestled Five Boys chocolate, Educating Archie and Stanley

Matthews has faded into a rosy memory .

1.18

Murder and Mayhem in

Totton and Eling

From Parish Records Crimes of violence are not unique to the twentieth century.

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A brief survey of the local records of Totton and Eling reveals a number of violent acts some of which appear to

have gone unpunished. The story starts with the digging of a tank outside the Church of St. Mary's on Eling Hill.

The tank was to be sunk deep outside the Church door that fronts on to Eling Hill. Deep in the ground the con-

tractors found a number of human skeletons. With them was found a coin. On examination the coin proved to

be of the late Roman period, about 360 to 370 AD. The Emperor of the time was Jovian. The skulls appeared to

have been damaged, perhaps by blows. The date is of great interest as it is the time of the great Saxon Raid on

Britain. The Romans only regained the province with great effort. Who were these people? Had they been

murdered? Were they Saxon pirates, put to death after capture, or were they captured Roman soldiers? We

can never know. If the coin was buried with them deliberately it could have been to pay the ferryman to the

land of the dead.

Poaching the King's deer was a practice as old as the Forest itself. In 1257 the King's huntsman, Wassemer, was

travelling with his boy from Lyndhurst to Redbridge. Between Ashurst and Fletchwood he was assaulted and

killed by Richard and Rocelin sons of Robert de Lyndhurst. They were sheltered at the home of Ralph de Lynd-

hurst whose daughter Rocelin had married. They also found shelter at the home of Absalom, Ralph's brother

and at the home of Richard Le Wayl in the area of Redbridge. The Monks of Beaulieu had also given them shel-

ter. The boy travelling with the huntsman was brought before the and put in prison. The Inquest took place at

Rumbridge before Alexander de Monti Forti and the Sheriff, James Le Sauvage. Richard fled but Rocelin turned

up to the Court. He was found guilty and sentenced to be hung. All the others were acquitted apart from Ralph

de Lyndhurst who was hung. The sorry tale does not end there. Further inquiries uncovered a huge poaching

ring, involving the abbots of Beaulieu and Titchfleld and the Priors of St. Deny's and St. Mary's in Southampton.

All had to appear before the court at Wilton in 1257. All these worthies received fines ranging from £10 to 1

mark. As usual it was the little men who paid the price.

Church records also record a number of suspicious deaths. Who was Hector Pierce who was recorded slain in

1616? Who was the soldier found dead at Hartley in 1644?

Far more obvious is the epitaph of William Mansbridge in the cemetery in Eling.

"Stop reader and read my fate, What caused my life to terminate,

For thieves by night, when in my bed, Broke up my house and shot me dead".

The Mansbridges were an important local family. Were the murderers ever caught and brought to trial? Did

they suffer the ultimate punishment. Again there is a gap in the historical record. Just as tantalising is the sad

end of Edward Dudman in 1737. The parish records simply say that he was shot by Mr Coster's maid. Was it a

crime of passion or was it an unfortunate accident? Again there is a gap in the historical record. All we can say

is that Dudman and Coster are local surnames.

So we come to perhaps the strangest mystery of ally one that has passed into local folklore. Testwood house,

now offices along Salisbury Road, is reputed to be haunted.

The ghost takes the form of a man in a top hat. People working in the offices complained effecting cold and

being watched. The story goes that in the 18th. century a coachman murdered a cook. He killed her in the serv-

ant's quarters in Testwood House and dumped her body in a lane nearby. The lane is now called, Cook's Lane. A

later version of the story replaces the coachman with the butler. The factual origin of the tale has not been

traced, yet it is probable that a real event lies at the centre of the story, an event so powerful that it has been

remembered in some form for two hundred years. One wonders if it is the sad story of Edward Dudman, shot

by a maid which has become changed as it has been passed down.

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1.19

The Reformation and Eling Church

"Play the man Master Ridley, for we shall light such a candle in England

as by the grace of God shall never be put out." Archbishop Latimer as he was being burnt at the stake in 1555.

In the 16th. century England was rocked by the Reformation. For centuries England had been part of the Catho-

lic Church. In the early 1500's Henry VIII decided to divorce his wife Catharine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn.

Divorce could only be granted by the Pope and the Pope was a virtual prisoner of Catharine's nephew, Charles

ruler of Spain and Austria. Henry decided to put pressure on the Pope after the Pope refused to grant the King's

divorce.

In a series of measures the King made himself Head of the Church and destroyed the monasteries taking the

land and wealth for himself and his friends. By the reign of his son Edward an English Bible and Prayer Book had

been produced. After a brief return to Catholicism under Mary the country returned to the Protestant fold un-

der Queen Elizabeth. She founded the Protestant Church of England.

These changes were of course reflected in local churches. St. Mary's ,however has no record of a re ordering at

this time. In Tudor times the basic structure of St. Mary's was probably much the same as it looks today. The

furnishings would have been different. The ceiling would have had wooden beams as these are recorded as

having been removed in the mid 19th. century. The Altar would have stood at the far end of the Nave. There

may have been wall paintings as these have been found in other New Forest churches. There would have been

no pews as the congregations stood for services. There was probably an Altar Screen separating the congrega-

tion from the High Altar. When the church was re ordered in the 1990s a rescue dig found remains of what ap-

peared to have been a wooden screen buried under the floor. Perhaps this was the original screen, torn down

and buried by reformers. If the church had wall paintings they were removed, but who removed them and

when they were removed remains a mystery. Only one monument in the church predates 1600. If there were

others they may have been destroyed by reformers. On the right side of the Nave is a small window which may

be the remains of a Rood Loft, perhaps containing an Altar. This too could have been removed. An Inventory of

the time of Edward VI hints at a rich set of Priests vestments. These have long gone.

One wonders what the local people felt. They probably felt very confused. The local clergy seemed untroubled.

For much of the century Eling was served by two priests. Henry Hawkyns from 1485 to 1536 and Thomas Sel-

woode from 1536 to 1587. Henry Hawkyns may have retired or simply died of old age as he was well into his

seventies. Thomas Selwoode survived all the religious chops and changes of the 16th. century. He must have

been a very adaptable man or simply adept at keeping his head down!

One would expect changes in local landholding either in the confiscation of Church lands or the removal of

lands from those who did not support the new order.. Strangely enough unlike the evidence that comes from

other areas, changes in land holding were not widespread. Eling was held by the Wardens of Winchester Col-

lege and they continued to hold the manor after the Reformation. Rumbridge remained in the hands of the

Canterton family and the manor of Testwood remained in the hands of the West family. Netley Abbey held a

small piece of land in Totton. In 1546 this was given to John Bellowes and John Broxhoime. They appear to have

been speculators as they sold the land next day to Richard Marden. Colbury manor was held by the Abbey of

Beaulieu but in 1538 it was sold to Thomas Hopson. In 1545 it was sold to the Mill family who held it for 200

years. The manor of Langley was held before the Reformation by the Priors of Breamore Abbey. After the

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Reformation it passed to Henry Marquis of Exeter. Two years later he forfeited all his estates and the manor

was given to Anne of Cleves, presumably as a Wedding gift. In 1545 it was purchased by the Mill family. Some

local families such as the Mills did very well out of these transactions. They would be loyal supporters of the

Crown because they owed their lands to the Crown. Other locals kept their feelings to themselves. Better to

keep their land than express an opinion.

What the locals thought is not recorded. The Churchwarden Accounts do not begin until 1667. Local people

probably did as they were told. It soon became obvious that dissent would not be tolerated.

http://www.southernlife.org.uk/elingchu.htm

1.2

Eling Conservation Area

Once the centre of a large parish Eling, owes its survival of its rural setting on a hill, overlooking Southampton

Water and to its separation from Totton by Eling Creek with its causeway and centuries old toll bridge.

Its status as a conservation area acts as a defence against urban encroachment from Totton and Hounsdown.

The contrast between the environments within and outside the area could hardly be more stark. The footpaths

around the village and Hartley Water, and Goatee Beach on Southampton Water, provide important recrea-

tional areas for locals.

A long straggling settlement of farms and cottages, interspersed with more imposing buildings, stretches up

Eling Hill from the Creek to Cole's Farm. The historic buildings include three which are listed Grade II* - the Tide

Mill, St Mary's Church and the Old Rectory -as well as several attractive unlisted buildings. The tidal waters of

Eling Creek, which provided a good site for mills for centuries, is today home to the yacht club.

The name Eling has Celtic origins which suggests that this area has been occupied for a very long time. In the

9th century King Aethelwulf, father of Alfred the Great, gave land for a burial ground and a church at Eling Hill,

and the Domesday Book, in 1086, mentions two mills and a church here.

For hundreds of years Eling was a busy port and in the 18th century there were plans for a canal link to Salis-

bury but this came to nothing. During the 19th century Totton expanded right to the edge of the Creek, chang-

ing the character of the north bank of the creek completely.

These are key features in the conservation area:

Eling Tide Mill is the only surviving tide mill in the world still regularly producing stoneground flour. Tide mills

are usually built on causeways across inlets of tidal estuaries which form both a bridge and a dam. The tide fills

the estuary behind the dam and the water is held back by sluice gates until it is released through the mill race

to operate the machinery for about five hours each tide. In 1382 William Wykeham granted Eling Tide Mill to

his newly founded College in Winchester as part of its endowment. It remained the property of the College

until 1975 when it was bought by New Forest District Council and restored by volunteers.

The first church was replaced by a stone building in the 11th century. The ashlar tower dates from Tudor times

and is three storeys high with battlements. Although most of the church dates from between the Norman peri-

od and the 14th century much of this is hidden by the restoration work of Benjamin Ferrey 1863-5. The church-

yard is full of interesting grave stones from the last 300 years, twelve of which are listed.

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Bartley Water forms an important open space. This tidal area of salt marsh and reed beds is a wilderness haven

for wildlife. Although wooden walkways have been introduced and a cycleway link to Hounsdown is planned,

low key management allows a natural habitat to flourish alongside.

Cole's Farm is an important survival of the rural landscape. The farmhouse is a fine example of early 19th cen-

tury architecture with original sash windows with no 'horns' and rubbed brickwork over the ground floor win-

dows. The adjoining contemporary farm buildings grouped around the yard are marked on the tithe map of

1843.

The high brick wall to the Old Rectory plot is a prominent feature of the narrow lane. Set into the wall is a Vic-

torian post box. The wall contrasts with the hedgerows of the rest of the conservation area.

The view to the north is dominated by the industrial area of Eling Quay. The Anchor public house and a small

area of open space are included within the conservation area. Future development here should enhance the

river frontage and provide additional public access along the waterfront.

These are some of the things that make Eling special - they need to be looked after:

1.21

History

The tide mill and causeway, preserving its feeling of a frontier - almost a 'border crossing'

Buildings

The Old Rectory is partly faced with mathematical tiles. Brickwork, mainly Flemish bond with some header

bond. Sash windows which are mainly 16 small panes. Mix of clay tiles and 19th century slate

Timber-framed and brick agricultural buildings at Eling Hill Farm and Cole's Farm

1.22

Landscape

The tidal landscape of Bartley Water

The distinct grouping of buildings at intervals along the country lane

The high brick walls and hedges which reinforce the rural feel

The field paths

1.23

Setting View upstream from the causeway, across the reed beds. View north across the Creek to the old area

of Eling Quay beside the Anchor Views across Southampton Water and down Southampton Water towards

Marchwood

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Potential for enhancement. Although out of the conservation area, the warehousing and container storage

have considerable impact on it and every effort should be made when redevelopment takes place to ensure an

attractive outlook here

http://www.newforest.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=2152

1.24

VISIT ONE OF THE ONLY TIDE MILLS IN THE WORLD PRODUCING FLOUR DAI-

LY IN A 900 YEAR OLD TRADITION

Eling Tide Mill is a water mill that harnesses the power of the tide to grind

wheat into wholemeal flour. Situated on the edge of Southampton Wa-

ter beside the renowned New Forest, there has been a mill on the site for

over 900 years.

It was abandoned in the 1940s, but had the good fortune to survive until

it was restored between 1975 and 1980, at which time it re-opened as

both a working mill, and a museum to this part of our industrial heritage. It

is the only fully working and productive tide mill in the United Kingdom,

once again producing flour as it had throughout the last Millennium. It is,

in fact, one of only two productive tide mills in the entire world (to the

best of our knowledge), and the only one producing what it was built to

produce on a regular basis.

How the Mill Works:-

The Mill is built on the seaward side of a dam across a tidal river, when the

flooding tide comes in, it pushes open one-way gates and fills up the

millpond. When the tide turns and starts to go out again it slowly uncovers

the waterwheel, but the sea gates are closed, trapping the water in the

millpond, so the level in the millpond stays at the high tide level.

When the tide has dropped to well below the waterwheel axle, the sluice

gate can be raised, a blade of water from the millpond strikes the lower

blades of the waterwheel, spinning it round, allowing milling to begin.

Our Flour

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Eling Tide Mill produces two flours, the first being Flour of theForest, Stone

Ground Wholemeal Flour. This is our completely local 'New Forest Marque'

flour, as it is milled from grain grown just a few miles away on the Cadland

Manor Estate in the New Forest. The grain is currently Solstice an English

breadmaking wheat, which we mill finely for best rising

Canute Brand Stone Ground Wholemeal Flour is the second flour we pro-

duce ourselves, this time from an English, high protein, breadmaking

wheat that is organic but not local, and milled for fullest flavour rather

than best rising.

For Milling Times

see www.elingexperience.co.uk and click on Eling Tide Mill - Milling Times

Contact the mill on 023 89 869574

or email [email protected] or [email protected]

http://www.totton-and-eling-tc.gov.uk/Living_In_The_Town/Tide_Mill.aspx

1.25

ELING PUBS

Pub Name: Ad-dress: Tel-ephone: Lo-

King Rufus, Eling Eling Hill, Eling, Hampshire, SO40 9HE 023 8086 2104 Ringwood

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cAle Breweries:

Pub Name: Ad-dress: Tel-ephone: Lo-cAle Breweries:

Village Bells, Eling Eling Hill, Southampton, Hampshire, SO40 HE 023 8086 8899 Ringwood

1.26

Village Bells Eling Hill Southampton Hampshire SO40 9HE. 08714 329005. www.villagebells.co.uk

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1.27

Eling Hill Eling, Totton, Hampshire, SO40 9HE. Tel: 02380 868899 E-Mail: [email protected] www.thekingrufus.co.uk

The King Rufus has been a pub more or less continuously since1850 as far as can be determined from public

records. The pub is of typical Victorian construction and a building of some sort was present here at the time of

the Doomsday book.

It is thought the name of the pub comes from the fact that the surname of the first landlord was Purkess, the

same name of the peasant who transported the body of King William Rufus from the New Forest after his un-

timely death in a mysterious hunting 'accident'

The present Landlady, Kim Sainsbury, has worked here for 15 years, the last 6 in charge of the pub and carries

on the tradition. The pub is situated close to one of the oldest churches in the New Forest, St. Mary's dates

back to Saxon times. Also just down the road is Eling tide mill. It is the sole remaining operating tide mill in the

UK that has a pair of independent waterwheels designed to drive a millstone each, and has 900 years of histo-

ry.

http://www.thekingrufus.co.uk/Contact%20The%20King%20Rufus.html

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1.28

1.30

Fire at Red Lion PH

More than 50 fire-fighters tackled a blaze at a Hampshire pub early today. The blaze broke out at the closed down Red Lion pub in Totton. It started at about 10.40pm and fire-fighters stayed at the sce-ne throughout the night. Crews were still damping down the wrecked building this morning and keeping a watch for further flare-ups. A partial road closure has been put in place causing traffic jams in the area. Six engines from across south west Hampshire plus an aerial ladder were called to the blaze at the empty pub in Commercial Road. It started in the first floor and spread to the roof, which collapsed.

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The officer in charge, station manager Mark Raven said: “Crews did a great job in tackling the blaze quickly by using the aerial ladder platform to contain the fire to the roof and first floor of the premises. "Had it not been for the fire-fighters good work this could have been a much more serious incident with the possibility of the spread of fire and further damage to the building.” The pub, which had a 2am licence, was shut down last month by police four days before it was due to be closed by its pub co-owners Enterprise Inns. Officers served a closure order in the interests of public safety after landlady Jacqui Barclay, formerly Jacqui Clapp, invited customers to “drink the pub dry”. At a council meeting last week licencing bosses heard the pub had a history of violence and police were called to a spate of incidents including several fights and assaults in which people were badly injured. But after reading a 110-page report agreed that the Red Lion could reopen, subject to new licensing hours and a change of staff. However, its fate remains unclear after Paul Gill, regional manager of Enterprise Inns, was asked if the building would be sold. He replied: “We’re looking at various options and no decision has been made. “An investigation has been launched into the cause of the fire. http://www.thisishampshire.net/news/8361485.Firefighters_tackle_blaze_at_Hampshire_pub/

The

Marchwood

History

Project

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By Terri & Svetlana Gagarin-Rawlings First Printing 14.03.2011

2.0 1. National Archives – Domesday Book

Marchwood, Hampshire

Folio: 50v Great Domesday Book

Domesday

place name:

Merceode

People

mentioned

within entire

folio:

Aelfhelm; Aelfric the Little; Aestan; Aghmund; Almaer; Alric; Alsige

the chamberlain; Alwig; Alwine White; Alwine son of Wulfgeat; Cola

the huntsman, son of Wulfgeat; Cynna; Eadgifu; Ealdraed brother of

Oda; Earl Tosti; Edmund; Edmund son of Pain; Edwin the huntsman;

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Father of Alric; Father of Wulfric the huntsman; Godric Malf; Godric

uncle of Alric; Godwine the falconer; Goldgifu; Hugh Latimer; Hugh de

Port; Hugh de St Quentin; Humphrey Visdeloup; King Edward as donor;

King Edward as lord; King William as monarch; Leofwine; Miles; Odo,

Bishop of Bayeux; Picot; Ravelin; Saewine; Saewulf; Bishop of Saintes;

Siward; Sons of Godric Malf; Thegns of King William; Vigot; William

Orenet; Wulfgeat father of Alwine; Wulfgeat father of Cola the

huntsman; Wulfgeat the huntsman; Wulfric; Wulfric the huntsman

Date 1086

From Kelly’s Hampshire Directory in Southampton Library local study collection. Marchwood, situated on the western shore of Southampton Water, was once a tithing: formed into an ecclesiastical parish in 1843 from the civil parish of Eling; constituted a civil parish under sec.57 of the 'Local Government Act, 1888' (51 & 52 Vict, c.41), by order of the County Council, confirmed 16th July, 1894; this place is 2 1/2 miles south-east from Eling, and 3 miles south-east from Totton station on the London and South Western railway, in the New Forest division of the county, Redbridge hundred, petty sessional division of Lymington, New Forest union and Southampton county court district, and in the rural deanery of Lyndhurst and archdeaconry and diocese of Winchester; a ferry boat plies to and from Southampton. The church of St. John’s is a building of stone and white brick in the Perpendicular Style, and consists of chancel, nave of four bays, south aisle, transepts and a tower with spire, containing a clock and one bell, there are several stained windows, one of which was presented by Major William Sawyer, in memory of his child; there are about 400 sittings. The register dates from the year 1845, the living is a vicarage, net yearly value &150, including 18 acres of glebe, with residence, in the gift of Charles Bartholomew Esq., and held since 1879 by the Rev. Charles Lambert Coghlan M.A., of University College, Oxford. Here is a Congregational chapel. In the parish is the Royal Naval Ordnance depot, together with a hospital and barracks. Pooks Green is a place in this parish, Byams, the seat of William Gascoigne Roy Esq. J.P. was rebuilt in 1878; the old house had been in possession of the family for over a century. Cecil Roy Saunders Esq*. F.S.S., of Eling, who is Lord of the manor, Mrs Vaudrey, of Langley Manor, Charles Bartholomew esq. C.E. of Castle Hill House, Ealing, London W. and W. Gascoigne Roy esq. are the principal landowners.

*The manor afterwards passed to John Saunders, of Downs House, on whose death in 1832 it descended to his son, Andrew Saunders. (fn. 239) Cecil Roy Saunders, who succeeded his father Andrew in 1876, died in 1907, and his brother, Archibald Carmichael Saunders, is now lord of the manor of Marchwood.

The soil is clay and sandy; subsoil, sand. The chief crops are wheat, barley and oats; the rateable value is &2,837. the population in 1891 was 695, including 58 in the Government Powder Magazine, Hospital, Barracks & C … Parish Clerk, Frederick Drake. List of Notable Residencies Marchwood Park Charles Bartholomew Byam’s House W. Gascoigne Roy. The Vicarage. Charles Lambert Goghlan. MA. Lord of the Manor Archibald Carmichael Saunders Langley Manor Mrs Vaudrey

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County Police Station Charles Young – Constable in charge. Post Office Mrs Margaret Jones – Postmistress National School Built 1854 White Horse PH Peter Kingham Licensee Ship PH Charles Hasman Licensee Malt House Stephen Philpot Bury Farm Henry Stock Staplewood Farm Thomas Webb Pooks Green is in this Parish, noted as Rooks Green in the Southampton Kelly Directory

2.01 Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood 1812

Conservation Area

The Royal Naval Armaments Depot (RNAD) is an important site at a key location between Eling and Hythe on Southampton Water. The site developed between 1812 and the 1890s, initially as a depot for the storage and management of gunpowder, and later for the storage of other munitions. The survival of Georgian military works from the period of the Napoleonic wars is relatively rare and the site is therefore of both local and national importance. RNAD is clearly a planned site, the buildings are highly specialised and enough survives for the history of the site to be easily understood. Many of the buildings and walls are individually listed. Since the site was decommissioned and closed the historic buildings have fallen into disrepair and a number still need new uses to give them a new lease of life. Designation as a conservation area recognises the special historic interest of RNAD, and focuses attention on the scope for the environment of the area as a whole to be improved, and on opportunities for the waterfront and links to Marchwood village.

In 1812 Napoleon invaded Russia and Russia formed an alliance with England. As a result the Inspector General of Fortifications ordered a depot for 20,000 barrels of gunpowder to be built at Marchwood to supplement the magazines at Gosport.

By 1814 three magazines and Examining Rooms had been built linked by a canal system to transport the barrels. Earth banked blast walls and high walled enclosures protected each building. An office and guard house and a barrack block were built on Magazine Lane. There was a rolling stage, a raised planked barrow way, built out to a landing stage in deep water. A sea wall was added fronting Southampton Water and returning along the Creek. In the 1840s Receiving Rooms were built at the end of the rolling stage.

The depot closed briefly in 1850 but was reopened during the outbreak of the Crimean war and in 1856-57 four new and larger magazines were added. Further protecting walls linking the original magazine compounds and a new western boundary wall were built.

RNAD continued in use for the storage of munitions into the 20th century. War damage in 1940 destroyed some of the magazines. Stocks of munitions were reduced after the war and the site was finally decommissioned and closed in 1961.

These are key features in the conservation area:

Magazine C with its surrounding walls is one of the surviving magazines added in 1856-7. It is a large red brick

building with few window and door openings. Much of the original roof structure survives. Internally, one large space was laid out in bays for the storage of powder barrels. Since it was highly dangerous it was essential that the gunpowder was securely stored. The magazine was therefore solidly constructed with double skinned brick walls and a heavy slate roof.

The barrack block now restored and converted to apartments and known as Frobisher Court.

Magazine A. The Receiving Rooms and the surrounding walls. Magazine A, dates from the original

development of 1814. The roof covering of this magazine consisted uniquely of huge slates underlayed by clay tiles - again a protective measure.

The Examining Rooms date from the original development of the site. The single storey building consists of two

rooms with entrance porches. The roof structure survives under the temporary covering. The Examining Rooms were used for inspecting and repacking powder barrels - strict regulations were enforced and no barrels were ever opened in the magazines.

The office and guardhouse are two small lodge-type buildings, dating from the original development of 1814,

now occupied by Marchwood Yacht Club. The colonnaded porches were added to the front of the buildings in 1856. Original doors and window joinery survive.

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The earth banked blast walls around existing and former magazines. These are impressive six metre high walls

which lean in towards the banks. They are now consolidated by mature vegetation and oak and pine trees. These are some of the things that make RNAD special - they need to be looked after:

History The increasing importance of rare military survivals from the period of the Napoleonic wars.

The layout of the site which was determined by the way the buildings were used.

Buildings

Buildings and walls are of red brick, of English Bond, with slate roofs, although some have temporary roofs. Brickwork has fine detailing with decorative recesses, raised panels, rubbed brick arches and detailed copings. The individual purposes of the buildings are particularly evident in their character. The magazines are uncompromising with few openings for windows and doors. The accommodation buildings have a more domestic scale with more windows and doors. Windows are typically sashes of the period, of 6-pane over 6-pane. The separation and enclosure of the buildings by the large scale earth banked blast walls and high brick walls sought to contain accident damage.

Landscape and Setting

The approach to the site is along Magazine Lane which still retains the character of a narrow country lane. The spaces contained by the walls around the building compounds.

The promenade to Southampton Water - an important open space with stunning views of the docks, and backed by the continuous frontage wall bounding the magazine compounds. The sea wall, part original, part rebuilt - a key landscape feature.

Magazine Lane, with the accommodation buildings on one side and the creek on the other. Groups of trees on the earth banks to the blast walls and valuable trees across the site are especially prominent when the area is viewed from the water.

Potential for enhancement

Retaining and repairing the historic buildings is a key factor in the future of the site. The Council's intention is for this to become a residential site with development respecting the conservation area and the listed buildings. As much of the site has long lain derelict, there is much potential for improvement and enhancement through any new development. The waterside promenade, including the completion of the sea wall, could be an attractive amenity. Magazine Lane, including the adjacent Creek from the public hard to the cottages, is a key area which

could benefit from pedestrian priority. http://www.newforest.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=2178

2.02

3. Marchwood Yacht Club History

The Royal Naval Armaments Depot at Marchwood Opened in 1815

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The picture shows the old jetty and the magazine buildings.

Magazine 'A' is the building in line with the jetty

Ordnance House which is in the centre of the picture was occupied by the Commanding Officer.

To ensure that a country is well defended, its arms and munitions must be safely and securely stored. As long ago as the early Middle Ages, when England had no standing army or navy, the king's stock of arms was kept under the surveillance of the Keeper of the King's Wardrobe in the Tower of London.

As the art of gun design and the production of arms became more skilled, the status of the office was raised and from 1414 onwards there was a succession of 'Masters of our Works, Engines, Cannons and Other Kinds of Ordnance'. Towards the end of the sixteenth century, allegations of corruption together with the deteriorating quality of weaponry led to the appointment of a Commission of Investigation and the re-shaping of the Office of Ordnance. In 1598 the department was put into the charge of The Great Master who controlled the disposition and storage of military and naval armaments and for the following 250 years, this administrative arrangement changed very little.

In about 1667, an ordnance depot was established in Portsmouth which immediately became one of the country's most important arms stores outside the Tower of London. Explosives were kept in the Square Tower at the south-west end of Portsmouth High Street, but during the next century, fears grew over the proximity of the magazine to the heavily Populated town and in the 1760s this culminated in a successful public petition for its removal.

Weapons and hardware continued to be stored in the Square Tower, but during the 1770s, all the explosives were moved across the harbour for storage in the massive gunpowder magazine at Priddy's Hard - the oldest of the four depots making up the complex of R.N.A.D. Gosport. Priddy's Hard was built in 1771, and although six thousand barrels of gunpowder could be stored there, it was necessary to disperse the ammunition and gunpowder in case the depot ever came under attack. Satellite magazine stores were built to serve this purpose and one of these was the Royal Naval Armaments Depot at Marchwood.

R.N.A.D. Marchwood was built some 40 years after Priddy's Hard came into use and was opened in 1815. Historically this date was significant as it was not only a time when Britain was undergoing industrialization and consequent social changes, but it was also in this year that Britain defeated France at Waterloo, making her one of the strongest nations in Europe. Priority was naturally given to maintaining this superiority and ensuring that the country remained well protected.

The building of this small depot at Marchwood may have appeared insignificant in the grand scale of things

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but its role was to prove important during its 146 year life. Plans to build a satellite magazine on the west side of the River Test were initiated in 1812 under the instruction of the Inspector General of Ordnance.

The site at Marchwood was purchased by the Ordnance Office from Sir Charles Mills for £1,200 and three years later, staffed by a storekeeper named R.B. Ady, a Foreman and two Watchmen, a three magazine depot capable of storing 21,000 barrels of gunpowder, was opened. Being highly dangerous it was imperative that the gunpowder was securely stored, both to minimise the risk of accident and to keep it out of the reach of would-be thieves.

Consequently each magazine had to be solidly constructed with 21 inch thick brick walls which were double skinned and had ventilation ports. The massive roofs were of half inch thick slates laid on top of clay tiles, with the soffits finished in one inch thick elm boarding. To avoid the obvious hazard from sparks, all metal work was non-ferrous and even the one and a half inch thick coffered floors were constructed using wooden pegs instead of nails. Copper was used for other metal surfaces.

Outside, the magazines were surrounded by brick wails 11 feet high and 15 inches thick. They were also separated by traverses of brick walls and blast banks of earth 21 feet high. In addition to the three magazines, the Depot consisted of an examining laboratory with two rooms, a shifting house, a cooperage, two store rooms, a boathouse, a powder pier and a hard. There were also barracks and offices.

It was necessary for security at Marchwood to be strict and in 1819 military sentries were introduced to the site. During the next 72 years, while Marchwood was under the jurisdiction of the Board of Ordnance and, later, the War Office, the depot was under a 24 hour guard. This was carried out by four military sentries and two watchmen who were labourers at the depot. The exclusive duty of one of these watchmen would be to patrol the river bank behind the magazines.

The strength of the military presence varied over the years. The first detachment of the Royal Artillery to be deployed at Marchwood in 1819 consisted of one sergeant with 12 N.C.0s. and men. The detachment in 1846 had one sergeant and fourteen gunners and in 1891, there were two officers, a company of the Rifle Brigade and a surgeon with army medical staff. The number of men posted to the depot at any particular time is probably an indication of the volume of gunpowder being stored there.

By the start of the 1850s, activity at Marchwood appears to have diminished, as between October 1850 and March 1854, the magazines were empty and depot houses were let to coast-guards and civilians. However, Britain's entry into the Crimean War (March 1854 - February 1856) immediately led to the re-commissioning of the magazines and in 1856 four new magazines were built. These were handed over to the War Office, which replaced the now abolished Ordnance Office, by the Royal Engineer on July lst l857. The establishment site now covered 7 acres and became triangular in shape.

Like the residents of Portsmouth a hundred years earlier, the people of Southampton were concerned about an armaments depot being so close to their homes. In January 1876, when Marchwood was well stocked and fears were at their worst, the Committee for the Transport and Storage of Powder was petitioned and the removal of the depot was demanded. The Committee's president, Colonel C.M. Younghusband reassured the people of Southampton that they were in no danger and maintained there was nothing to justify the removal of the establishment from the neighbourhood.

The Secretary of state for War agreed that under no circumstances could he consent to the removal of the armaments depot. At about this time, the stock at Marchwood ceased to be exclusively gunpowder, and in 1877 one magazine was allocated for small arms. In 1892 a second magazine was set aside for Q.F. ammunition.

Naval vessels brought the consignments of gunpowder along Southampton Water to Marchwood where they were delivered at the pier head. The barrels were then, three at a time, transported on magazine barrows along the pier to the rolling stage for inspection by the cooper. The barrels were then transferred to flat bottomed barges and ferried along the canal to the magazines. Casual labour was sometimes employed to help convey the barrels to and from the magazines. Throughout the depot's life, few changes were made to the unloading and storage procedures. Every effort was made to avoid accidents and spillages and over the years strict regulations were enforced. For example, no barrels were ever opened in the magazines but were taken to the Examining Rooms for investigation. The barrels were constantly examined for faults such as slackness in the hooping and if any defective barrels were discovered, they were immediately taken to the cooper to be repaired. The magazine floors were swept after every arrival

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and dispatch of gunpowder and any areas that the gunpowder had been carried over were sprinkled with water.

There were also strict rules concerning the men who worked in the depot. The cooper and labourers for instance were frequently assembled in the shifting room where their clothing was searched for pipes and matches. Before they were allowed to enter the magazines they had to change into jerseys and woolen drawers which they wore under 'duck' frocks and trousers. Working parties employed from 1925 onwards were also carefully searched for anything of a dangerous nature. They too wore prescribed clothing and special magazine shoes.

Royal Marine Light Infantry in Marching Order

Two officers, 40 N.C.0s. and men of the Royal Marines Light Infantry were detached to Marchwood under the authority of Captain W.S. Cox. Life for these men appears to have been relatively congenial compared to the rigours of normal marine life. The officers, for example, were granted a special allowance of 1s 6d a day in lieu of provisions, fuel and mess expenses.

No.167 Admiralty Orders in Council 9th May 1892

ALLOWANCE IN LIEU OF PROVISIONS, &c., TO OFFICERS, ROYAL MARINES, SERVING AT NAVAL POWDER MAGAZINES.

Whereas a detachment of Royal Marines is now stationed at Marchwood Powder Magazine in consequence of its transfer from the War Office to the Admiralty. We are of opinion that the Officers serving with the detachment there, and all other Royal Marine Officers on detached duty of a similar character, should receive a special allowance of Is. 6d. a day, in lieu of Provisions, Fuel, or Lights, and in aid of Mess expenses. We beg leave therefore humbly to recommend that Your Majesty will be graciously pleased by, Your Order in Council to sanction the issue of this allowance as from the 1st. September 1891, or such other date subsequent thereto as the Officers of the Royal Marines may be employed on detached duty at any of the Naval Powder Magazines, &c.

The Lords Commissioners of Your Majesty's Treasury have signified their concurrence in this proposal.

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An Officer of The Royal Marines Light Infantry.

It was during the time of the Marines' residence that a windmill to supply fresh water was constructed at the depot. The machine, 16 feet and supported on a 70 foot high square steel trellis, was purchased from John Wallis Titt's Iron Works in Warminster in 1873 for the sum of £155. It was in operation by the following year. For the next four years the windmill was in use continuously but it appears to have been the cause of grievance on more than one occasion.

In a letter dated 9th November 1898, Captain Cox complained to the Naval Officer at Portsmouth that for some considerable time the water has not accumulated in the tank to the slightest degree. Only three months later Captain Cox reported, It has been found almost impossible and extremely dangerous to attempt to stop the windmill from working during a storm or in a gale of wind.

At the turn of the century, the magazines were full to capacity, acting as a reserve unit for Portsmouth. Security was now undertaken by the Dockyard Division of the Metropolitan Police. At the outbreak of war in 1914, ammunition and the bulk of the Navy's gunpowder were stored at Marchwood, but between 1916 and 1918, all the magazines were emptied so that cordite could be stored there instead. This period saw a huge increase in the number of staff, from 21 at the begining of the war to 103 in 1918.

During the 1920s, due to the reorganization of the Metropolitan Police there was yet another change in security arrangements when it was decided that they should discontinue their service at Marchwood. Because the reorganization was so extensive, it was introduced piecemeal, begining with the country's arms depots then moving onto the dockyards. Since the Royal Marines had often undertaken a security role at depots and dockyards in the past, they were a natural choice to replace the Metropolitan Police. In 1923, the Royal Marine Police returned to Marchwood, staying there until they were absorbed into the Admiralty Civil Police Force in 1949

During the Second World War, Marchwood again acted as a reserve unit but this time for Priddy's Hard at

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Gosport and was the main depot for explosives for the reserve fleet. On the night of 19th June 1940, however, the depot suffered an air attack and 200 incendiary bombs caused the destruction of four of Matchwood’s magazines and a full storehouse. About 229,000 rounds of Oerlikon ammunition together with 127,000 lbs. of cordite were detonated and the huge explosions seriously damaged cottages a hundred yards away. Nine thousand empty crates in the storehouse were also lost.

A second attack in December of that year destroyed yet another magazine but by January 1942 all of the buildings destroyed in the air raids had been rebuilt.

During the post war period Marchwood continued to provide storage space for the overflow of ammunition from Priddy's Hard. It also housed shells and small arms for coastal minesweepers and anti-aircraft fire.

In the late 1950s the Navy began to cut down on the size of the Fleet, weaponry had become refined and the location of Marchwood was now considered to be geographically unsuitable.

Marchwood Yacht Club

Aerial view of the jetty showing the buildings that are now the club room and committee room. As you can see the boat compound was full of trees which surrounded Ordnance House. The name can still be seen on the pillars between the club and committee room.

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Piling for the new power station in 1953. Club room in the background

Committee Room

Power Station being built with MYC Jetty in background at low tide. The jetty was demolished when the container dock was built. The jetty had bronze rails running the full length which were used to move the high explosives. The old jetty ran out at 90° to Magazine 'A' and the Receiving Room. The Receiving Room is still on the foreshore. Dinghies were stored and launched from the jetty steps. The old flag pole was removed because of rot and the base support structure can now be seen at Hythe Marina. Boats were lifted over the wall from the creek and stored on the grass strip in front of the clubroom. Two cranes used to drive down the narrow public road access and every boat was lifted out in one weekend.

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Zara

Seaview Mermaid conversion owned by Adrian & Mike Turner in 1973

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The single storey building used to be the first clubroom. You now drive through this when approaching the club.

1983

1998

MYC Clubroom today

http://www.marchwoodyc.org.uk/index.php?m=1history

Copyright © David Legg 2009

2.06

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2.04

4. Marchwood Power Station

Marchwood Power Ltd is a joint venture between Ireland’s ESB International (ESBI) and Scottish & Southern Energy.

Scottish and Southern Energy (www.scottish-southern.co.uk) is one of the largest energy companies in the UK. It has agreed to supply gas to the plant and take its electricity output for an initial 15 years. Scottish and Southern Energy is a publicly quoted company with 8.45 million customers and over 10,000 MWs of installed generating capacity. Scottish and Southern Energy owns and operates 127,000 km of overhead electricity lines and underground cables in central southern England and the north of Scotland, delivering electricity to 3.5m homes, offices and business. It is also the owner of Airtricity, one of Europe”s largest renewable energy businesses.

ESBI (www.esbi.ie) is a wholly owned subsidiary of ESB, the national electricity company of Ireland. It started developing Marchwood Power in 2004. ESBI has had a presence in the British energy market since 1990 as joint owner of the Corby Power station for which it is also responsible for the plant operations and maintenance. This builds on the company’s portfolio of investment projects which most recently includes power plants in Spain and in Northern Ireland both of which successfully entered commercial operation in 2005.

Aerial View of the New Power Station

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Aerial View of the old Power Station

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http://www.marchwoodpower.com/

[email protected]

Geothermal Aquifer at Marchwood.

In the 1970s, a Department of Energy research programme identified possible sites of deep geothermal aquifers that contained water at a temperature high enough to provide heating for a number of buildings.

One such site was at the Marchwood power station on Southampton Water. A second well in the centre of Southampton itself found water at a depth of nearly 1,800 metres and at a temperature of 76°C. However, the size of the resource was deemed too small to develop the planned large-scale district heating scheme. The project was abandoned by the Department of Energy. At this point, the City Council went into partnership with Utilicom, a French-owned energy management company with experience in this area. They developed the scheme, which is now a thriving and expanding £4 million multi-source heating and chilling system.

The original well, which currently provides about a fifth of the system’s heat input, operates alongside CHP generators. These use conventional fuels to make electricity. The waste heat from this process is recovered for distribution through the 11-kilometre mains network. Southampton’s scheme also has conventional boilers for top-up and standby needs. More than 20 major consumers in the city centre are now served by the district heating scheme, including the Civic Centre, four hotels, the Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton Institute of Higher Education and an ASDA superstore. Recent developments include a district chilling system using the latest absorption chilling technology.

The geothermal well remains at the heart of the scheme. However, the current rate of flow is expected to decline eventually. The scheme delivers more than 30,000 megawatt hours of heat each year, alongside 4,000 megawatt hours of electricity sold from the generating plant plus 1,200 megawatt hours of power providing chilled water on tap.[/quote]

http://www.southampton.gov.uk/s-environment/energy/Geothermal/thescheme.aspx Read more:http://www.diynot.com/forums//viewtopic.php?t=264542&sid=ca0e016fb172ec6187dd228102461e6e#ixzz1GaD9cCDX

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Odds and Ends

History of bulk solar generation

Would you believe that the first solar power station designed to feed power into the UK grid was installed back in 1982? The 30kW project was conceived by Ownergy's Philip Wolfe together with Donald Swift-Hook of the CEGB and installed on the old coal yard of the Marchwood Power Station

The Pompey-sisters continued in their trade until 1960, when the oil-fired Marchwood Power Station opened. The need for coal was reduced. Subsequently, "Pompey Power" was sold, while "Pompey Light" continued until 1968, when she was scrapped in Antwerp.

Eight hectares of land were reclaimed in the 1920’s for the proposed Marchwood Power Station

2.05

Marchwood Incinerator

THE old incinerator tower which has dominated the skyline over Southampton Water for more than 30 years is about to disappear. Hampshire County Council has revealed that the huge building in Bury Road, Marchwood, is about to be torn down at a cost of £250,000. A county council spokesman confirmed that demolition work would start this week.

Marchwood county councillor David Harrison said: “Local people will be delighted that an ugly carbuncle is going to be removed. “The old incinerator is a prominent eyesore at one of the gateways to the New Forest area.”

Alan Shotter, chairman of Marchwood Parish Council, added: “At long last, after many promises made over the past three or four years, demolition is beginning. The incinerator should be down by the end of June, which will be a great day for Marchwood. It’s a blot on the landscape and I’m delighted it will soon be gone. It’s very much a case of goodbye and good riddance.”

The incinerator closed several years ago after failing to meet new environmental standards and has since been replaced by a new rubbish burner nearby.

Mel Kendal, the county council’s executive member for environment, said: “I’m delighted to confirm that the former incinerator will be demolished soon and I know that Marchwood residents will share my pleasure.”

The massive rectangular building at the northern end of the village is next door to a household waste recycling centre.

Cllr Kendal said its demolition would allow the county council to provide a more modern and efficient recycling centre that would enable Hampshire residents to dispose of bulky items and garden waste more easily.

http://www.thisishampshire.net/news/8131777.Incinerator_to_be_demolished/

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Supermarine Aviation Works Ltd.

Noel Pemberton-Billing set up a company, Pemberton-Billing Ltd, in 1913 to produce sea-going aircraft. In 1914, the P.B. 9 was to set a design and build record. Designed by Noel Pemberton-Billing and built by Hubert Scott-Paine:

On Friday, July 31st, 1914 Billing, who had just purchased a new Rolls-Royce was away in London securing the views of Admiral Sueter, Director of Air Services in the Air Department of the Admiralty, on the likely requirements for aircraft in the event of war with Germany. The following day he arrived back at Steep Hill and discussed war plans for the factory with Scott-Paine. The two men decided that the emergency meant that they should take on work that was most likely to assist the national effort. They concluded that there would be a demand for light, land-based scout aircraft rather than for flying boats, and Scotty immediately set to work putting their ideas on paper. The project was dubbed PB 9 and Scotty worked all that night at Steep Hill, drawing out the machine. He was convinced that the aircraft would be 'of great note and moment in the world'. War was declared on Germany the next day and Southampton was suddenly full of soldiers of the British Expeditionary Force departing from the Docks for France. Scotty finished two elevations that day and passed them to the works draughtsman, Carol Vasilesco, to 'correct and make good'. The outbreak of war naturally caused the cancellation of the order for the PB. 7 and the machine were never completed.

The story of the creation of PB 9, has since become one of the popular tales from the pioneering days of British Aviation. The machine was completed in a mere six days and ten hours, and acquired the sobriquet the 'Seven Day Bus'. Work started on August 4th. The drawings were completed, thirty new carpenters were started, the moulds were set out and the lines were chalked out on the mould loft floor. In a fanciful and romantic account of the creation of the 'Seven Day Bus', Billing was later to claim that the lines were chalked out on the factory walls and that he personally spent the week, day and night, without sleep, supervising the construction. In fact, he spent most of the week in London and it was Scott-Paine who worked day and night driving his craftsmen and teaching new hands their work. Sixty-eight men were employed on the project, and a boy was employed to play music on a gramophone as the work proceeded throughout each night. Scotty had to undertake the installation of the Gnome rotary engine personally as all of his mechanics had been called away to French and British air stations.

Scotty was working twenty hours a day, and by the end of the third day, the fuselage was up and wired, the engine plates were mounted in the fuselage, the tail fin and rudder were completed and the oil and petrol tanks were installed. On the Saturday, August 8th, the wings were erected, covered and wired ready for truing, all fittings of the chassis were finished and the main controls were completed. The project was speeded by Scotty's decision to use the wings assembly from the firm's Radley aircraft, which was so arranged that the assembled wing cellule could simply be slipped over the fuselage and bolted in position. Work continued throughout Saturday night and again Scotty had no sleep, and by Sunday the wings were ready for mounting on to the fuselage.

Billing returned from London at 12.30 PM on the Sunday. An exhausted Scott-Paine was not pleased to see his governor whom, he knew, would claim all the credit for his remarkable achievement. Scotty went off home to his digs and slept. He was back at the works at 4.30 AM on the Monday morning and by midday PB 9 was finished. 'It was', Scotty wrote, ' a world's record never before has there been a machine designed and built in a week before'.

Arrangements were made to carry out the test flight of PB 9 at Netley Common, near Southampton. At 4.00 AM the next morning, Tuesday 11

th August, Pemberton Billing towed the wing cellule to Netley behind his

Sheffield Simplex car. Scott-Paine followed in the work's lorry, towing the fuselage and all the gear needed for the test flight. The aircraft was quickly assembled and the wing cellule slipped into position before being fixed by U-bolts round the bottom longerons. Tommy Sopwith had lent his chief mechanic Victor Mahl and his test pilot Howard Pixton to assist Scott-Paine with the trials and Mahl was given the task of taking the machine into the air.

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Carol Vasilesco, Victor Mahl and Hubert Scott-Paine with PB 9 at Netley,

near Southampton, August 14th

1914.

A mishap occurred when Mahl, carrying out a taxiing test, crashed a wing tip into a fence. Scotty sent for men from the factory to repair the damage and soon the machine was ready to fly. After a short take-off run of thirty-six yards, Mahl took PB 9 into a steeply banked climbing left-hand turn. A reporter from Flight was present and estimated the rate of climb to be in the region of five hundred feet per minute and the speed to be about 75 mph: Mahl reported that the machine was exceptionally good to fly. The aviation press was mixed in its praise of Scott-Paine's achievement. Flight described the event as 'another fine achievement for Mr Pemberton Billing', while The Aeroplane offered the more caustic comment that 'Mr Pemberton-Billing has produced an aeroplane that flies...'.

Scotty spent the rest of the day trying, without much success, to erect a canvas hangar for PB 9 in the field before joining his triumphant team in a visit to a local cinema and a riotous party of celebration. At the cinema, the revellers took over the front two rows of seats and Ross commandeered the piano, playing music quite inappropriate to the film then being shown. The party was evicted by the manager and Scotty went off to bed to sleep for twenty-four hours. Fast Boats and Flying Boats. Adriane Rance. 1989

Upon election as an MP in 1916 Pemberton-Billing sold the company to his factory manager and long-time associate Hubert Scott-Paine who renamed the company Supermarine Aviation Works Ltd. The company became famous for its successes in the Schneider Trophy for seaplanes, especially the three wins in a row of 1927, 1929 and 1931.

In 1928 Vickers-Armstrongs took over Supermarine as Supermarine Aviation Works (Vickers) Ltd and in 1938 all Vickers-Armstrongs aviation interests were reorganised to become Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft) Ltd, although Supermarine continued to design, build and trade under its own name. The phrase Vickers Supermarine was applied to the aircraft.

2.06

5. THE BRITISH POWER BOAT COMPANY

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It all began at Shoreham, Sussex in 1890 with the birth of Hubert Scott-Paine. At an early age he became interested in aviation and spent many hours at the local aerodrome where he chatted to aviators and learnt about their machines. He became friendly with Noel Pemberton Billing another local resident with an interest in aviation and in 1913 they opened the Supermarine factory at Woolston, Southampton. Many successes followed including triumph in the 1922 Schneider Trophy Race with the Supermarine Sea Lion II. He sold his interests in Supermarine in 1923 and by any terms was then very wealthy.

In 1927 Hubert Scott-Paine bought the Hythe Shipyard and the British Power Boat Company was born. A keen sportsman, the first craft built were racing boats and fast cabin cruisers. His MISS ENGLAND racing boat won the World Championship from MISS AMERICA, at Daytona Beach in 1929.

His experience of hard chine planing hulls as used in racing made him realise that there was a military potential for this type of craft. The Admiralty were not interested at this time but the RAF borrowed one of his cruisers to see if it would be suitable as a seaplane tender. From this came an order for a prototype Seaplane Tender numbered RAF 200, a 37/2 ft craft and was delivered in March 1931. The trials were conducted by Aircraftsman T.E. Shaw (the famous Lawrence of Arabia) in the Cattewater at Plymouth. Shaw and Scott-Paine then entered into a collaboration which was to be of great service to British Power Boats. After successful trials and Shaw promoting the new craft, the RAF followed up with further orders for the 37Y2 ft ST (like ST 206) and even the Royal Navy eventually placed orders for similar craft for torpedo recovery and flag barges. The craft was also successful as a fast cabin cruiser, under the type name Sea Monarch.

Throughout the 1930's success continued with cruisers, racing boats and new classes of military boats. These included for the RAF, the 100 class HSLs (see HSL 102) and both the 40ft and 37V2ft Armoured Target Boats as well as the 16ft and 18ft planing dinghies, and for the Royal Navy several types of Fast Motor Boats and Flag Barges (see TARGET) and their version of the 16ft dinghy, known as the 16ft FMD. The private and commercial business was in full flow, with numerous types on offer, which included cruisers such as the Sea Lord and Sea Emperor, tenders for Imperial Airways, a 3714ft craft Island Enterprise for Red Funnel, a 45ft Armoured Customs Launch for China and even a 3714ft seaplane tender for the German flying boat base. Pleasure craft included the 35ft Sea Flash and the 20ft Sea Arrow (see Sea Arrow).

In 1935 the company received the first orders for MTBs for the Royal Navy. The 64ft type were thus numbered MTB I through to MTB 18, with later units being re-designated as MASB 1-6. On the 6th November 1938 the PV7O was launched and saw the start of a successful 70ft type MTBs and similar hulled MASB craft. With war clouds rising, production of military craft for all three services was stepped up and contracts to build types under licence were negotiated with ELCO in the USA, Canadian Vickers in Canada and the Cockatoo Boat Company in Australia. During WWII some 954 craft were built by the Hythe and Poole factories and 476 craft in the USA and Canada.

The WWII craft included the 7114ft MGB/MTB types (See MGB 81), and more of the same pre-war types for the Royal Navy, 24ft Marine Tenders and 4114ft Seaplane Tenders for the RAF (see 1502 & 1510) as well as the infamous 63ft HSLs (see HSL 142) and later the 68ft "Hants & Dorset" HSLs, the very similar 68ft Battlefield class High Speed Target Towing Launches (HSTTL), the 50ft Dickens class General Service Launches (GSL) and the 4414ft River class Fast Launches (See Avon & Humber) for the Army. The production of 1214ft Queen Gull targets continued at the Marchwood Facility (See Queen Gull). The RN had some of these craft as well, but also some larger target craft such as the Queen Pelican and the Queen Duck. Added to all this building activity, the company also carried out repairs to war damaged craft and also continued to develop prototypes for the war effort;- these included the 111ft LRRC which was built but never used and a design for an airborne lifeboat. There is also evidence of craft types in drawing form only, used for tender purposes, however it appears the orders and the craft were subsequently built by rival companies.

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Hubert Scott-Paine spent the war years in America and stayed on at the end of hostilities. He suffered a stroke in April 1946 and after a long illness died in April 1954. The production of boats at Hythe had much reduced after the War and the decision was taken to close down the yard late in 1946. The Army launch HUMBER was one of the last craft to be built by British Power Boats.

http://www.bmpt.org.uk/boatyards/BPB-Co/index.htm

The British Power Boat Company. In 1927 Hubert Scott-Paine bought the Hythe Shipyard and the British Power Boat Company was born.

2.06

Husbands Shipyard

Husbands Shipyard 2003

A SHIPYARD AT WAR - HUSBANDS YACHT YARD 1939 - 1945

Husbands Yacht builders moved from Teddington on the Thames to Marchwood in 1928 to establish their yacht building company in this area. In addition to this, they were also engaged in some ship repair and maintenance work, particularly with Oil Tankers calling at Fawley.

Because of their expertise at wooden boat construction their war orders were for this type of building. Their first order was for the Motor Minesweepers. These were built two at a time, end to end, in two large sheds. (One of the earliest covered building yards.) Each vessel used about 250 tons of oak which was required for the 6in. frames and lower planking. The upper planking utilised larch or similar timber. Husbands did much of the development work on these craft and their staff often advised other builders working on the programme. Modifications to the design or building technique initiated in the yard were frequently received from the Admiralty months later as an official alteration, much to the amusement of the builders.

Husbands were responsible for obtaining the materials required for the vessels under construction. This often involved many miles of traveling and difficult negotiations with firms attempting to maintain or hoard supplies for their own use "when the war was over ". Due to the shortage of seasoned wood many of the ships used" green" wood which reduced their working life. The search for suitable timber was complicated because, as in the days of" wooden walls" sections of wood with curved grain had to be found for the "knees" used to strengthen joints.

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Minesweeper in frame at Husbands 1941

To cope with the increased work load Husbands had to take on extra craftsmen. They retained their own shipwrights but also employed joiners from many of the local house builders. This had an unexpected bonus for these firms as it prevented their men being called up into the armed forces, and they had a full workforce at the end of the war ready for the post war building boom, Extra workers were also brought down from Glasgow, but they found the bombing raids too much of a hazard and returned to their own area.

Husbands suffered an early set back to their war work when on the night 29/30th. Dec. 1940 the yard was bombed and both building sheds set on fire, two of the minesweepers in them were too badly damaged to be repaired. It was also realised that when the slips were greased prior to launching a ship it made them very conspicuous from the air and encouraged even more bombing. For this reason as soon as a minesweeper was launched it was towed around to Bailey's Hard on the Beaulieu River for fitting out. In addition to hulls completed by their own work force, Husbands also built them for completion by other local firms such as the Southern Railways depot in the Decks which pre-war had maintained the Channel Island vessels.

Motor Minesweepers fitting out at Husbands 1941

Although the Motor Minesweepers lacked the power to tow sweeps for contact mines they were suitable for handling equipment for combating magnetic mines and later were fitted with an acoustic hammer on an "A" frame over the bows for countering the acoustic mine. The suitability of wood for their construction was illustrated when one of the vessels built at the yard was damaged by a mine which witnesses claimed lifted it clear of the water, but due to the wood's natural flexibility, the damage was repairable. The crew were not quite so fortunate, they all had broken ankles.

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The Motor Minesweepers had limited use post war so they were quickly scrapped, but Husbands did convert two for the Salvesen Whaling Fleet for the duty of towing dead whales to the factory ship.

The MFV's (Motor Fishing Vessels ) were smaller vessels based on the Seine net fishing boats. Also of wooden construction, they were widely used as tenders, small store carriers and a variety of other uses. Their smaller size meant that 5 or 6 of them could be built diagonally in each shed at the same time. They were launched sideways.

When the MFV's were completed "ferry crews" were used to take them to their destination. The officer in charge of one such crew, who made several trips from Marchwood, was C.H.Lightoller who as a 2nd Officer had survived the sinking of the Titanic. These small vessels were much more useful after the war, a number remained in Naval or Army (RCT) service and many were converted as fishing boats. A few still survive to the present day.

In addition to building wooden warships, Husbands were also fully involved with the repair and maintenance of a wide variety of ships. They repaired a large number of damaged Landing Craft but because these were steel hulled they had to bring in boilermakers from other shipyards. This didn't always work out too well as the strong union background of these workers created problems when repairs needed to be done quickly.

After D-Day, Husbands were fully engaged with the maintenance of the U.S.Army vessels tasked with laying the "Pluto" oil pipeline across the Channel. The American armed services had expanded so rapidly that many of the men involved in this job had little or no marine experience, so the yard had to carry out some basic training with them.

Post war, construction of boats decreased, but the firm expanded its ship repair interests and the name became Husbands Ltd. Even today however, they have a reputation for repairing wooden vessels and sailing ships of this type can often be seen at their yard.

We are indebted to Mr Richard Husband for his help in producing this article and hope it has given some insight into the wartime activities of one of our area's shipyards. So many such companies have disappeared over the years that it is a reflection of the strength of this family firm that it has continued in service until the present day.

HUSBANDS YACHT YARD 1980's

A letter was sent by the Ministry of Defence in July 1982 to Mr B W Husband’s referring to the Falklands crisis.

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MFV 819 seen in May 2004 at Kemps Quay, Southampton. Now named "Sreenuous" ex "Cragoustan". Ordered from Fairmile and built by Thompson E Balfour, Boness,

West Lothian in 1945. (Courtesy Phil Simons. Photo courtesy R Hellyer)

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Husbands Shipyard 1950's. Mauretania and New Australia ? in background

Husbands Shipyard (above). Post War - late 1940s. Off jetty - Coaster, ex armed trawler (no funnel

but gun tubs on bridge wings) 2 MFVs, 3 Launches. On slip way 2 coasters and various other craft.

2 small craft on slipways in sheds

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http://www.bmpt.org.uk/boatyards/index.htm

2.07

Marchwood Railway Station

Station Name: MARCHWOOD

[Source: Nick Catford]

Date opened: 20.7.1925

Location: On the south side of Hythe Road

Company on opening: Southern Railway

Date closed to passengers: 14.2.1966

Date closed completely: 14.2.1966

Company on closing: British Railways (Southern Region)

Present state: There have been few changes in the station since closure. The station building is now a private residence.

County: Hampshire

OS Grid Ref: SU384101

Date of visit: December 1975 & 21.1.2006

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Notes: The first plans for a railway in the area dated from 1860 but it was to take more than 60 years before Fawley finally saw a train service. In the 19th century there were elaborate plans for a railway line to Stone Point (to the south of Fawley) to connect with a Solent tunnel to link the mainland with the Isle of Wight. In the early years of the 20th century it seemed that a railway-operated bus service might negate the need for a railway at all.

At the beginning of the war the Fawley district was still essentially rural in character and apart from farming and fishing there were few industries. The construction of the oil refinery in 1920/21 by Anglo Gulf West Indies Petroleum Corporation Limited was to change the Fawley area forever. Opening of the railway finally came in 1925, a Light Railway Order having been sought as long ago as 1903, a single track branch from Totton to Fawley was constructed and opened on 20 July 1925. There were intermediate stations at Marchwood and Hythe, but the line was mostly noted for its numerous ungated crossings. Even thought Fawley and Hythe were close to the seaplane bases on Southampton Water, passenger traffic was never heavy.

Branch train's commenced from either Southampton Terminus or Central stations, being little changed from inception until the 1950s. The railway's salvation was the dramatic buildup of oil traffic from the refinery at Fawley.

As only tank locomotives were permitted because of lack of turning facilities and the ungated level crossings, loaded wagons soon proved to be beyond the resources of one, or even two, small engines. Robert Urie's hefty Pacific tanks, the 'H16' class built in 1921, were tried out early in 1960 and soon became a familiar sight on the oil trains - even they needed assistance up from Fawley. A loop was put in at Marchwood to allow trains to pass on the 9-mile branch. With the withdrawal of the `H 16' tanks during 1962, they were replaced by the freight-only Class W 2-6-4T locomotives dispatched from London; again, double-heading proved necessary with loaded trains. In 1964, diesel locomotives took over and were allowed to travel through to Fawley.

Steam was displaced on the passenger services by Hampshire DEMU's in 1960, but this proved only a temporary arrangement as closure took place from 14 February 1966.

The lone still remains open serving the oil refinery at Fawley and all crossings now have gates, half-barriers or flashing lights. At Marchwood the Army maintains a small standard-gauge system at the Marchwood Military Port, with access to Fawley branch at the southern extremity of the station. During the 1950's reservists were carried by through trains from Waterloo to Marchwood Military Siding.

Further reading: The Totton, Hythe & Fawley Light Railway by J. A. Fairman: Oakwood Press 2002 ISBN 0853615845

To see the other stations on the Totton, Hythe & Fawley Light Railway click on the station name: Hythe & Fawley

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Marchwood Station in December 1975 Photo by Nick Catford

8. Map –Marchwood Railway Station

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Hampshire DEMU at Marchwood in February 1966 Photo by David Fereday Glenn

LCGB 'New Forester' railtour at Marchwood in March 1966 Photo by Graham T V Stacey (from 30937 Photographic Group web site)

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Marchwood Station in 2004

http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/m/marchwood/

9. The Church of St Johns the Apostle

St Johns Church, Marchwood.

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The Church of St. John the Apostle, Marchwood, was built 1839-1843 at the instigation of Mr. Horatio Francis Kingsford Holloway. It is a Commissioners' Church erected by Public Subscription with Mr. Holloway as the principal subscriber. The Church Building Society provided a small loan. Mr Holloway later provided the funds for the Village School.

H.F.K. Holloway was a man of some wealth who had inherited his maternal grandfather's fortune and adopted his surname. Mr. Holloway's family name was Martelli. The census of 1851 revealed that he was born in the parish of St. Clement Dane, London in 1808. Fosters Guide to Oxford shows that he was admitted to Brasenose College, Oxford in 1826. His brothers, Thomas and Charles, followed him to Oxford; Charles to Trinity in 1828 and Thomas to Brasenose in 1833.

In 1834 Mr. Holloway purchased Marchwood Park, a regency mansion built in 1820, now Marchwood Priory Hospital. In 1841 he married Mary Ann Breton who was a daughter of Peter Breton, Deputy Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. Peter Breton and his wife are commemorated in the West Window of Marchwood Church.

Horatio Holloway afterwards became High Sheriff of Hampshire.

Thomas Chessher Martelli, Mr. Holloway's brother, obtained his degree and was ordained. He became Priest in Charge and thereafter the first Vicar of Marchwood.

Samuel Wilberforce, who was then Vicar of Alverstoke, Gosport, Archdeacon of Surrey and a Chaplain to the Queen, and later became Bishop of Oxford, attended the consecration of the building.

The Architect was J. M. Derick. The style of the church is Early English which is unusual for a building of its date. The style only became popular a few years later. The Chancel and the Sedelia mark the church as a possible product of the Oxford Movement.

John MacDuff Derick was the architect whom Dr. Pusey chose to design St. Saviour's Church, Cavalier Hill, Leeds. St. Saviour's was built in memory of Dr. Pusey's wife and daughter. Derick was born in Ireland and practised in Oxford, at first in partnership with Mr. Hickman. He later had offices in London. He flourished between 1838 and 1848 after which he moved to Dublin. Clark, in "Nineteenth Century English Church Builders" indicates that he resigned his profession but had to take it up again after some misfortunes. He moved to the U.S.A. and is said to have practised there. "The Builder" of 1861 announced his death and said that his wife was in England seeking financial assistance.

Falkland Memorial Stone

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Memorial Stone Detail

The RFA Falklands Memorial with is at The Church of St John The Apostle in Marchwood [Picture: Royal Navy]

10. Gospel Church

Gospel Church, Marchwood

History of the Gospel Church, Marchwood. By Roland Drake

It was in the early 1800’s that the Above Bar Congregational Church in Southampton established a number of daughter churches in the adjacent villages and towns, including Marchwood. Marchwood Chapel as it was then known served the local community for over one hundred years, until it closed down due to lack of numbers in 1939.

In 1941 a new group of Christians from various denominational backgrounds, (an Evangelical Alliance in miniature), established a new worshipping fellowship, first called a Gospel Mission and then The Gospel Church. The new church was very much children and youth orientated, and ministry to the younger generation has not only continued over the years, but has been very successful too. The establishing of the new church coincided with the arrival of hundreds of army personnel to work on the construction of the military port and railway, and the members of the church responded by providing a rest room for these soldiers who were living in atrocious conditions in tented accommodation nearby.

The church has always recognized Marchwood village as its ‘parish’ for evangelistic purposes, but it has also welcomed, and has been strengthened, by Christians from the area who have shared its mainstream evangelical ethos.

Although an Independent church, denomination wise, we have always practised interdependence in our relationships with other local churches, and have valued both the help received and the privilege of giving and sharing with others. To this end, it was felt right to officially affiliate ourselves to the Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches, the Evangelical Alliance both nationally and locally, and the association covering the local Waterside Churches.

Being served for many years by local ministers and lay preachers, the church has always enjoyed a first class teaching ministry, and this has continued in recent years under a settled pastorate and invited visiting preachers. This ministry has stirred the church on particularly in the area of service to our neighbours, and many of our members serve in various ways in local voluntary community organisations.

The original small church building inherited from the Congregational Union was partially destroyed by fire on January 16th 2002, and it was found possible to rebuild on site. Although restricted in site area, it was found possible to erect a two-story building making the most of the space available, and this is our main

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base today, although we do use local schools and the Village hall for some of our Church and social activities.

Although not captives to the past, we believe our history has given us the rich heritage we enjoy today and that is reflected in vibrant preaching, a diversity of worship styles and a wide social ministry that is very much appreciated by our local community.

Marchwood Gospel Church

Marchwood Gospel Church, Long Lane, Marchwood Southampton SO40 4WR

Website: http://www.gospelchurchmarchwood.org.uk/

11. New Forest Community Church

New Forest Community

Church

New Forest Community Church meet at

Marchwood Village Hall,

Vicarage Road,

Marchwood,

Southampton,

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Hampshire,

SO40 4SX

Pastor: Tony Rozee

Website:http://www.newforestcommunitychurch.org.uk/

12. Marchwood Women’s Institute

Marchwood Women's Institute

Last updated on Tuesday, November 16, 2004 23:38 BST

Marchwood Women’s Institute

Marchwood is situated to the west of Southampton on the Waterside. The first WI meeting was held on May 11th 1921, when 45 members were enrolled. The President was Lady Crofton and Miss R Longman, Secretary and Treasurer.

Our meetings take place on the second Tuesday of each Month (with the exception of August) @ 7.15pm and are held in Marchwood Village Hall which is situated in the Village Centre. Marchwood currently have 54 members.

Any enquiries please contact the following:

PRESIDENT Pauline 023 80844335 Or SECRETARY Peggy 023 80869140

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13. Marchwood Parish Council Listed Buildings

Marchwood Listed Buildings

A number of buildings in Marchwood are listed as being of special architectural or historic interest. Marchwood Parish Council has asked for the list of buildings to make sure that anything in our village that should be on this list is included. Here is the current list. Please do let us know if there is any building in Marchwood that you think should be included.

• Marchwood Green Farmhouse - Main Road • Staplewood Farmhouse • Former Police Barracks at Royal Navel Armaments Depot - Magazine Lane • Frobisher Court and attached wall - Magazine Lane • Entrance Lodge and gates, Former magazines and Enclosure Walls, Former Receiving rooms and former examining room and associated walls at various sites, former Royal Naval Armaments Depot • Marchwood Yacht Club (former entrance lodges) and attached wall and gates • Former A (No 1) Magazine , 100m N of Magazine Yacht Club Offices • Blast walls around Royal Armaments Depot. • Pear Tree Cottages - No’s 1 - 3 • The White Horse Public House - Main Road • Church of St. John’s The Apostle - Main Road • Marchwood Green Farmhouse (North West side) - Main Road • Marchwood House - Marchwood Park • Bury Farmhouse, Icehouse and Granary - Marchwood Road • Dun Clagh - Twiggs Lane

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14. British Listed Buildings Marchwood Parish

Listed Buildings in Marchwood, Hampshire, England Some building names may be abbreviated or partial; this is how they are recorded in the original register.

See buildings on parish map (Warning: this may be very slow to load if there are a large number of listed buildings in this parish)

Blast Wall Around Rebuilt Magazine at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 250m West of Entrance Lodg Grade II Quayside Walk, Marchwood, Hampshire

Bury Farm House Grade II Marchwood, Hampshire

Church of St John the Apostle Grade II Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire

Dun Clagh Grade II Marchwood, Hampshire

Former a (no. 1) Magazine and Enclosure Walls, 100m N of Marchwood Yacht Club Offices Grade II Portside Close, Marchwood, Hampshire

Former Examining Room and Associated Walls at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m North West of Grade II Marchwood

Former Magazine and Associated Blast Walls at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 200m Wnw of Entran Grade II Boardwalk Way, Marchwood, Hampshire

Former Receiving Room at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m North of Entrance Lodge (marchwood Grade II Portside Close, Marchwood, Hampshire

Frobisher Court and Attached Wall Grade II Fawley, Hampshire

Granary 5 Metres West of Bury Farmhouse Grade II Marchwood, Hampshire

Icehouse 25 Metres North of Bury Farmhouse Grade II Marchwood Road, Marchwood, Hampshire

Malthouse Farmhouse Grade II

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Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire

Marchwood Green Farmhouse Grade II Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire

Marchwood House Grade II* Marchwood, Hampshire

Marchwood Primary School Grade II 2 Twiggs Lane, Marchwood, Hampshire

Marchwood Yacht Club (former Entrance Lodges) and Attached Wall and Gates Grade II Magazine Lane, Marchwood, Southampton, Hampshire, England.

Pear Tree Cottages 1-3 Grade II 4 Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire

Staplewood Farmhouse Grade II Marchwood, Hampshire

The White House Public House Grade II 3 Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire

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15. Blast Wall around Rebuilt Magazine at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 250m West of Entrance Lodge

Grade II Quayside Walk, Marchwood, Hampshire

DESCRIPTION: Blast Wall around Rebuilt Magazine at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 250m West of Entrance Lodge

GRADE: II DATE LISTED: 21 May 1985

OS GRID REFERENCE: SU3900011445 OS GRID COORDINATES: 439000, 111445 LATITUDE/LONGITUDE: 50.9012, -1.4468

LOCATION: Quayside Walk, Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4AH

LOCALITY: Marchwood LOCAL AUTHORITY: New Forest COUNTY: Hampshire COUNTRY: England POSTCODE: SO40 4AH

MARCHWOOD 1860/5/38 MAGAZINE LANE

21-MAY-85 Blast wall around rebuilt magazine at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 250 west of Entrance Lodge

GVII. Blast wall. 1814. Red brick Portland stone coping. Surrounds rebuilt (unlisted) magazine. Gateways to N (blocked) and S. Each flanked by square piers, with round-headed recessed panels, surmounted by slightly projecting panels. D magazine, which this blast wall related to, was destroyed through enemy action in 1940. The walls were subject to some alteration in 1990s when Hawkins Court was built.

HISTORY: Marchwood was conceived in 1811 as a store depot like Tipner (Portsmouth). Potential canal communications from Southampton water were the Redbridge-Andover, Northampton-Winchester and Bursledon-Botley navigations. This was to be a 20,000 barrel magazine with two 10,000 barrel magazines the preferred disposition. In the event, and after deliberation resulting the adoption of submitted in 1811 by Sir William Congreve over those by General Fisher (commanding officer of the Portsmouth Royal Engineers' Department), 3 magazines each with a 6,800 capacity were built, with a small internal L-shaped channel for moving barrels by barge and a centrally-placed Shifting House. The shortcomings revealed through the Crimean War brought about the decision to increase storage capability, and additional magazines were built at Marchwood, Tipner and Upnor. In July 1853, the CRE Portsmouth had been asked to prepare a report on the expense of making Marchwood serviceable again. The magazines were ordered in September, to be made fit to receive powder from Dover. In November the floor of No. 3 Magazine was ordered to be made good before the establishment was re-established as a Powder Station and Officers appointed. This, effectively the second foundation of Marchwood, was marked by a vast increase in its storage, four new magazines, three of 14,400 and one of 9,600 barrels capacity being built in 1856-7. A Times article of 1864 noted that Marchwood was 'the largest magazine in the Kingdom', with a capacity of 76,000 barrels of powder. The establishment began to be wound down soon afterwards, there being 45 employees in 1898. B, E, F and G magazines were destroyed by the Luftwaffe in June 1940, and the Admiralty's use of the depot declined steeply after 1945: it was closed in 1961.

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(Roger Bowdler, Former Board of Ordnance Gunpowder Magazines, Magazine Lane, Marchwood, Hampshire, Historical Analysis and Research Team, English Heritage, 1997)

16.

Bury Farm House Grade II Marchwood, Hampshire

DESCRIPTION: Bury Farm House

GRADE: II DATE LISTED: 10 June 1987

OS GRID REFERENCE: SU3909309947 OS GRID COORDINATES: 439093, 109947 LATITUDE/LONGITUDE: 50.8877, -1.4456

LOCATION: Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4PA

LOCALITY: Marchwood LOCAL AUTHORITY: New Forest

COUNTY: Hampshire COUNTRY: England

POSTCODE: SO40 4PA

MARCHWOOD MARCHWOOD ROAD SU 31 SE 5/31 Bury Farm House GV II House. C16 timber-framed lobby entrance house, with cross wings, with C18 cladding and C20 renovation. Walls of brickwork, some of English bond, and some painted, with a high plinth to part, some cambered openings, part-exposure of frame in one wing. Tile roof half-hipped to part, with cat slide to one wing, gabled and hipped dormers. A rectangular block with cross wings and out-shouts, one storey with attic. South-west front of 1.2.1 windows. C20 casements and C20 porch. Listing NGR: SU3909309947

Source: English Heritage

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17. Church of St John the Apostle

Church of St John the Apostle Grade II Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire

DESCRIPTION: Church of St John the Apostle

GRADE: II DATE LISTED: 10 June 1987

OS GRID REFERENCE: SU3839410170 OS GRID COORDINATES: 438394, 110170 LATITUDE/LONGITUDE: 50.8897, -1.4555

LOCATION: Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4UA

LOCALITY: Marchwood LOCAL AUTHORITY: New Forest

COUNTY: Hampshire COUNTRY: England

POSTCODE: SO40 4UA

In the entry for: MARCHWOOD MAIN ROAD SU 31 SE 5/2 Church of St John The Apostle GV II the serial number shall be amended to read: 5/39 ------------------------------------ MARCHWOOD MAIN ROAD SU 31 SE 5/2 Church of St John The Apostle GV II Parish church. 1847 by J Derick, repaired after 1945. Yellow brick with stone dressings, slate roof. Plan of chancel, nave with gabled transepts and south aisles with south-west tower. Disproportionately tall church in style between that of commissioners and Ecclesiological Early English. Externally, at east chancel of 2 bays with angle buttresses on corners and flat buttresses between bays, all with sloping at string level. Triple lancet with label and quatrefoil in gable to east. Kneelered gable wall with cross. Lancet with label in each bay. Machicolated eaves. To north-west bay low gabled vestry built out of north transept, with large diagonally set corner stack and rectangular lancet on each face. Nave has east kneelered gable wall with cross. Short north and longer south transepts have angle buttresses with sloping steps at level of sill string. Kneelered gable wall and triple lancet with label. South transept has each side paired lancet with label. Nave has to north 4 bays with flat buttress between them, having step at level of sill level string. In each bay paired lancet with label, except single lancet to narrower west bay. To south lean-to aisle of 2 bays with paired lancet in each and flatbuttress between. West end of nave has angle buttress to north corner. 2-order pointed west door with label. Large 2-light plate tracery west window with quatrefoil in head and label. Quatrefoil in gable and kneelered gable wall. South-west tower of 3 stages with broach spire. Large clasping corner buttresses which step with stages. 2 south buttresses have setback buttresses up to 2nd stage. North-west buttress has square-section pyramid roofed stair tower up to 2nd stage. Lowest stage has pointed 2-order south door and tall lancet to west. 2nd stage has rectangular lancet to east and west and lancet

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in gablet to south. Blind pointed arcade around top of stage on all faces with unequal trefoiled arches to south. Top stage has plate tracery 2-light bell opening. Machicolated eaves. Stone spire with gablet on each face. Inside scale is grand, but detailing oversized and heavy. Fittings all C19 originals Font copy of Tournai marble font in Winchester Cathedral. Stained glass in east window. Pevsner; Buildings of England; Hampshire; 1966; p 329. Listing NGR: SU3839410170

Source: English Heritage

18. Dun Clagh

Dun Clagh Grade II Marchwood, Hampshire

Description: Dun Clagh

Grade: II Date Listed: 10 June 1987

OS Grid Reference: SU3848409340 OS Grid Coordinates: 438484, 109340 Latitude/Longitude: 50.8823, -1.4543

Location: Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4UN

Locality: Marchwood Local Authority: New Forest

County: Hampshire Country: England

Postcode: SO40 4UN

MARCHWOOD TWIGGS LANE, SU 31 NE 8/5 Dun Clagh GV II House, built as the Rectory 1846, by Woodyer. Walls of rubble stonework with Bath stone dressings, brick service wing and outbuildings. C20 roof of interlocking pantiles (replacing tiles), tiles to wing. A Gothic house of T-shaped, modified by two storeyed porch, half-hexagonal (rear) staircase wing and single storeyed wings; two storeys and attic. The north entrance front has a gable projection at the west side, with a porch in the angle, of 2.1.1 windows. There is a variety of windows in Gothic style, small coupled lancets, taller cusped lancets in groups of 3 and 4, and coupled mullioned and transomed lights with simple tracery; all with casements. Other elevations have similar features with irregular but balanced treatment. West of the house there is a yard, containing a wing and outbuildings, with a high enclosing wall of brickwork. Inside, original features still remain, with stained glass in the traceried windows. Listing NGR: SU3848409340

Source: English Heritage

NB,. On the 17.03.2011. We visited Dun Clagh and met Mr B Nuttall, who very pleasantly, declined my request to photograph, the building. He said that he purchased the place about 15 years ago as it seemed a very pleasant a private house and gardens. Standing some 50 metres up a driveway, out of sight from the road. He is in the directory Tel. o2380862426 *****************************

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19.

Former a (no. 1) Magazine and Enclosure Walls, 100m N of Marchwood Yacht Club Offices Grade II - Portside Close, Marchwood, Hampshire

DESCRIPTION: Former a (no. 1) Magazine and Enclosure Walls, 100m N of Marchwood Yacht Club Offices

GRADE: II DATE LISTED: 21 May 1985

OS GRID REFERENCE: SU3925311502 OS GRID COORDINATES: 439253, 111502 LATITUDE/LONGITUDE: 50.9017, -1.4431

LOCATION: Portside Close, Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4AL

LOCALITY: Marchwood LOCAL AUTHORITY: New Forest COUNTY: Hampshire COUNTRY: England POSTCODE: SO40 4AL

MARCHWOOD 1860/5/34 MAGAZINE LANE

21-MAY-85 Former A (No. 1) magazine and enclosure walls,100m N of Marchwood Yacht Club offices. (Formerly listed as: MAGAZINE LANE. Former magazine at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 100m north of Entrance Lodge).

GV II

The former A (No.1) Magazine at Marchwood was built between 1814 and 1816 using plans drawn up by Lieutenant-General Sir William Congreve, Bt., Colonel Commandant of the Royal Artillery and Controller of the Royal Laboratory at Woolwich. It is a brick construction which originally had a roof of pantile and slate.

DESCRIPTION: In plan the magazine is a simple rectangular building within a rectangle formed by its outer enclosure wall. Both the magazine and enclosure have red brick walls. The enclosure has a gate to its south. The corresponding entrance on the north side is incorporated into the Receiving Room building. The existing gateway is flanked by square piers, each having a round-headed recessed panel surmounted by a slightly-projecting square panel.

Originally the magazine had a triple-pitched roof with prominent lightning conductors. It has three windows at each end with a small stone ledge under each window. There are, in addition, small ventilation openings in the magazine wall set within Portland stone surrounds, which originally had wooden doors. These ventilation openings complimented the voids built into the brickwork to facilitate the circulation of air to prevent damp.

The interior fittings of the magazines are no longer present, but would have had rows of racking for the storage of the powder barrels and copper fittings.

HISTORY: The threat of French invasion in 1779, and the advent of the Napoleonic Wars caused a dramatic reform in the way that gunpowder was stored and issued in Britain. Until the later years of the C18 storage facilities for gunpowder required a bombproof structure. Most powder was stored in old fortifications or more recently constructed similar massive vaulted buildings. At this time the two sites of gunpowder production in the country were at Waltham Abbey and Faversham, both of which were established in the C17, and acquired by the Crown in the C18. Under the new system, the powder produced here was stored at eight depots around the country, from where it was issued as needed. These depots were at Purfleet, Tilbury, Gravesend,

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Upnor Castle, Priddy's Hard, Tipner Point (both within Portsmouth Harbour), Keyham Point (Devonport), and Picket Field in Berkshire. In addition to these, a magazine in Hyde Park supplied London, and other powder was stored in floating magazines in the River Medway, at Portsmouth and at Plymouth. In 1811 it was decided to increase the number of depots, and to replace the floating magazines with more permanent storage facilities. With this in mind, four new magazines were built; at Dorchester, Carmarthen, North Hyde and Marchwood. Of these four magazines, Marchwood was the largest, and remained in service for the longest time. At this time gunpowder was stored in barrels, each containing 90 lbs of powder. The Marchwood site was intended to store 20,000 barrels. In its initial design the Marchwood Depot was to contain the 20,000 barrels in one enormous magazine. By 1807 the Board of Ordnance had realised the importance of the provision of separate buildings for examining powder and other functions at magazines. After much deliberation about the design of the depot, it was decided to construct three magazines, placed as far apart as possible, each having the capacity for 6,800 barrels. Built into the design was Congreve's revolutionary idea of using `soft top' roofs (which, because of the low resistance in the roof, allowed any accidental blast to go upwards rather than outwards), hollow wall construction to reduce the risk of damp penetration (patented by John Groves in 1809), and a canal to move the barrels by barge from magazine to magazine. Although canal communication was used in the major Ordnance factories, the small canal just to the south of the magazines used for moving barrels by barge is thought to be unique. The powder from Marchwood was used to supply the smaller Portsmouth magazines at Priddy's Hard and Tipner Point and also to supply the fleet off Spithead.

At Marchwood the three magazines, together with the ancillary buildings and the perimeter wall, were built between 1814 and 1816. Magazine A (No.1) is the only one of the three original magazines to survive. The other early magazines, D (No.2) and G (No.3) were destroyed in 1940. Four more magazines were added in 1856-7 due to the shortcomings revealed by the Crimean War. This effective second foundation of Marchwood took its storage capacity to three magazines of 14,400 and one of 9,600 barrels. By 1864 it was the largest magazine in the country, according to the Times, with a capacity of 76,000 barrels. The canal was by now superseded by a roller way. The Board of Ordnance was abolished in 1856, and the War Office took over its responsibilities. In 1890 control of Marchwood was handed over to the Navy. The establishment began to be wound down soon afterwards, and a number of Marchwood's magazines were destroyed by bombing in 1940. The Depot was closed in 1961.

SUMMARY OF IMPORTANCE: Despite the loss of some of its elements, Magazine A at Marchwood retains those important features which identify it as a significant landmark in magazine construction. It dates from a period which marks a new approach to the concept of gunpowder storage, and of which there are no similar listed examples. It also has strong group value with the other surviving buildings at the Marchwood Depot.

SOURCES: Former Board of Ordnance Gunpowder Magazines Magazine Lane, Marchwood, Hampshire - by Roger Bowdler, Historical Analysis and Research Team English Heritage - November 1997.

Thematic Survey of the Ordnance Yards and Magazine Depots Summary Report - Thematic Listing Programme - Final Draft January 2003.

Source: English Heritage

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20.

Former Examining Room and Associated Walls at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m North West of Entrance Lodge.

Grade II

Marchwood

DESCRIPTION: Former Examining Room and Associated Walls at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m North West of Entrance Lodge.

GRADE: II DATE LISTED: 21 May 1985

We don't have any geographic location information for this building. Help fix that!

LOCALITY: Marchwood LOCAL AUTHORITY: New Forest COUNTY: Hampshire COUNTRY: England

MARCHWOOD 1860/5/36 MAGAZINE LANE 21-MAY-85 Former examining room and associated walls at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m north west of Entrance Lodge (Marchwood Yacht Club offices) (Formerly listed as: MAGAZINE LANE Former examining room at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m north west of Entrance Lodge) GV II Examining rooms, now derelict. Built 1814, for un-heading barrels and examining contents. Red brick walls, roofs of grey slate laid to diminishing courses; camber gauged brick arches to openings. Two large rooms, each with separate roof hipped to front and rear entered via gabled porches with six panelled doors, flanked by 2 x 6 pane sash windows. Surrounded by brick blast walls, with gates to front (north) and blocked) to rear (south), flanked by square piers each with a round-headed recessed panel surmounted by a slightly projecting square panel. HISTORY: Marchwood was conceived in 1811 as a store depot like Tipner (Portsmouth). Potential canal communications from Southampton water were the Redbridge-Andover, Northampton-Winchester and Bursledon-Botley navigations. This was to be a 20,000 barrel magazine with two 10,000 barrel magazines the preferred disposition. In the event, and after deliberation resulting the adoption of submitted in 1811 by Sir William Congreve over those by General Fisher (commanding officer of the Portsmouth Royal Engineers' Department), 3 magazines each with a 6,800 capacity were built, with a small internal L-shaped channel for moving barrels by barge and a centrally-placed Shifting House. The shortcomings revealed through the Crimean War brought about the decision to increase storage capability, and additional magazines were built at Marchwood, Tipner and Upnor. In July 1853, the CRE Portsmouth had been asked to prepare a report on the expense of making Marchwood serviceable again. The magazines were ordered in September to be made fit to receive powder from Dover, and in November the floor of No. 3 Magazine was ordered to be made good before the establishment was re-established as a Powder Station and Officers appointed. This, effectively the second foundation of Marchwood, was marked by a vast increase in its storage, four new magazines, three of 14,400 and one of 9,600 barrels capacity being built in 1856-7. A Times article of 1864 noted that Marchwood was 'the largest magazine in the Kingdom', with a

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capacity of 76,000 barrels of powder. The establishment began to be wound down soon afterwards, there being 45 employees in 1898. B, E, F and G magazines were destroyed by the Luftwaffe in June 1940, and the Admiralty's use of the depot declined steeply after 1945: it was closed in 1961. (Roger Bowdler, Former Board of Ordnance Gunpowder Magazines, Magazine Lane, Marchwood, Hampshire, Historical Analysis and Research Team, English Heritage, 1997)

Source: English Heritage

21.

Former Magazine and Associated Blast Walls at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 200m Wnw of Entrance Grade II Boardwalk Way, Marchwood, Hampshire

DESCRIPTION: Former Magazine and Associated Blast Walls at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 200m Wnw of Entrance Lodge (Marchwood Yacht Club offices)

GRADE: II DATE LISTED: 21 May 1985

OS GRID REFERENCE: SU3906311472 OS GRID COORDINATES: 439063, 111472 LATITUDE/LONGITUDE: 50.9014, -1.4459

LOCATION: Boardwalk Way, Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4AB

LOCALITY: Marchwood LOCAL AUTHORITY: New Forest

COUNTY: Hampshire COUNTRY: England

POSTCODE: SO40 4AB

MARCHWOOD 1860/5/37 MAGAZINE LANE 21-MAY-85 Former magazine and associated blast walls at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 200m WNW of Entrance Lodge (Marchwood Yacht Club offices) (Formerly listed as: MAGAZINE LANE Former magazine at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 200m WNW of Entrance Lodge) GV II Magazine, now derelict. 1856-7. Red brick walls, roofs of grey slate laid to diminishing courses; cambered gauged brick arches to openings. Rectangular plan, divided into 4 bays by timber posts supporting valleys of pitched roofs, hipped at ends, over each bay. Doors in long sides, four sash windows with Portland stone sills to end walls. Interior: softwood trusses; partial survival of barrel racks, a very rare example. Surrounded by mid-late C19 brick blast walls.

HISTORY: Marchwood was conceived in 1811 as a store depot like Tipner (Porstmouth). Potential canal communications from Southampton water were the Redbridge-Andover, Northampton-Winchester and Bursledon-Botley navigations. This was to be a 20,000 barrel magazine with two 10,000 barrel magazines the preferred disposition. In the event, and after deliberation resulting the adoption of submitted in 1811 by Sir William Congreve over those by General Fisher (commanding officer of the Portsmouth Royal Engineers' Department), 3

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magazines each with a 6,800 capacity were built, with a small internal L-shaped channel for moving barrels by barge and a centrally-placed Shifting House. The shortcomings revealed through the Crimean War brought about the decision to increase storage capability, and additional magazines were built at Marchwood, Tipner and Upnor. In July 1853, the CRE Portsmouth had been asked to prepare a report on the expense of making Marchwood serviceable again. The magazines were ordered in September to be made fit to receive powder from Dover, In November the floor of No. 3 Magazine was ordered to be made good before the establishment was re-established as a Powder Station and Officers appointed. This, effectively the second foundation of Marchwood, was marked by a vast increase in its storage, four new magazines, three of 14,400 and one of 9,600 barrels capacity being built in 1856-7. A Times article of 1864 noted that Marchwood was 'the largest magazine in the Kingdom', with a capacity of 76,000 barrels of powder. The establishment began to be wound down soon afterwards, there being 45 employees in 1898. B, E, F and G magazines were destroyed by the Luftwaffe in June 1940, and the Admiralty's use of the depot declined steeply after 1945: it was closed in 1961. (Roger Bowdler, Former Board of Ordnance Gunpowder Magazines, Magazine Lane, Marchwood, Hampshire, Historical Analysis and Research Team, English Heritage, 1997)

Source: English Heritage

22.

Former Receiving Room at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m North of Entrance Lodge (marchwood yacht club offices) Grade II Portside Close, Marchwood, Hampshire

Description: Former Receiving Room at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m North of Entrance Lodge (Marchwood yacht club offices)

Grade: II Date Listed: 21 May 1985

OS Grid Reference: SU3925011520 OS Grid Coordinates: 439250, 111520 Latitude/Longitude: 50.9018, -1.4432

Location: Portside Close, Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4AL

Locality: Marchwood Local Authority: New Forest

County: Hampshire Country: England

Postcode: SO40 4AL

MARCHWOOD 1860/5/35 MAGAZINE LANE 21-MAY-85 Former receiving room at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m north of Entrance Lodge (Marchwood Yacht Club offices).

(Formerly listed as: MAGAZINE LANE Former receiving room at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m north of Entrance Lodge, Marchwood Yacht Club Offices)

GV II

The former Receiving Room is an integral part of A (No.1) Magazine at Marchwood, which was built between 1814 and 1816, using plans drawn up by Lieutenant-General Sir William Congreve, Bt., Colonel Commandant of the Royal Artillery and Controller of the Royal Laboratory at Woolwich. It is a brick construction which originally had a roof of slate.

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DESCRIPTION: In plan the Receiving Room is a simple oblong red brick building forming the north side of the rectangular enclosure around Magazine `A' (No.1). There is an opening in the centre of the Receiving Room with cambered arches, which corresponds to the gateway on the south side of the Magazine enclosure wall. This central entrance opened to the former pier to the north and the magazine to the south. Originally it had a pitched roof of slate, but is now battened felt, hipped to the ends. The south elevation has eight windows, each with a small stone ledge beneath, four to either side of the central entrance. The interior fittings of the magazines are no longer present.

HISTORY: The threat of French invasion in 1779, and the advent of the Napoleonic Wars caused a dramatic reform in the way that gunpowder was stored and issued in Britain. Until the later years of the C18 storage facilities for gunpowder required a bombproof structure. Most powder was stored in old fortifications or more recently constructed similar massive vaulted buildings. At this time the two sites of gunpowder production in the country were at Waltham Abbey and Faversham, both of which were established in the C17, and acquired by the Crown in the C18. Under the new system, the powder produced here was stored at eight depots around the country, from where it was issued as needed. These depots were at Purfleet, Tilbury, Gravesend, Upnor Castle, Priddy's Hard, Tipner Point (both within Portsmouth Harbour), Keyham Point (Devonport), and Picket Field in Berkshire. In addition to these, a magazine in Hyde Park supplied London, and other powder was stored in floating magazines in the River Medway, at Portsmouth and at Plymouth. In 1811 it was decided to increase the number of depots, and to replace the floating magazines with more permanent storage facilities. With this in mind, four new magazines were built; at Dorchester, Carmarthen, North Hyde and Marchwood. Of these four magazines, Marchwood was the largest, and remained in service for the longest time.

At this time gunpowder was stored in barrels, each containing 90 lbs of powder. The Marchwood site was intended to store 20,000 barrels. In its initial design the Marchwood Depot was to contain the 20,000 barrels in one enormous magazine. By 1807 the Board of Ordnance had realised the importance of the provision of separate buildings for examining powder and other functions at magazines. After much deliberation about the design of the depot, it was decided to construct three magazines, placed as far apart as possible, each having the capacity for 6,800 barrels. Built into the design was Congreve's revolutionary idea of using `soft top' roofs (which, because of the low resistance in the roof, allowed any accidental blast to go upwards rather than outwards), hollow wall construction to reduce the risk of damp penetration(patented by John Groves in 1809), and a canal to move the barrels by barge from magazine to magazine. Although canal communication was used in the major Ordinance factories, the small canal just to the south of the magazines used for moving barrels by barge is thought to be unique. The powder from Marchwood was used to supply the smaller Portsmouth magazines at Priddy's Hard and Tipner Point and also to supply the fleet off Spithead.

At Marchwood the three magazines, together with the ancillary buildings and the perimeter wall, were built between 1814 and 1816. Magazine A (No.1) is the only one of the three original magazines to survive. The other early magazines, D (No.2) and G (No.3) were destroyed in 1940. The Receiving Room forms the north side of the rectangular enclosure around Magazine A. It was built at the same time as Magazine A, originally as a Shoe Room for changing into specialised magazine clothing.

Four more magazines were added in 1856-7 due to the shortcomings revealed by the Crimean War. This effective second foundation of Marchwood took its storage capacity to three magazines of 14,400 and one of 9,600 barrels. By 1864 it was the largest magazine in the country, according to the Times, with a capacity of 76,000 barrels. The canal was by now superseded by a roller way. The Board of Ordnance was abolished in 1856, and the War Office took over its responsibilities. In 1890 control of Marchwood was handed over to the Navy. The Receiving Room was extended in 1899 for use as a cordite store. Cordite had been introduced in the 1890's, and was considered to have relatively benign qualities. The presence of exposed metal was no longer considered dangerous in a cordite magazine, but temperature control was now needed.

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Marchwood Depot began to be wound down soon afterwards, and a number of its magazines were destroyed by bombing in 1940. The Depot was closed in 1961.

SUMMARY OF IMPORTANCE: despite the loss of some of its elements, the features which characterise it; its floor plan, its relationship with the Magazine, and the quality of its brickwork, testify to its concept and usage. It dates from a period which marks a new approach to the concept of gunpowder storage, and of which there are no similar listed examples. It is integral to the construction of Magazine A and also has strong group value with the other structures at the Marchwood Depot.

Source: English Heritage

23.

Frobisher Court and Attached Wall Grade II Fawley, Hampshire

Description: Frobisher Court and Attached Wall

Grade: II Date Listed: 21 May 1985

OS Grid Coordinates: 447623, 100981 Latitude/Longitude: 50.8064, -1.3255

Location: Marchwood, Hampshire SO45 1BT

Locality: Marchwood Local Authority: New Forest

County: Hampshire Country: England

Postcode: SO45 1BT

MARCHWOOD 1860/5/32 MAGAZINE LANE 21-MAY-85 Frobisher Court and attached wall (Formerly listed as: MAGAZINE LANE Former Police Barracks at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot) GV II Barracks flanked by officers' quarters, now houses. 1816, restored 1990-5 with new buildings in matching style added to rear. Walls of red brick on Portland stone plinth; rendered to left flank. Roof covering of grey slate laid to diminishing courses; brick chimneys. Two storeys with attic lit by roof dormers. Main block of 7 bays (original barracks, originally 4 rooms) flanked by returns of 3 bays (original officers' quarters) with roof hipped to front and stair string courses of first floor level. Main block entered by central doors (2 x 6 panel),

Source: English Heritage

Frobisher Court Magazine Lane Marchwood Hampshire

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24.

Granary 5 Metres West of Bury Farmhouse Grade II Marchwood, Hampshire

Description: Granary 5 Metres West of Bury Farmhouse

Grade: II Date Listed: 10 June 1987

OS Grid Reference: SU3909309947 OS Grid Coordinates: 439093, 109947 Latitude/Longitude: 50.8877, -1.4456

Location: Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4PA

Locality: Marchwood Local Authority: New Forest

County: Hampshire Country: England

Postcode: SO40 4PA

MARCHWOOD MARCHWOOD ROAD SU 31 SE 5/30 Granary 5m west of Bury Farmhouse

GV II Granary. C18. Square block with timber baseplates resting on 4 x 3 staddles, brick walls of

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English bond. Half-hipped tile roof. Listing NGR: SU3909309947

Source: English Heritage

25.

Icehouse 25 Metres North of Bury Farmhouse Grade II Marchwood Road, Marchwood, Hampshire

DESCRIPTION: Icehouse 25 Metres North of Bury Farmhouse

GRADE: II DATE LISTED: 10 June 1987

OS GRID REFERENCE: SU3909309947 OS GRID COORDINATES: 437854, 111505 LATITUDE/LONGITUDE: 50.9018, -1.4630

LOCATION: Marchwood Road, Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4UD

LOCALITY: Marchwood LOCAL AUTHORITY: New Forest COUNTY: Hampshire COUNTRY: England POSTCODE: SO40 4UD

MARCHWOOD MARCHWOOD ROAD SU 31 SE 5/29 Icehouse 25m north of Bury Farmhouse

GV II Icehouse. Early C19. Brick lined chamber, covered by earth. 2m long brick passage leads into top of dome of 3m diameter chamber, some 2m deep. Interesting position for icehouse, in woods by salt marshes of Southampton Water.

Listing NGR: SU3909309947

Source: English Heritage

26.

Malthouse Farmhouse Grade II Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire

Description: Malthouse Farmhouse

Grade: II

Date Listed: 1 April 1980

OS Grid Reference: SU3839410170

OS Grid Coordinates: 438394, 110170

Latitude/Longitude: 50.8897, -1.4555

Location: Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4UA

Locality: Marchwood

Local Authority: New Forest

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County: Hampshire

Country: England

Postcode: SO40 4UA

MARCHWOOD MAIN ROAD

SU 31 SE 5/40

Malthouse Farmhouse 1.4.80

GV II

House. Late medieval timber-framed hall, with inserted (C16) chimney and some upper floors, appearing as a lobby-entrance three bay house, with early C19 cladding and extensions and mid C19 extensions. Walls of cement rendering, some brickwork in rear outshots. Steep slate roof. The north-west front elevation has a hall with staircase unit projecting in front of the original entrance. One storey and attic, 3.1.1 windows.Casements. 6-panelled door within a gabled trellis porch. The massive chimney and framing are masked within, the entrance hall having panelled walls, and the original staircase partially surviving with slatted rails.

Listing NGR: SU3839410170

Source: English Heritage

27.

Marchwood Green Farmhouse Grade II Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire

Description: Marchwood Green Farmhouse

Grade: II

Date Listed: 12 October 1990

OS Grid Reference: SU3839410170

OS Grid Coordinates: 438394, 110170

Latitude/Longitude: 50.8897, -1.4555

Location: Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4UA

Locality: Marchwood

Local Authority: New Forest

County: Hampshire

Country: England

Postcode: SO40 4UA

MARCHWOOD MAIN ROAD SU 31 SE 5/44 (North West side) Marchwood Green Farmhouse

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Grade II House. Mid C18, and early C19; later alterations. Red brick in flemish bond; the front range has the front and left return clad in mathematical tiles, cream to front, red to return. Welsh slate roofs. Brick stacks. Mid C18 front range with short rear-wing at centre, this extended to full rear range and front range clad in tiles and porch added early C19. 2 storeys, 3 bays. Windows mostly have late C20 replacement 12-pane sashes. Symmetrical elevation. Step up to central 4-panel door (upper panels arched and glazed, lower panels with moulded edges) which has segmental-arched over-panel, panelled reveal, moulded surround with impost string and classical porch with fluted columns and pilasters and entablature. Wide flanking windows have gauged flat brick arches and paired sashes. 2-span roof with end stacks.

Rear: central door with old board door on left, and 16-pane sash on right. Two sashes with exposed boxes on 1st floor.

Added conservatory not of special interest.

Right return: one old segmental-arched 12-pane sash to 1st floor of rear range.

Interior: old doors, some with raised and fielded panels, and architraves; stick balusters and square newels remain to landing balustrade. On ground floor left-hand room has chamfered spine beam; right-hand room has C18 plaster. Ceiling moulding with roundels at corners and door of 4 moulded panels; round-arched architrave with key-block to front door; and hall rear doorcase has pulvinated architrave. 1st floor left-hand room has C18 fireplace surround with cornice. Attached C19 range, formerly outbuildings, to rear left not of special interest. Listing NGR: SU3839410170

Source: English Heritage

28. Marchwood House Grade II* Marchwood, Hampshire

Description: Marchwood House

Grade: II*

Date Listed: 10 June 1987

OS Grid Reference: SU3909309947

OS Grid Coordinates: 439093, 109947

Latitude/Longitude: 50.8877, -1.4456

Location: Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4PA

Locality: Marchwood

Local Authority: New Forest

County: Hampshire

Country: England

Postcode: SO40 4PA

MARCHWOOD MARCHWOOD PARK SU 30 NE 8/7 Marchwood House (Formerly Marchwood Park House) GV II*

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Country mansion. 1820 by H F K Holloway and later. Stucco, 1st floor band, moulded eaves cornice below blocking course, architraves to windows with cornice on brackets to the ground-floor. Low-pitched hipped slate roof. A Regency building of classical form and restrained detail of Greek mouldings; almost square main block with long service wing to one side, and ballroom (a later addition) to the other. The south-west front elevation has a slightly projecting centrepiece, of two storeys, 1.1.1 windows. Sashes in reveals, coupled in the centre. Greek Doric porch with coupled fluted columns, single pilasters, and laurel wreathes in the frieze, architrave enclosing plain fanlight and half-glazed coupled doors all on a stone flagged base of two steps. To the east side is set back the blank wall of the ballroom, the main block showing a triple ground-floor window south of a bow-shaped bay of three windows (2 blank) now masked by the ballroom. The long west service wing is lower, of three storeys on a lower ground level, and ends in a taller unit; all of plain but similar treatment. The north-east shows as a continuous range separated by only slight projections, of 1, 2, 3 storeys, 3:2.1.2: 5.0.1.0 windows. Plain walls with plinth, cornice to low parapet, sashes in reveals; the western block has a triple sash to the 1st floor (beneath a pediment) above a cambered (lower) ground-floor triple sash. Inside, there is a palatial staircase hall, with ornamental iron rails to the stone stairway, in several rooms there are original fireplaces, decorative ceilings, dado panelling, and mahogany doors in architraves.

Listing NGR: SU3909309947

Source: English Heritage

29.

Marchwood Primary School Grade II 2 Twiggs Lane, Marchwood, Hampshire

Description: Marchwood Primary School

Grade: II

Date Listed: 8 January 1999

OS Grid Reference: SU3836609703

OS Grid Coordinates: 438366, 109703

Latitude/Longitude: 50.8856, -1.4560

Location: 2 Twiggs Lane, Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4ZE

Locality: Marchwood

Local Authority: New Forest

County: Hampshire

Country: England

Postcode: SO40 4ZE

MARCHWOOD

SU 30 NE TWIGGS LANE 1860/8/10020 Marchwood Primary School Grade II

School. Circa mid C19; extended late C19 / early C20 and later C20. Yellow /buff coloured brick, red brick at rear. Clay plain tile roof with gabled ends with ornate shaped and pierced barge-boards. Brick axial stack with multiple shafts.

PLAN : 2 large school rooms, one in main range to right, the other in cross-wing on left, and with entrance between, now blocked. C19 and C20 extensions at rear. Picturesque Victorian Gothic style.

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EXTERIOR: Single storey. Asymmetrica15-bay west front with projecting gabled cross-wing on left, gabled porch in angle, projecting gabled bay to right of centre and dormer, all with ornate pierced bargeboards; large 2, 3 and 4-light stone mullion windows with hoodmoulds and lozenge shaped panes, that on left with transom; gables each have small pointed arch panels; pointed arch doorway to porch. Large gabled porch on left [N] side with tall pointed arch doorway, and large canted bay to left with lozenge panes; similar canted bay on south gable end. Circa late C 19/ early C20 extension adjoining rear [SE] , and large later C20 extension to rear [NE].

INTERIOR: The two large schoolrooms are open to their roofs, with scissor-braced trusses. Listing NGR: SU3836609703

Source: English Heritage

Marchwood Infants School Twiggs Lane Marchwood

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30.

Marchwood Yacht Club (former Entrance Lodges) and Attached Wall and Gates Grade II Marchwood

Description: Marchwood Yacht Club (former Entrance Lodges) and Attached Wall and

Gates

Grade: II

Date Listed: 21 May 1985

We don't have any geographic location information for this building. Help fix that!

Locality: Marchwood

Local Authority: New Forest

County: Hampshire

Country: England

Incorrect location/postcode? Submit a correction!

MARCHWOOD 1860/5/33 MAGAZINE LANE 21-MAY-85 Marchwood Yacht Club (former entrance lodges) and attached wall and gates (Formerly listed as: MAGAZINE LANE Entrance lodge and gates at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot) GV II Entrance lodges and gates, now club building. Dated 1814 on foundation stone. Red brick walls, roofs of grey slate laid to diminishing courses, except to porticos which are felted. Twin rectangular buildings flanking a forecourt, the west side closed by a brick wall with central entrance gates. Each lodge has two 6/6-pane sash windows (glazing bars) flanking a central door with overlight. All openings have flat gauged brick arches. To the front of each lodge a portico supported on 6 cast iron columns, probably dating from 1850s. The main roof above hipped to front and rear, with central brick chimney stack. West forecourt wall of red brick terminating in square piers with sunk panels and surmounted by urns. Plain iron gates between, with spiked terminals. HISTORY: The lodge to the north was built as a guard house and engine house, that to the south as a watch house and office. Marchwood was conceived in 1811 as a store depot like Tipner (Portsmouth). Potential canal communications from Southampton water were the Redbridge-Andover, Northampton-Winchester and Bursledon-Botley navigations. This was to be a 20,000 barrel magazine with two 10,000 barrel magazines the preferred disposition. In the event, and after deliberation resulting in the adoption of plans submitted in 1811 by Sir William Congreve (the Comptroller of the Royal Laboratory in Woolwich) over those by General Fisher (commanding officer of the Portsmouth Royal Engineers' Department), 3 magazines each with a 6,800 capacity were built, with a small internal L-shaped canal for moving barrels by barge and a centrally-placed Shifting House. The shortcomings revealed through the Crimean War brought about the decision to increase storage capability, and additional magazines were built at Marchwood, Tipner and Upnor. In July 1853, the CRE Portsmouth had been asked to prepare a report on the expense of making Marchwood serviceable again. The magazines were ordered in September to be made fit to receive powder from Dover, and in November the floor of No. 3 Magazine was ordered to be made good before the establishment was re-established as a Powder Station and Officers appointed. This, effectively the second foundation of Marchwood, was marked by a vast increase in its storage: four new magazines, three of 14,400 and one of 9,600 barrels capacity, were built in 1856-7. A Times article of 1864 noted that Marchwood was

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'the largest magazine in the Kingdom', with a capacity of 76,000 barrels of powder. The establishment began to be wound down soon afterwards, there being 45 employees in 1898. B, E, F and G magazines were destroyed by the Luftwaffe in June 1940, and the Admiralty's use of the depot declined steeply after 1945: it was closed in 1961. (Roger Bowdler, Former Board of Ordnance Gunpowder Magazines, Magazine Lane, Marchwood, Hampshire, Historical Analysis and Research Team, English Heritage, 1997)

Source: English Heritage

31.

Pear Tree Cottages 1-3 Grade II 4 Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire

Description: Pear Tree Cottages 1-3

Grade: II

Date Listed: 6 May 1976

OS Grid Reference: SU3894010572

OS Grid Coordinates: 438940, 110572

Latitude/Longitude: 50.8933, -1.4477

Location: 4 Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4US

Locality: Marchwood

Local Authority: New Forest

County: Hampshire

Country: England

Postcode: SO40 4US

MARCHWOOD MAIN ROAD

SU 31 SE

5/42 Nos. 1-3 (consec)

Pear Tree Cottages

6.5.76

GV II

Row of cottages. C18 altered C19 and restored C20. Rendered brick, thatch roof. Irregular

and of several builds, each cottage of 2 bays, 1½ storey, with centre cottage slightly

projecting and C20 1 bay addition at one end, set-back. Front has to centre and left hand

cottage, C19 or C20 gabled porch in one bay. 3-light casement in other with C20 2 and 3 light

casement in other cottage. On 1st floor eyebrow dormers except to left hand which has 2 and

3 light casement under eaves. Room ½-hipped to right and hipped addition to left. Ridge

stacks between cottages and stack on front wall at left end corner.

Listing NGR: SU3894010572 Source: English Heritage

Pear Tree Cottage Main Road Marchwood Hampshire

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32.

Staplewood Farmhouse Grade II Marchwood, Hampshire

Description: Staplewood Farmhouse

Grade: II

Date Listed: 10 June 1987

OS Grid Reference: SU3754009170

OS Grid Coordinates: 437540, 109170

Latitude/Longitude: 50.8808, -1.4677

Location: Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4UL

Locality: Marchwood

Local Authority: New Forest

County: Hampshire

Country: England

Postcode: SO40 4UL

MARCHWOOD SU 30 NE 8/4 Staplewood Farmhouse GV II House. C16 with C20 extension. Exposed timber-frame with brick infill and other walling. Thatch roof, hipped and brought to a lower eavesat each end, eyebrow dormers. Lobby entrance form, of three bays with outshots, and rear extension in matching style; west front elevation of one

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storey and attic, three above five windows. Casements. Boarded door. Listing NGR: SP3221714227

Source: English Heritage

Staplewood Farm House Twiggs Lane Marchwood – March 2011

2011 – We discovered that Southampton Football Club now own and use Staplewood Farm house and grounds for training.

1895 – Thomas Webb is recorded as a Farmer of Staplewood in Kelly’s Directory

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33.

The White House Public House Grade II 3 Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire

Description: The White House Public House

Grade: II

Date Listed: 6 May 1976

OS Grid Reference: SU3893610465

OS Grid Coordinates: 438936, 110465

Latitude/Longitude: 50.8924, -1.4478

Location: 3 Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4US

Locality: Marchwood

Local Authority: New Forest

County: Hampshire

Country: England

Postcode: SO40 4US

MARCHWOOD MAIN ROAD

SU 31 SE

5/41 The White House Public House

6.5.76

GV II

Public house. Late C18, altered C19. Painted and rendered brick, old plain tile roof. 2 storey,

5 bay with addition at one end. Front has door to one side of centre, and 2 storey canted bay

to other, near one end C20 single storey bay with door beside. Casement and sash in other

bay. On 1st floor 3 sash windows. Roof hipped to left end. Ridge stack and stack at right end.

Listing NGR: SU3893610465

Source: English Heritage

The White Horse PH Main Road Marchwood Hampshire SO40 4US

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1895 - Peter Kingham is recorded as licensee in Kelly’s Southampton Directory

The Old County Police Station

TJM Groundwork and Building Contractors Ltd

The Old Police House, Twigg Lane, Marchwood, Southampton, Hants, SO40 4UP

02380 667 002

We discovered the police station after reading in our researches that it was next door to the

Marchwood C of E Infants School and when we visited and photographed the school,

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we checked next door. The left side of a pair of demi-detached houses had a small

sign saying ‘County Police Station’.

1895 – Charles Young is recorded as Constable in Charge in Kelly’s Southampton Directory

Old Magazine Close Marchwood

Another happy discovery was that the Old Magazine Close, now a Cul-de-Sac, due to the

new Normandy Road by-passing the village centre cut across and closed several roads. Has

12 cast iron drain covers made by Harland & Wolff.

Road Sign Harland & Wolf Ltd – Cast Iron Drain

Index

1. National Archives Domesday reference Marchwood

2. Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood

3. Marchwood Yacht Club History

4. Marchwood Power Station

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5. THE BRITISH POWER BOAT COMPANY

6. Husband Shipyard

7. Marchwood Railway Station

8. Map of Marchwood Railway Station

9. Church of St Johns the Apostle

10. Gospel Church

11. New Forest Community Church

12. Marchwood Women’s Institute

13. Marchwood Council Listed Buildings

14. British Listed Building

15. Blast Wall

16. Bury Farmhouse

17. Church of St John the Apostle

18. Dun Clagh

19. Former No. 1 Magazine

20. Former Examining Room

21. Former Magazine

22. Former Receiving Room

23. Frobisher Court

24. Granary

25. Ice House

26. Malthouse Farmhouse

27. Marchwood Green Farmhouse

28. Marchwood House

29. Marchwood Primary School

30. Marchwood Yacht Club

31. Pear Tree Cottages

32. Staple Farm House

33. Whitehouse Public House

DAVE WILLIAMS (1934 -1997) - A very hard act to follow.

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David Arthur Williams was born December 11th 1934 in the hamlet of Pooks Green, near

Marchwood on the edge of the New Forest, Hampshire. Music and entertainment was in his

blood. His maternal grandfather played viola for theatres and circuses, his maternal great-

aunt led a ladies' orchestra and his father, Arthur, is still active as a singer and harmonica

player in the community though now in his mid-eighties.

Pooks Green and nearby Marchwood was an area rich in songs, music and traditions. Dr.

George Gardiner noted several songs there in the early 1900s during his collecting work. In

Dave's formative years he learned a lot from his older neighbours, many of whom were active

singers or musicians in the community, and could still remember who lived in which cottage

and what instruments and songs they were known for. Surrounded by such inspiration and

with his father playing harmonica and singing songs that he remembered from his 'old dad',

Dave's musical direction and interests were forged.

Dave was a man of many talents - community entertainer, singer, caller, Compère, musician,

broadcaster, mummer, folklore collector, musical instrument and toy maker. Although I

think his greatest talent was his ability to encourage others to fulfil a potential that he

believed was there but they often didn't recognise in themselves. Perhaps best known for his

melodeon playing, Dave also played guitar, banjo, ukulele, concertina and mouth-organ and

could pick up almost any instrument and get a tune out of it. He could make flutes out of

plastic plumbing pipe or intricate and skilfully crafted musical instruments out of the most

beautiful woods, draw cartoons, tell stories - but most of all he was a persuader. Who else

would cajole a room full of people, out for the evening, in dinner jackets and evening dresses

into joining in the fun while he played and sang The Grand Old Duke of York. 'When they

were up', they all stood up, 'when they were down', they all sat down and when they were

neither ... there was always at least one, often the chairman or some other official, who got it

wrong and this allowed Dave to genially humiliate them, much to the merriment of the

others.

The family have set up a memorial fund in Dave's memory and donations can be

made to: The David Williams Memorial Fund, c/o H. Powell & Son, Eling Lane,

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Totton, Nr. Southampton, Hants. (Money donated will be distributed between

Charities and Institutions that Dave supported.)

Correspondence:

Rod Stradling - e-mail: [email protected] Tel: 01453 759475

snail-mail: 1 Castle Street, Stroud, Glos GL5 2HP, UK

Marchwood History, an unexpected find.

This page was last updated on Thursday March 24, 2005

Some time ago I went to the Hampshire Records Office in Winchester to find out something

about the history of Marchwood, and more particularly about that of Byams House for the

Army. Somehow most of the information gathered then has disappeared and a fresh visit was

made recently. Really, the history of Marchwood does need to become a dedicated project,

but that is beyond my remit.

However, my visit did turn up a most unexpected find, at least to me. The helpful lady at the

desk suggested that I look up the manorial records and if I found a reference to Marchwood,

then she would arrange for it to be taken out of the safe for me.

After about half an hour, document number 81M74/108 arrived bound in cloth. It turned out

to be a beautifully drawn coloured map, dated 1755 and was titled:

THE MANNOR OF MARCHWOOD IN THE PARISH OF ELING COUNTY OF

SOUTHTON

BELONGING TO PETER SERLE ESQ. (The scale was in perches).

The map showed the boundaries of 45 plots of land in table form. The plots were as to in

‘Statue, ‘Wood’, ‘Quitt’ and ‘Reids’. It would need someone far more experienced in such

matters than me to attempt to decipher what these mean.

However, what is really interesting is the names of the lanes in existence at the time and those

of the various parcels of land, by no means joined together. The overriding impression is that

almost none of them survive today.

The only point of reference is Bury Farm and a short length of coast line along the ‘Southton’

River.

Going from north west to south east:

The Gibbett Lane runs along approximately the line of Jacobs Gutter Lane.

Mavers Lane runs just south of Bury Farm, leading to Corks Lane.

South of Mavers Lane is a plot of land marked Currents Mead – Winchester College.

South of this plot is Balma Lane, leading to Waters Lane.

Running south of and parallel to Balma Lane is Marchwood Street.

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There does not seem to be a lane leading to Dibden, at least if there is one, then it is not

marked.

Of the 45 plots of land:

The furthest north west (west of Bury Farm) is King John’s Copse. On the waterfront of

‘Southton’ River is Hill Jnr Rie: Mill. The south east - towards Dibden is: The Inward Margh,

The Outward Margh and the Dibden Margh.

One would have to look much more closely at the 45 parcels of land to examine if any, with

the exception of Bury Farm, have descendents today.

There is a big challenge here. I understand that attempts are being made to collate the

histories of the various villages which comprise the Waterside.

Marchwood, it seems, has still to produce its contribution. Let us hope that someone will pick

this up and give a lead. It is a fascinating story, as this short note tries to show.

Ross Mason

http://www.marchwoodparishcouncil.org.uk/Marchwood-Village-News/Spring-

2005/Marchwood-History.htm

Marchwood Infants School

Contact

Marchwood Church Of England Infant School

Twiggs Lane

Marchwood

Southampton

SO40 4ZE

Telephone: (023) 8086 8819

Facsimile: (023) 8066 3723

e-mail; - [email protected]

Marchwood Junior School

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Marchwood Junior School

Main Road, Marchwood,

Southampton.

Hampshire.

SO40 4ZH

Telephone: 023 8086 3105

Fax: 023 8087 2892

e-mail: [email protected]

http://www.marchwoodjuniorschool.org.uk/index.html

The Pilgrim Inn, Marchwood

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In a quiet, rural location, the Pilgrim Inn consists of 2 beautiful thatched buildings; one

housing the cosy bar and restaurant, while the other contains stylish and luxurious boutique

rooms. Just 8 miles (13 km) from Southampton, the Pilgrim Inn has a beautiful, peaceful

location, looking out over lush, green fields and with the New Forest within easy reach. Free

parking is available for guests. The brand-new rooms are individually furnished and

decorated, each with their own unique and distinctive boutique style. Some of the rooms have

four-poster beds and some have luxurious roll-top baths. The pub and restaurant has been

fully refurbished and extended to accommodate more diners. There is excellent range of

popular dishes on offer, all made using locally sourced produce. Free Wi-Fi is available in the

public areas.

Pilgrim Inn

Hythe Road, Southampton, Hampshire, England

http://www.picturesofengland.com/England/Hampshire/Southampton/Pilgrim_Inn

Marchwood Orchestra

History of the Orchestra

Marchwood Orchestra evolved from a group of enthusiatic, amateur musicians who originally

performed and accompanied at servies in St. John's Church Marchwood. In 1989 these

musicians performed solo and ensemble pieces at a first concert, under the baton of Reg

Martin. The group subsequently grew and an instrument fund was set up to acquire some

more unusual and expensive instruments in order to give talented musicians the opportunity

of playing. This brought more versatility and balance to the growing orchestra which now has

a small stock of instruments available for anyone interested in playing. Our most recent

aquisitions are a Cor Anglais, which was purchased with assistance from Dibdent Allotments

to whom we are most grateful, and various pieces of percussion, including a snare drum and

cymbals.

In 1997, Reg handed over the baton to Peter Robson. Since then the orchestra has widened its

field and has performed concerts around Hampshire and the surrounding counties. In addition

the orchestra has undertaken a number of trips to France and next year the orchestra are

hoping to include another tour to France in its schedule.

In 2006, Tony Kitcherside, who had deputised for Peter for some time, was appointed as the

conductor of the orchestra.

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The orchestra rehearses weekly on a Thursday evening in Hounsdown School, Hounsdown

near Totton Southampton.

Contact

To get further information on the orchestra please

contact [email protected]

TEL: 0845 4637 345 (Standard BT charges)

http://www.marchwoodorchestra.co.uk/contact.html

Marchwood/Kirrin Station

Marchwood railway station has been mentioned before on this forum as being used as Kirrin station in the 1970s

Famous Five TV series. It featured in two episodes of the second series; Five are Together Again and Five Go

Down to the Sea. I have recently located a useful webpage giving a brief history of the station and also showing

many past and present day photographs.

Marchwood station is today a private residence, therefore anyone intending to view this location please show

due respect for privacy.

A piece of trivia perhaps only of relevance to the railway enthusiasts on this forum is that the diesel locomotive

featured in the Kirrin station scenes is preserved on a private railway in Lancashire.

http://www.enidblytonsociety.co.uk/forums/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=1826

Wessex Archaeology

New Forest Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment

COASTAL STRETCH E - CALSHOT SPIT TO REDBRIDGE - Report ref.: 72200.02E

2.1.6 A Bronze Age field system is recorded at Pooksgreen (MWX62092),

2.1.14. Records within the dataset seem to reflect increased intensity of agricultural activity in the coastal stretch

during the medieval period. A medieval farmhouse is recorded at Marchwood (MWX370) and farmsteads are

recorded at Bury Farm near Marchwood (MWX25737) and Badminston Farm (MWX39211). …., and field

boundaries at …., Marchwood (MWX62147 and MWX62149), ….

2.1.18. Post-medieval records within the dataset include a relatively large number of houses, which are Listed

Buildings serving as modern dwellings. These are concentrated mainly at …., Marchwood ….

2.1.20. Post-medieval industrial activity is reflected in the dataset, with records including extractive pits at

Pooksgreen near Marchwood (MWX62047 and MWX62089), ….

2.1.21. A number of monuments associated with maritime activity occur in the dataset for the post-medieval

period. These monuments include …. and a landing stage at Marchwood (MWX62108).

2.2.10. There are no pre-modern records relating to warfare, defence and military within this coastal stretch. The

earliest records relate to 19th century magazines (MWX12328, MWX12331), part of a complex of military

buildings at thesite of the former Royal Navy Armaments Depot at Marchwood (MWX56947)

2.2.11. All other records are associated with the Second World War, comprising nine Barrage balloon sites

stretching from Hythe to Eling, bombing decoys on the coast …. south of Marchwood (MWX60509), anti-

aircraft batteries …. and Marchwood (MWX37749) ….

2.2.16. …. six records are associated with railway transport including railways …. and railway stations at

…. Marchwood (MWX60548).

WESSEX ARCHAEOLOGY LIMITED. Registered Head Office: Portway House, Old Sarum Park,

Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 6EB. Tel: 01722 326867 Fax: 01722 337562 [email protected] For more

information visit www.wessexarch.co.uk

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116

Archaeology and Historic Buildings Record Search

Site Number: 29695

Site Name: Roman Road 13 (RR423)

Parish: Marchwood

Grid Reference: SU 38 08

Site Record Type: MONUMENT

Additional Information held: Yes

Site Summary: Part of the Roman road from Dibden to Lepe.

No statuses have been identified in this record

2 events have been identified for this record

Event Type Site Type From To Description Sources

Unassigned ROAD 43 409

(1) Part of the Roman road from Dibden to Lepe.

(2) Possibly not a Roman road but Medieval enclosures associated with Beaulieu Abbey.

(3) Work on the sight lines from this road and other research has suggested that this is a Roman road. It is

possibly an early military road associated with the operations to capture the Isle of Wight.

Sources = none

Bibliographic Reference MODERN EVENT 1973 2003

(1) Margary's Roman Roads in Britain

(2) From an article in Hampshire Field Club New Forest newsletter vol. 22.

(3) From an article in Hampshire Studies vol. 58

Author Date Title1 Title2 Reference

Margary, ID 1973 Roman Roads in Britain

Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society, New Forest Section 1985

Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society, New Forest Section Report (1984) p. 4-5

Various authors 2003

Hampshire Studies 2003 Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society p. 33 to 58

Anti-Aircraft Battery [Resource available from ADS]

Condition: Fair Marchwood, Hampshire, England Council for British Archaeology (CBA)

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117

Royal Observer Corps Monitoring Post [Resource available from ADS]

Condition: Bad Marchwood, Hampshire, England Council for British Archaeology (CBA)

FORMER MARCHWOOD POWER STATION

Site code: W9885. Assessment in advance of proposed development identified potential palaeo-environmental evidence. HAMPSHIRE, SOUTHAMPTON, SOUTHAMPTON English Heritage, National Monuments Record

No title [Further information online]

A Bronze Age bronze palstave was discovered pre-1967 at Husband's Shipyard, Marchwood. It is now in Southampton City Museum. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

No title [Further information online]

Beacon depicted on John Nordens map of 1595. Possibly sited on either Staplewood Hill, Ap-plemore Hill or Beacon Hill, Marchwood. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

MARCHWOOD STATION [Further information online]

Site of railway station on the Fawley Light Railway, opened in 1925, closed to passengers in 1966 and to all goods in 1967. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

BIRCHLANDS [Further information online]

Documented as a vill in the Lay Subsidy Roll of 1327-28. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

NEWTOWN [Further information online]

Vill documented in the Lay Subsidy Roll of 1327-28; a residence here is recorded in the early 15th century. It was probably located at the present Bury Farm. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

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118

MARCHWOOD HOUSE [Further information online]

Country house built in 1820 by H.F.K Halloway MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

No title [Further information online]

Ice House in grounds of Marchwood House MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

BOCOLT [Further information online]

Medieval village destroyed circa 1079 for the creation of the New Forest. Resettled as Buckholt. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

BURY FARM ICEHOUSE [Further information online]

Early 19th century ice house at Bury Farm MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

MARCHWOOD MILITARY RAILWAY [Further information online]

Army railway system from the Lymington line to Marchwood Military Port with a branch to Rob-erts Camp. Opened 1925. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

ORDNANCE HOUSE [Further information online]

Storekeeper and later Commander's house at the fromer Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood. Built 1814, demolished shortly after 1982 in advance of housing development. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

BOXBUSH COTTAGE [Further information online]

The site of a cottage of rendered brick with thatch roof; the roof is hipped with eyebrow dormers. The cottage is of one storey with attics and was recorded by the RCHME in a derelict condition. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

No title [Further information online]

Second World War Mulberry Harbour construction site at Marchwood Power Station MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

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119

No title [Further information online]

Former Police Barracks at Royal Naval Armaments Depot. Military Police section House, former-ly barracks flanked by Officer's quarters, built 1814. Two storeys with attic, the walls are of red brick on... MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

ROYAL NAVAL ARMAMENTS DEPOT [Further information online]

Entrance lodges and gates to former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood. Dated 1814, they comprise twin rectangular buildings flanking a forecourt, the west side closed by a brick wall, with centra... MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

No title [Further information online]

Magazine A at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood. Built in 1814 the building has red brick walls, roofs of grey slate laid to diminishing courses, with cambered guaged brick arches to openi... MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

No title [Further information online]

Receiving rooms at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood. They lie outside the en-closing wall on either side of the original northern entrance to Magazine A. They were probably first built by ... MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

No title [Further information online]

Shifting rooms at the former Royal Naval Armaments Depot. Built circa 1814 they were used for repcking the powder barrels, and were known as the Examining Rooms from 1891. The single storey building b... MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

No title [Further information online]

Magazine C at Royal Naval Armaments Depot. Built 1856-7 as one of four new and larger maga-zines added to the depot. It is of red brick walls originally with slate roof. Now in poor condition. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

ROYAL NAVAL ARMAMENTS DEPOT [Further information online]

Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot at Marchwood. Initially developed by the Board of Ord-nance between 1812 and 1815, it was closed in 1850. On the outbreak of the Crimean War the depot

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120

was reopened in... MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

No title [Further information online]

A hoard of Roman coins was found in the 18th century when digging foundations at Bury Farm, then the residence of Sir Charles Mills. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

MARCHWOOD [Further information online]

Documented as a vill in the Lay Subsidy Roll of 1327-28. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

No title [Further information online]

Blastwall to Magazine G (now rebuilt) at the former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood. The blast wall dates from 1812-15 and is of red brick with Portland stone coping. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record

Archaeology Data Service

Department of Archaeology

University of York

King's Manor

York YO1 7EP

+44 (0)1904 433954 phone

+44 (0)1904 433939 fax

help @ ads.ahds.ac.uk

http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/search/basic_r.cfm?sn=1

MEMORIES OF MARCHWOOD

I was born in 1944 and grew up in Marchwood. It has changed beyond recognition since my childhood. Last

time I visited, I could not find my way round, but the old places are still there in my head. I remember the copse

where my sisters and I picked wild primroses and violets. There were bluebells and wood anemones there as

well but we decided they looked better growing than picked. No matter how early Mothering Sunday was, we

could always pick at least a few primroses for Mum.

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121

I never remember being bored as a child. We could always find something to do. As well as the copse there was

a meadow of wild flowers where orchids grew and the gravel pit where primroses grew. There were trees to

climb and Shire horses in the fields, big gentle creatures who would come to the gate to be stroked.

We lived on Cracknore Hard Lane and had a view of Southampton Water from the landing window at the back

of the house, and could see the liners. We would often walk down to the Hard where we had a a better view

across the water and walked past the shipyard where there were lots of small boats which looked as if they had

been scrapped. We would sometimes get on these and explore and wonder about the people who had owned

them. A special treat on a Summers evening would be a walk down to the Ship Inn with our parents and sit

outside with a drink of lemonade and a packet of crisps. I used to go fishing with a jam jar for tiddlers in the

ditches at the side of the road. When my brother was born seven years after me, I used to take him for walks, in

his pushchair, and show him moorhens, newts and wild flowers. This was before the Army Barracks were built.

I am afraid that I resented the Army for taking so much of our countryside. There was also the creek where all

the local children went swimming. We knew where to gather conkers and hazel nuts, and sweet chestnuts.

Our house was heated by coal and log fires and in really cold weather with a paraffin heater in the hall at the

bottom of the stairs. The bedrooms were quite chilly in winter and often on a winter morning we could find a

layer of ice on the inside of the bedroom windows. I loved the walk to school on an icy morning with the fields

white and lacy cobwebs in the hedges.

Marchwood School had obviously been extended from the original building of two classrooms plus the school

house, but there were still only five classrooms when I was there. Miss Cole was the strict headmistress who

often used the cane. The kitchen was a separate wooden building and as there was no dining room or hall, we

had to eat school dinners sat at our desks and were allowed out to play after we had cleared our plates.

I remember one girl who used to be still sat at her desk with a mound of brown cabbage on her plate which she

refused to eat, when we went back in. I had thought that this leather like cabbage was unique to Marchwood

School until I read Chris Hayles memories of Totton! We could smell it cooking early in the morning and yet it

was still tough hours later. Apart from the cabbage, I don't remember the meals being too bad. When I went on

to Hardley school, I remember everyone's favourite was chocolate concrete.

There were washbasins in the cloakroom in the main building at Marchwood School, but no toilets. The toilets

were bucket type which had to be emptied and they were across the other side of the playground. In spite of that

they were never unpleasant to use, thanks to the hardworking caretaker and the gallons of Jeyes Fluid he must

have used. His was a hard job as he also had to keep the classrooms supplied with coal for the stoves that heated

each one. Each child had a bottle of milk supplied each day and these crates had to be taken to each classroom.

In hot weather the milk bottles were washed and bottles of water had to be delivered to each classroom in the

afternoon.

Marchwood Police Station was next to the school and the village policeman and his family lived there. There

was a notice board in front and I remember posters warning people to look out for Colorado Beetle. I never

actually saw one.

Although I was born at the end of the war I can remember food rationing which I think ended when I was about

seven. My parents kept pigs. They were allowed to keep one for our own use and the other had to be sent to

market. I remember a side of bacon hanging on the landing, covered with a white cloth. They also kept hens and

grew fruit and vegetables in the large back garden. Only my younger sister had sugar in her tea and Mum was

able to use the sugar ration for pies, crumbles and jam. Occasionally she would make fudge and sometimes she

would get sweets from a shop in St. Mary's Street in Southampton. I think this meant her taking a bag of sugar

in part payment for them or maybe she handed over the sugar coupons.

People shared what they had in their gardens. We had an apple tree which produced masses of huge apples

which were good for cooking or eating, but they didn't keep long. All the neighbours were given bags of them

and in return we had plums and other fruit from their gardens. The larder was always full of kilner jars of fruit

that my mother had bottled and home-made jam. How did mothers cope in those days? We didn't have a fridge

until the mid 50's and I remember that milk had to be boiled to stop it going off. People had meat safes which

allowed an air flow but stopped insects from getting at the food.

People didn't always manage to go on holiday every year like most people do now. I can remember a caravan

holiday at Worthing and a couple of holidays in a Chalet at Pentewan in Cornwall. Each summer, we used to

stay, one at a time with either of our two grandmothers in Bitterne. Most years our family holiday was a few day

trips and we felt lucky to have them. There used to be coach trips organised by the Church each summer, which

we went on and enjoyed a day at the seaside somewhere, with the usual sing song on the way home.

We were luckier than most of our neighbours to have a bathroom and a flush toilet. This was because my Dad,

helped by Mum, had dug a cess pit, built a bathroom at the back of the house and laid the drains, when they first

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122

bought the house in about 1936. Dad was able to turn his hand to a lot of things and was interested in radio and

television. He would often repair radios for people, spending hours out in his shed, which was a lean-to he had

built on after the bathroom. He was no businessman and hours of work would usually be rewarded with a packet

of cigarettes.

Many houses had no electricity and people had a battery or accumulator as they called them to power their

radio. There was a cycle shop in the village run by Mr Hayward and he would re-charge the accumulators for

people. I remember the smell of rubber when I used to take the accumulator for an elderly neighbour. He also

did car repairs and sold petrol. Opposite his shop was a general shop, run by Mr & Mrs Birchall, and I would get

the shopping for my mother. The lovely crusty bread would be wrapped in tissue paper and sticking out of the

top of the bag. I got scolded many a time for picking and eating the crust on the way home. In the winter, when

we had a fire each day, Mum would make her own bread and this would be put to rise in front of the fire. We

children used to love to help knead the dough. Part of the dough would be used for a lovely sticky, sugary, lardy

cake. Not very healthy eating, but delicious! The electricity supply was not very reliable in those days and we

would often have power cuts.

I remember sitting in front of the fire with candles lit and we children making shadows on the walls. Also in

winter we used to roast chestnuts on the front of the fire and make toast by threading a piece of bread on a large

toasting fork and holding it in front of the fire.

In summertime, we would stop at Mr Alan's shop on the way home from school to buy penny ice lollies which

he and his wife used to make. There was also a barbers shop, wool shop and post office. At the top of Cracknore

Hard lane was a newsagents and sweet shop, run by Mrs Blake, wife of the blacksmith. When television first

came to the area, Dad was one of the first people to get a set and Mrs Blake used to join us every Saturday

evening to come and watch. She always brought a bag of sweets with her to share. This was after rationing had

ended.

Another person I remember was old Mr Longman. He had a house with a large garden on Cracknore Hard Lane

and grew fruit and vegetables. He would pick these and walk round the village with a large wicker basket on his

arm and sell his produce to supplement his pension. My mother once volunteered me and my younger sister to

help pick the fruit. His garden was very neat and the grass paths carefully mown. Our work was rewarded by a

big bag of ripe red gooseberries to take home. Mr Longman was a marvellous old man and he used to manage

the garden and sell his produce until he was well in to his eighties. I also remember my paternal grandmother,

who lived in Bitterne, digging her own garden and growing fruit and vegetables until she was about eighty-

three. When my dad told her to leave the jobs for him to do her reply was always, "I have to do it or I shall go

rusty". There were several tradesmen who used to call on us and sell out of their vans. There was a fishmonger,

a greengrocer, the Corona man and a paraffin dealer.

When I was in my early teens there was a Youth Club at the Church Hut in Marchwood. The Church Hut was a

rickety old wooden hut which had been donated and erected by the Army, but we had fun there meeting our

friends and playing records and dancing.

Times were hard, but we children weren't aware of it. It was only as we grew up that we realised how hard our

parents must have worked.

Jeanne Mayer (nee Hague)

http://southernlife.org.uk/marchwoo.htm

Hampshire, Portsmouth and

Southampton

Minerals and Waste Local Plan:

Adopted December 1998

Appendix 7 - Existing Waste Recycling, Storage, Transfer and Processing Sites In Hampshire,

Portsmouth And Southampton

(Operational and dormant sites excluding temporary operations (e.g. recycling plants at landfill sites), 'in-house'

industrial facilities and waste water (sewage) treatment works.)

Site Ref. Site Name Grid Ref. Facility

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123

NF018 Former Marchwood

Incinerator, Bury Road,

Marchwood

43850

11105

Household Waste Transfer Station; Incinerator

ceased operation 1996

NF018 Normandy Way,

Marchwood

43855

11110

Household Waste Recycling Centre

NF216 Marchwood Industrial

Estate, Marchwood

43975

11125

Waste Processing Facility: Marine pollution

reception and treatment

http://www.hants.gov.uk/environment/mineralsandwastelocalplan/plan/minerals9-32.html

Hants Web

Marchwood

Marchwood derives its names from "smallage wood"-smallage being a wild celery. The Roman road from the

Calshot/Lepe area passed through here on its way to Nursling (Onna as it was called). Roman coins have been

found at Bury Farm.

Cracknore was the landing place of the ferry from Southampton long before Hythe ferry was started. There was

an important beacon site here at Beacon Hill, receiving and sending messages to both ends of the Isle of Wight.

Now the Parish has an electricity generating station which was opened in June, 1957. On the shore is the Royal

Navy Ordnance Depot where the famous Mulberry Harbours were made.

http://www3.hants.gov.uk/localpages/south-west/southampton/marchwood.htm

Hythe Beacon

Hythe Beacon, Marchwood

Beacon

parish:

county:

co-ords:

Beacon Hill

Marchwood

Hampshire SU382093

refce: JandMN

old map: 25inch County Series map -- Hants LXXIII.1

old map Shown on an old map by Norden 1607

- beacon – New Forrest Hundred - Hamshire

Period - 1590s-1600s

refce: Norden 1607

(NRD1SU30.jpg)

old map Shown on an old map by Norden 1595

refce: Norden 1595

single post, possible small posts to left and

right, on a hillock symbol

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124

Hampshire Gazetteer - JandMN: 2001

http://www.envf.port.ac.uk/hantsgaz/hantsgaz/S0000480.HTM

HantsWeb -

Hampshire Treasures

Volume 5 ( New Forest)

Page 217-218 - Marchwood

Previous page (Volume 5, Page 215) Next page (Volume 5, Page 218)

Description and

Date Remarks Protection

Grid Ref.

and

Punchcard

No.

Group A - Natural Features

Area of

Ecological

Importance

Part of the Eling and Bury S.S.S.I. lies in this area. Bury Marsh

supports a mixed saltmarsh flora and fauna. Nationally

important for its wader population.

N,P. Act

S.S.S.I.

SU 381 115

2213 24

Trees Land adjoining St. John's Church. Several trees of a variety of

species standing in the area centred on grid reference.

T.P.O. No.

1085

SU 380 102

2213 21

Trees Tavells Lane. A variety of trees standing in this area centred on

grid reference.

T.P.O. No.

1110

SU 383 104

2213 23

Trees Highlands Copse. Several oak, ash, beech and birch trees

standing in the area. Centred on grid reference.

T.P.O. No.

292

SU 393 100

2213 16

Trees Sycamore Cottage, Hythe Road. Four groups consisting of oak

and willow standing in this area.

T.P.O. No.

1103

SU 384 100

2213 17

Trees Land adjoining south side Marchwood by-pass. Several trees of

differing species standing in this area.

T.P.O. No.

375

SU 384 095

2213 18

Trees Great Bursledon Copse, Twiggs Lane. Several trees of differing

species standing in the area. Centred on grid reference.

T.P.O. No.

1086A

SU 381 088

2213 19

Trees Crooked Hays Copse. A variety of trees standing in this area.

Centred on grid reference.

T.P.O. No.

1135

SU 390 101

2213 20

Trees Long Lane/Tavells Lane. Several trees of different types

standing in this area. Centred on grid reference.

T.P.O. No.

1083

SU 380 101

2213 21

Group B - Archaeological Sites and Remains

Roman

Coin Hoard

(Find)

Bury Farm. Discovered in C.18. Now in private ownership.

O.S.A. No. SU31 SE6. Ref: 1. Companion in a Tour around

Southampton. Second Edition. 1801. (Buller), p.118. Ref: 2.

V.C.H., Vol. 1, 1900.

SU 378 113

2213 04

Group D - Buildings, Monuments and Engineering Works

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125

Farmhouse

C.18

Bury Farmhouse. 2-storey. Plastered, tile roof. Brick stacks.

Hipped gables. Possibly older than date stated. Roman coins

found in foundations.

SU 378 113

2213 01

Houses (8)

C.18

The Terrace, Nos. 1-8 (consec.), Main Road. 2 storeys.

Colourwashed brick. Old tile roof. Nos. 1-7, a row of cottages

seven windows long. Ground floor with simple doors and

casement windows. No. 1, modest wooden porch to door. No. 8

stands free of, and forward from Nos. 1-7.

T. & C.P. Act SU 389 105

2213 13

Hampshire Treasures

Volume 5 ( New Forest)

Page 218 - Marchwood

Previous page (Volume 5, Page 217) Next page (Volume 5, Page 219)

Description

and Date Remarks Protection

Grid Ref.

and

Punchcard

No.

Inn

C.18

The White Horse, Main Road. 2 storeys. Painted

brick. Old tile roof, hipped at one end. First floor

with a sash window, 2-storey bay window and a

casement window. Modest door first floor with

three sash windows. Modern extension to right.

T. & C.P.

Act

SU 389 105

2213 15

Cottages (3)

C.18

Peartree, Nos. 1, 2 and 3, Main Road. 2-storeyed

row of cottages. Rendered. Thatched roof.

Ground floor with five casement windows. Two

doors with porches. First floor with four case-

ment windows, some under eaves, some under

eyebrows. Modern painted brick and thatch ex-

tension on left.

T. & C.P.

Act

SU 389 105

2213 14

Church

C.19

St. John the Apostle, 1843. Yellow brick and

stone. Very tall church with nave, chancel, tran-

septs, south aisle and south flanking tower. Stone

font. A partial copy of the Tournai marble font in

SU 385 101

2213 05

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126

Winchester Cathedral. Ref: Buildings of Eng-

land; Hants. and I.O.W., (Pevnser and Lloyd),

p.329.

House

C.19

Marchwood Park. 2 storey. Large, irregular de-

sign with plastered walls and slate roofs. Pillared

porch with architrave.

SU 391 091

2213 03

Cottage

C.19

Boxbush, Hythe Road. Single storey. Rendered.

Hipped thatched roof with canted end extension.

Three 2-light casements in pointed heads. Porch.

Two tall brick stacks.

T. & C.P.

Act

SU 397 096

2213 12

Building Royal Navy Arnaments Depot receiving rooms.

S.A.M. No.

286

SU 394 116

2213 07

Building Royal Navy Arnaments Depot examining rooms.

S.A.M. No.

284

SU 391 116

2213 08

Building Royal Navy Arnaments Depot ordnance house.

S.A.M. No.

282

SU 391 115

2213 09

Buildings (2) Royal Navy Arnaments Depot buildings 209,

210 and entrance gates.

S.A.M. No.

283

SU 393 115

2213 10

Buildings (2) Royal Navy Arnaments Depot, two magazines.

S.A.M. No.

285

SU 391 115

2213 11

lcehouse Marchwood Park. Large structure in reasonable

condition situated in the grounds northwest of

Marchwood House.

SU 390 093

2213 06

Group F - Historical or Literary Associations

Beacon (Site)

Pre 1595

Beacon Hill, Twiggs Lane. O.S.A. No. SU30

NE11. Ref: P.H.F.C., Vol. 10, 1926-30, p.p. 252-

278.

SU 382 092

2213 02

http://www.hants.gov.uk/hampshiretreasures/vol05/page218.html

Old Hampshire Gazetteer

Basic place data

The following comma delimited file is the identifying data from each record in the

HANTSGAZ database. The full database is far richer.

"Marchwood","Marchwood","settlement","Marchwood","Hampshire","SU3810"

"Marchwood Gravel Pit, Marchwood","Marchwood Gravel Pit","gravel pit","Marchwood","Hampshire"," "

"Marchwood Inclosure, Denny Lodge","Marchwood Inclosure","wood","Denny Lodge","Hampshire","SU3907"

"Marchwood Parish","Marchwood","parish","Marchwood","Hampshire","SU3910"

"Marchwood Park, Marchwood","Marchwood Park","park","Marchwood","Hampshire","SU3909"

http://www.envf.port.ac.uk/hantsgaz/hantsgaz/HGAZCDF1.HTM

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127

Southampton and Marchwood Service Community Official Guide

http://www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/Southampton_Full-08.pdf

Marchwood Area

Marchwood

Marchwood is a small village situated between the New Forest and the Solent. Several new housing estates have

been built; this has transformed the area as additional facilities have had to be provided to cope with the increase

in population. For example, a new junior school was opened. The Army quarters in Marchwood are close to the

centre of the village and the shops, schools and church.

Marchwood dates from before the Norman conquest and is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Mercewood. At

this time it was part of the King’s hunting groundand there is a tradition that William II or Rufus stayed at a

hunting lodge near BerryFarm. Later the village was infamous for smuggling, cargoes often being landed at

Cracknore Hard and run up to Exbury for auction.

At one time glass sand (a rarity) was dug from near the old road to Eling and sent to a glass works at Bristol.

Beacon Hill was the site of one of the national beacons that warned the whole nation that the Spanish Armada

had been sighted coming up the Channel.

During the mid-19th century, a Royal Naval Magazine was established at Marchwood but it was extensively

damaged during an air raid in World War II. It was during World War II that the building of the Military Port

began. The land had been acquired for the assembly and launching of the famous Mulberry harbours used to

support the D Day landing on the Normandy beaches.

Waterside

Waterside is the name given to the piece of land that runs down the South West side of the Solent from

Marchwood to Calshot. Today its boundary to the South West is realistically the main road from Totton to

Calshot. The Station has three groups of quarters within the Waterside boundary. That at Marchwood, already

mentioned, one at Hythe and one at Calshot. The quarters at Calshot are close to a beach, being part of the old

RAF Flying Boat Station. Calshot is about 9 miles from Marchwood and about 4 miles from Holbury where

there are a reasonable number of shops. Calshot itself has a pub and a garage.

Hythe

Hythe is the central village of the Waterside area. It has reasonable shopping facilities and a half hour ferry

service to Southampton. The quarters were bought straight from the civil market and so are part of a civilian

estate. Hythe has been surrounded by new buildings which now connect the village of Diben, Hythe and Dibden

Purlieu into one conglomeration. There are several areas where shops are grouped, a small hospital exists with

many doctors’ surgeries in the same vicinity, and the usual schools have been provided. The Hythe area is still

expanding, the most exciting feature being a new marina.

The New Forest

The quarters associated with Marchwood are all close to the New Forest, which is an area of woods and

heathland. It was originally Royal Hunting land and has been Leisure Time

preserved throughout the centuries as a largely wild and uncultivated area. This is probably due to the poor

quality of the soil and poor drainage. The New Forest provides a superb area for walks, picnics, riding and other

outdoor activities. The families living in the Waterside area are extremely fortunate to have such a large area of

quite beautiful open land on their doorstep.

Southampton

Southampton is a large modern city about 14 miles from Calshot, 81/2 miles from Hythe and 5 miles from

Marchwood. Access to the city is by modern roads which can be congested at certain hours of the day or by

ferry from Hythe. The city centre has all the normal chain stores plus many specialist shops on the fringe of the

actual centre. Large modern hospitals have been built, the city has a university, theatres and a well known

football club. Southampton is probably most famous for the great passenger liners that used the port between the

two world wars. Even today the Queen Elizabeth II is a regular visitor and can be clearly viewed from many

vantage points. A large container port is currently thriving, making the Solent a busy and interesting spectacle.

Southampton is connected to London by dual carriageway and motorway for the whole distance and a fast

frequent train service runs daily.

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Local Information (Military)

Military Units Southampton/Marchwood Station

17 Port and Maritime Regiment RLC

This is the major unit and comprises a Headquarters, five squadrons, and a REME Workshops, located in

Marchwood. The Regiment is fully committed to operating the Sea Mounting Centre at Marchwood,

continuation training and specific port operating tasks either in support of exercises or at established home and

overseas bases.

Since 1948 Marchwood has been the home of a Port Regiment. It was formerly 17 Port and Training Regiment

Royal Engineers and as a result of the amalgamation in 1965 it became 17 Port Regiment Royal Corps of

Transport. Since the change of Corps in 1965, 17 Port Regiment ceased to be primarily concerned with trade

training and concentrated its efforts in Marchwood to operating, as a live concern, the Military Port; passing the

training commitment to Port, Rail and Maritime Wing, School of Logistics, also located in Marchwood. The

workload through the port has increased over the years at a dramatic rate and continues to do so.

Up until October 1988 the only jetty in use was designed for small vessels of about 1,500 tons. This

consequently made the task of operating the port very difficult. Fortunately the Landing Ships Logistic, which

are based at Marchwood, have a shallow draught and could be accommodated.

In April 1986 a port rebuild project was started, and on 4th October 1988 a new, more sophisticated jetty and

quay was completed. These facilities are capable of handling the much larger ships in operation today. Also the

buildings were updated, and we were provided with a network of communications which improved the

efficiency of cargo and passenger handling in a port where the volume of traffic is ever increasing

http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Qln0Lqs_LoYJ:www.army.mod.uk/documents/general

/Southampton_Full-08.pdf+beacon+hill+marchwood&cd=23&hl=en&ct=clnk&source=www.google.com

Victorian County History – Marchwood

ELING

Edlinges (xi cent.); Elinga, Elinges (xii cent.); Elinges (xiii cent.).

The ancient parish of Eling included the modern parishes of Eling, Netley Marsh, Copythorne, Colbury

and Marchwood, the four latter parishes being formed from Eling in 1894. (fn. 1) The inclosure award for Eling

is dated 30 November 1814. (fn. 2)

Marchwood includes that part of the ancient parish of Eling which lies low (fn. 10) at the mouth of the River

Test and south-east of the town of Eling. It contains 1,599 acres of land, of which 4 acres are covered with

water, 430½ acres are arable land, 829¾ are pasture land and 181 are woodland. (fn. 11) The village lies along

the road from Eling to Dibden. There are Government powder magazines and Metropolitan Police barracks.

Byams House, north-east of the village, was rebuilt in 1878, and was for many years the seat of Mr. William

Gascoigne Roy, J.P., to whose family it had belonged for over a century. It now belongs to Major John H.

Grime Lloyd. MarchwoodPark, formerly the property of the Holloway family, but now belonging to Mrs. Ross

Porter, is in the south of the parish, and lies partly in Dibden. The soil is clay and sand.

The manor of MARCHWOOD (Mercewode, xi cent.; Merchewude, xiii cent.; Marchewood Rumsey, xvi cent.)

was held before the Conquest by Ulviet and at the time of the Domesday Survey by his son Alwin. (fn. 221) A

rent of six quarters of salt in March wood passed during the 13th and 14th centuries with the manor of West

Tytherley (fn. 222) (q.v.), but the manor of Marchwood, known also as Marchwood Romsey, belonged to the

Romseys, who had also acquired the rent of salt before 1403–4. (fn. 223)

The manor of Marchwood Romsey was held of the Abbess of Romsey by fealty. (fn. 224) In 1599 it was said to

be held of the Crown, as of the hundred of Redbridge. (fn. 225) John de Romsey held the vill of Marchwood in

1316, (fn. 226) and settled a messuage and 2 carucates of land in Marchwood, North Langley and Testwood

upon himself and his wife Maud in 1335–6. (fn. 227) He was succeeded by Sir Walter Romsey of Rockbourne,

who died in 1403–4 holding land inMarchwood. (fn. 228) The manor then passed in the same way as Romsey

Horseys (q.v.) until the death of Thomas Horsey in 1477. (fn. 229) His brother and successor John Horsey

seems to have subinfeudated the manor to John Romsey of Tatchbury, for he died in 1494 holding it of—

Horsey, (fn. 230) and was succeeded by his son John, who died in 1503 holding it of John Horsey. (fn. 231)

William Romsey, son and successor of this John, sold the manor to Henry White, who left it by his will dated 12

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September 1534 to his executors for sixteen years for the maintenance of his children, with remainder to his

sons Robert, Francis and Alban, and to his nephews Thomas and Henry White in tail-male. (fn. 232) The manor

passed from Robert White to his son William in 1564–5, (fn. 233) and William and his wife Margaret conveyed

it in 1579 to Richard Beconsawe. (fn. 234) This conveyance was probably in the nature of a mortgage, for in

1587 William White sold the manor to Nicholas Venables, and a warranty against Richard and William

Beconsawe is inserted in the conveyance. (fn. 235) William Rickman died seised of the manor in 1599, leaving

his daughter Katherine wife of David Urry his heir. (fn. 236) A hundred years later David Urry, described as of

St. James', Westminster, sold the manor to Gilbert Serle of Leghorn, (fn. 237) and it subsequently passed in the

same way as Weston Corbett (q.v.) to Sir William Oglander. (fn. 238)

Romsey. Argent a fesse gules.

Urry. Gules a cheveron between three falcons argent.

The manor afterwards passed to John Saunders, of Downs House, on whose death in 1832 it descended to his

son, Andrew Saunders. (fn. 239) Cecil Roy Saunders, who succeeded his father Andrew in 1876, died in 1907,

and his brother, Archibald Carmichael Saunders, is now lord of the manor of Marchwood.

In 1489 Sir Richard Darell died seised of a messuage called WADE (La Waude, xiii cent.) and lands in Romsey

and Eling held of Lord De La Warr, (fn. 240) and of forty messuages in Romsey held of the Abbess of Rom sey.

(fn. 241) The subsequent descent of the manor is identical with that of Paultons or Ower (fn. 242) (q.v.) until the

sale of Paultons by William Paulet in 1646. Wade was retained and sold in 1660 as the manor of Wade and

Ower to James Betts of London. (fn. 243)

Saunders. Sable a cheveron ermine between three bulls' heads caboshed argent.

The church of ST. JOHN, Marchwood, is of brick and stone in 15th-century style, consisting of chancel, nave,

south aisle, transepts and a tower with spire

Marchwood became a separate ecclesiastical parish in 1843. (fn. 315) The church was built and endowed by

Horatio Francis Kingsford Holloway in 1843, (fn. 316) and the advowson remained in the possession of his

family until 1887–8, when it passed to Charles Bartholomew, (fn. 317) in whose trustees it is now vested.

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130

Netley Marsh became an ecclesiastical parish in 1855. (fn. 318) The church was built in 1854–5 chiefly at the

expense of Miss Ann Sturges Bourne, of Testwood House, who endowed the vicarage. (fn. 319) The advowson

was in her possession until 1892, when it passed to the vicar of Eling, (fn. 320) in whom it is now vested.

There is at Totton a chapel of ease to the parish church of Eling, dedicated to St. Mary.

In 1672 the house of Esther Oviet at Eling was licensed for Presbyterian worship. (fn. 321) The Congregational

chapel at Cadnam was founded in 1790, that at Totton in 1811, and that at Netley Marsh in 1901. (fn. 322)

There are also a Congregational chapel at Marchwood, Primitive Methodist chapels at Totton and Cadnam, a

Baptist chapel at Bartley, and a Gospel mission hall at Totton, erected in 1901.

http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=56879&strquery=marchwood#n11

History of Herald Publishing

April 1994 - Janice Taylor creates Hythe & Dibden Purlieu Herald & it's first edition is published with a

circulation of 1,500

October 1994 - Janice Taylor creates a sister magazine, Holbury, Fawley & Blackfield Herald, with a

circulation of 1,500

October 1995 - Janice Taylor sets up Herald Publishing, a partnership business with Paula Jarvis, an old

colleague from a previous job

April 1996 - Took on an additional magazine, The Carrier, covering the Romsey & Eastleigh area

July 1996 - The two versions of the Herald are combined to create one monthly magazine, known as The

Waterside Herald, to cover the whole of the Waterside

November 2002 - Herald Publishing moves to new premises in Admirals Way, Hythe and begins to build a

small retail business as well. By now, circulation figures of The Waterside Herald are 10,000

November 2005 - Silverock Enterprises Ltd, owners of Hythe Trophy Centre, acquires Herald Publishing to

merge two local businesses together and create economies of scale. Janice Taylor & Paula Jarvis become

directors and shareholders of Silverock Enterprises Ltd and are appointed as Editorial Director and Production

Director respectively

August 2007 - Herald Publishing takes the decision to combine The Waterside Herald and The Carrier into one

magazine and change it from monthly to 3-weekly. The magazine is renamed The Herald

October 2008 - Herald Publishing (along with its sister business Hythe Trophy Centre) moves to new, much

larger premises in the High Street, Hythe, refurbishing the premises to a high standard to provide purpose built

areas for office space, retail sales and storage. Whilst refurbishing the premises, a sympathetic approach was

applied to the fact that a Listed Building in a Conservation Area was being dealt with, and an ageing building

that was in disrepair has been given a new lease of life

December 2008 - Official opening of Herald Publishing's new premises was conducted by local author &

illustrator, Simon Chadwick, and Joshua Edwards, a local lad who, at the age of 11, suffered a Spontaneous

Spinal Epidural Haematoma, a very rare illness (only 27 cases ever reported in the world), which has left him

wheelchair-bound for life

http://www.herald-publishing.co.uk/about/about.htm

BURY FARM My grandfather's 77 Squadron Royal Air Force Whitley bomber P5044 collided with Balloon

cables early one morning 15th August 1940 at about 3.30 am to 3.34 am (03.30 hrs RAF - 03.34 hrs A.A. Intell.

Reports and Observer Posts reported time) … … Other records suggest there was a collision with a barrage

balloon cable of 930 Southampton Squadron sited at Bury Farm, near Marchwood and that the aircraft flew on,

but one record changes this collision near Marchwood to the day after (16th August 1940). Does anyone

remember what happened ……………. http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/user/05/u933805.shtml

Group B - Archaeological Sites and Remains

Roman - Coin Hoard (Find)

Bury Farm. Discovered in C.18. Now in private ownership. O.S.A. No. SU31 SE6. Ref: 1. Companion in a Tour

around Southampton. Second Edition. 1801. (Buller), p.118. Ref: 2. V.C.H., Vol. 1, 1900. SU 378 113 2213 04

Group D - Buildings, Monuments and Engineering Works - Farmhouse

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131

C.18 Bury Farmhouse. 2-storey. Plastered, tile roof. Brick stacks. Hipped gables. Possibly older than date

stated. Roman coins found in foundations. SU 378 113 2213 01

Houses (8)

C.18 The Terrace, Nos. 1-8 (consec.), Main Road. 2 storeys. Colourwashed brick. Old tile roof. Nos. 1-7, a

row of cottages seven windows long. Ground floor with simple doors and casement windows. No. 1, modest

wooden porch to door. No. 8 stands free of, and forward from Nos. 1-7.

http://www.hampshire.gov.uk/hampshiretreasures/vol05/page217.html

Jacobs Gutter Lane and Bury House (Nov 05 Red)

My ancestor William Rogers lived at Totton/Eling for some time in the 1830s and had several children baptised

at Totton Independent Chapel. His wife was Mary Ann Sillence. He worked as a Butler at Bury House,

Marchwood in 1839. Does anyone have any information on Bury House at this period. Is it still there? This

information is taken from his son Charles' birth certificate which also states that Charles was born at Jacobs

Gutter Lane. Any information http://www.curiousfox.com/uk/rsn.lasso?vid=24986&eid=68262&-nothing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wallis_Titt#cite_note-Marines-9

ROMAN BRITAIN

John Wallis Titt (1841–1910) was a late nine-

teenth-century mechanical engineer and build-

er of a particular design of large wind engine.

16 feet (4.88 m) engine on a 70 feet (21.34 m)

steel tower. Erected in 1893 at a cost of £155

at Marchwood Hampshire,

“Club History” Marchwood Yacht Club, Re-

trieved May 22 2009

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The Romans in Hampshire

http://www.sopse.org.uk/ixbin/hixclient.exe?a=query&p=hants&f=generic_theme.htm&_IXFIRST_=

1&_IXMAXHITS_=1&%3Dtheme_record_id=hs-hs-archatlas_content8&s=IPiJkh6Z3kh

Hampshire Archaeology and Historic Buildings Atlas

Roman

Roman sites

AD43 to 409

The Roman army invaded Britain in AD43,

landing in Kent. Their passage into Hampshire

may have been eased by the contact between

Iron Age tribes and the Romanised continent in

the years before the invasion and there is little

evidence of any local resistance to the Romans

arriving in the region. Over the next 400 years of Roman occupation there were, however,

social, political and technological changes which have left a significant

mark in the archaeological record of the county.

Roman roads

The Roman army's most visible and lasting legacy is the construction of

the road network, parts of which are still followed by many modern

routes. The map depicts how the main Roman roads crossed

Hampshire. Settlements are usually to be found where roads cross and

the two major intersections in the county can clearly be seen at

Silchester, in the north of the county, and Winchester in the centre,

which were the main population centres in Hampshire in the period.

Roman villas and other features

Roman towns

Both Silchester known as Calleva Atrebatum,

and Winchester, known as Venta Belgarum,

started out as earlier settlements incorporating

the names of the Iron Age tribes, the

Atrebates and Belgae, in the names of the

Roman towns. All Roman towns across the Empire were based on a common plan

which took the form of streets laid out in a grid pattern surrounded by

walls. Within this grid a range of amenities were provided, many of

which would be recognisable in a modern town. Silchester excavations

Excavations at Silchester have revealed buildings housing commercial,

religious, administrative, domestic and industrial activities which were

taking place within the town walls. Immediately outside the walls was

situated the amphitheatre, where various entertainments were

provided, and at Silchester the remains can still be seen. Also sited

outside of the town walls were the cemeteries, and three sites have so

far been discovered at Winchester, including Lankhills where a

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133

substantial inhumation cemetery has been excavated.

Roman villas

The Roman economy relied on agriculture and many Roman villas

occupied the sites of former Iron Age farms. Compared with their Iron

Age predecessors, the rectangular, usually stone built, Roman villas

offered a high standard of living, often, as at Thruxton and Bramdean,

having such luxuries as mosaic covered heated floors. The distribution

of Roman villas reflects both the suitability of good agricultural land and

the proximity to a market to sell the surplus produce, and many villas

are situated within a days travelling distance of the towns where

wealthy villa owners may also have had town houses.

Pottery production

Another element of the Roman economy can be seen in the two

nationally important pottery production sites in Hampshire. In the north

east of the county, near the present day Surrey border, is the site of

the Alice Holt pottery industry. The pottery produced here was mainly

for everyday household items and had a fairly local distribution. In the

south west, the New Forest produced better made pottery which was

exported further afield. Not all the pottery in Hampshire was produced

locally, however, and items made in Italy, France, Oxfordshire, Dorset, and Northamptonshire have also been recovered.

End of Roman Hampshire

Towards the end of the Roman period there were incursions along the

south coast by Saxons and Frankish barbarians. As a response to this

the impressive, and still preserved, fort of Portchester was constructed.

The period leading up to and immediately following the withdrawal of

the Roman army in AD409 also saw a decline in urban living.

Excavations at Silchester have found former sites of buildings being

used as agricultural or garden land, perhaps an indication that the

citizens were beginning to move out of the towns and into the

surrounding countryside. Silchester, unlike Winchester, proved

unattractive to later settlers and this abandonment has given

archaeologists the opportunity to investigate the town which lies under farmland still enclosed by the surviving Roman walls.

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Brief Description: Distribution map

showing Roman sites in Hampshire, including

towns, temples, villas, areas of pottery

production and other sites.

Subject Date: Roman

Creator: Archaeology and Historic Buildings

Record

Owner: Archaeology and Historic Buildings

Record

Contributor: Archaeology and Historic

Buildings Record

g Full Description: Blue areas - Coastal Zones and River Valleys Green

areas - Forest and Heathland Yellow areas - Agricultural Collection: Hampshire Archaeology and Historic Buildings Atlas

Place: Hampshire

Subject: Roman, archaeology, temple, villa, Roman town, pottery production

Content Type: Map

Unique ID: hs-ha-romansites-i-00-000.jpg

IPR: Archaeology and Historic Buildings Record - Hampshire County Council

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The Romans in Southampton

http://www.thisishampshire.net/news/1527577.what_was_life_like_in_roman_southampton/

"You have to remember the Romans came to Britain to exploit it," says Karen Wardley, curator of

archaeology at Southampton's Museum of Archaeology.

"One of the main exports was slaves. We look back now and see beautiful Roman villas and have

an image of how things were, but in reality the Romans were brutal and nasty."

Southampton could certainly be a lethal place during Roman times says the museum's archaeology

manager, Andy Russel.

"We have plenty of records of armed gangs," explains Mr Russel, an expert on Southampton's

largest Roman settlement, Clausentum.

"There was no national police force so crime depended on having a strong right arm."

Clausentum was built on a promontory on the east side of the River Itchen - now known as

Bitterne Manor.

The site, which began life in AD 43 as a military base for the invading Romans, was an important

port and later became a defensive fort.

Excavations have revealed traces of a bath-house, warehouses, roadways and tracks, and

defences in the form of banks and walls.

While Hampshire was generally quite friendly towards the invading Romans, Mr Russel says things

were not always so peaceful.

And, he reveals, the city may even have been the setting for a bloody battle to rival those played

out on BBC2 every Wednesday and Sunday night.

"There may have been a battle of tooth and claw in Southampton," he says. "There was a period

when Britain declared itself independent from the rest of the Empire and a fort may have been

built in Southampton in the AD 280s.

"The Roman Emperor wasn't very impressed with this and put together a fleet to reclaim Britain.

"We think they landed off the coast of the Isle of Wight and might have attacked the fort in

Southampton before marching through to London."

The Isle of Wight would have been used to conflict. Violent battles frequently erupted between the

Romans and the tribes on the island, says Mr Russel. The result? Mass slaughter.

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136

In the early days of the Roman invasion Clausentum was an important stopping-off point for the

soldiers.

A huge warehouse was built here to store weapons and food for the troops.

Later the site began to grow into a civilian town and its location by the sea made it a perfect

trading point.

"We know lead was being exported so there would have been lots of chunky dockers wandering

around Southampton who were able to lift and move the heavy ingots around," says Mr Russel.

And if the excesses of Rome weren't readily available in Hampshire, they were soon being shipped

in via Southampton.

"It was very important to follow the Roman way of life. You had to have the right kind of house,

the right clothes and the right food. Luxurious items were imported from Rome such as fancy

pottery and olive oil, wine and fish sauce which was so important in Roman cuisine.

"Housewives in Bitterne would have armed themselves with a Roman recipe book written by a man

called Appicius.

"It would have included dishes such as roast dormouse and lark's tongue pie. Some of these

dishes and ways of life would be direct copies of the kind of excesses seen in Rome."

New Forest & Waterside.

Arthur Clarke http://www.sal.org.uk/obituaries/Obituary%20archive/arthur-clarke

‘Nobby’ Clarke was born in Bembridge, Isle of Wight, on 6 August 1921 and attended the Royal Ma-

sonic School. He worked briefly for an insurance company in the City and on the outbreak of war

joined the Brigade of Guards, with which he later served in Germany. Demobilised in 1946 he began a

new career with the Archaeology Branch of the Ordnance Survey, where he was trained in field survey

and draughtsmanship, working under C. W. Phillips, FSA, who had succeeded W. F. Grimes as Archae-

ology Officer. Clark loved field work and travelled extensively up and down the country, never staying

long in any one place and operating from a caravan during his early career. Over the years he discov-

ered a number of archaeological sites, including the Roman road from Chichester to Silchester, but

finally settled for a more sedentary job with the Ordnance Survey, first in the Edinburgh office in 1965

and then as superintendent at Maybush in 1972. After retirement in 1981 Clarke stayed on in South-

ampton and, attracted by the archaeological possibilities of the New Forest, took up field work again,

concentrating on the alignment of Roman roads. The first task he set himself was to identify the medi-

eval boundary marks of the New Forest and, having accomplished this, he went on to investigate those

boundary marks described by medieval chroniclers as "the king’s road" or "the great road", often a

Roman road. The first to receive his attention was the Roman road to Lepe, shown on Isaac Taylor’s

map of 1759 but discarded from the OS Map of Roman Britain. Clarke re-established its authenticity

and identified "the great road" which branched from the Lepe road at Applemore, tracing it across the

Forest almost to the outskirts of Salisbury. Still at Lepe, he discovered a previously unknown section of

the road, northwards from Applemore to Tatchbury, where it joins a known Roman road. Clarke re-

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identified remains of Roman roads, known only from historical accounts of Vespasian’s campaign, one

in the vicinity of Stoney Cross, largely destroyed by the construction of a wartime airfield, and one

from Cadnam, through Stoney Cross on to the river Avon, much of it destroyed by the A31 motorway.

The newly discovered roads encompass most of the hillforts in the Forest; there are two roads leading

to the Isle of Wight and the western road leads to the mid-first century military site at Lake Farm.

Clarke did not publish his findings but his computer files, papers and maps are deposited in the New

Forest Museum at Lyndhurst, including reappraisals of the alignments of the Fosse Way, Ermine Street,

and Stane Street as well as the New Forest roads. It is hoped that these will be published in due

course. Clarke died on 23 March 2000.

Roman Waterside http://www.infobarrel.com/The_Mystery_Of_The_Battle_Of_Netley_Marsh

“508 Her Cerdic 7 Cynric ofslogon aenne brettisccyning, pam was nama Nataleod, 7 .v.

pusendu wera mid him. AEfter was paet lond nemned Natanleaga op Cerdicesford.”

“508. This year Cerdic and Cynric slew a British king, whose name was Natanleod, and

five thousand men with him. After this was the land named Natanleaga from him, as far

as Cerdices ford.”

So runs an intriguing entry in the Anglo Saxon Chronicles written at the end of the ninth

century. There may be some inaccuracies in terms of dates (remember these Chronicles

were written some 300 years after the event) and following adjustments to the calendar

during the intervening period but it does indicate one of the early battles in the invasion

of England by the Saxons.

The period from the departure of the Romans from Britain in 410AD to the height of the

Anglo Saxon power is known as the „Dark Ages‟ as so little is known of this time. This has

not prevented the creation of popular stories about what might have occurred, principle

among which are those of King Arthur and „The Lord Of The Rings‟ trilogy.

The battle of Natanleaga was probably key in the creation of the Saxon kingdom of

Wessex and so in English history generally. But where was it and what really happened?

I have for some time been working on a history of a nearby hill fort known as Tatchbury

Mount and have discovered Natanleaga is generally accepted to be the village of Netley

Marsh in Hampshire, in the shadow of the fort.

Before The Battle Several sources state Cerdic and his son Cynric landed at a

place called Cerdics-ore (Cerdics-mouth) and moved inland. This location is less easy to

pin down but is almost certain to be around Calshot or Lepe at the mouth of

Southampton Water. The 2001 Hampshire Gazetteer believed Cerdics-ore changed to

Calshore and then Calshot. The beach at Lepe is also possible as this was the port used

by the Romans to travel across to the Isle of Wight. Lepe is also the start of a Roman

road. O.G.S.Crawford writing in 1931 felt a more likely landing place would be Totton or

Eling at the deep inland on Southampton water. However, this would still bring the

Saxons onto the Roman road albeit further along.

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138

The existence of a road is significant. An army wanting to move fast would take

advantage of an easy route, especially in this terrain. Indeed Dr G. B. Grundy (1861-

1948) established that Saxon armies habitually followed important highways, which they

called „herepaths‟ („here‟ meaning „army‟). The names of Netley Marsh and its neighbours

Calmore (or Calmoor, „Moor‟ meaning marshland), Marchwood (Marshwood) and

Applemore give an indication of the land around at the time. The area between them and

the nearby inlet of Southampton Water was heavy marshland and bog. Roman road

RR423 was really the only choice.

In attempting to identify the northern end of this road, I placed it to the west of

Tatchbury Mount but found a sunken lane to the east, which could be a Roman road.

Recently Arthur „Nobby‟ Clarke, a former historian of the Ordnance Survey, made a

survey of this road and found it ran up the edge of Southampton Water, up Calmore

Road in Totton, right past the entrance to the hill fort, crossed road RR422 and joined

another road beyond. This ran it straight through the sunken lane. It all fitted.

It became clear the Saxon army must have followed road RR423 to near Tatchbury.

Perhaps king Natanleod was waiting in the hill fort? Evidence shows the Romans and

Dark Age people often occupied such Iron Age forts. It seems possible the Saxons would

spread across the higher ground to do battle rather than risk the mire (now largely

covered by modern housing) below. Maybe now we are getting an idea of the battle site.

The battle was clearly bloody and decisive with 5000 men killed, among them was King

Natanleod. Sharon Turner in his book „History Of The Anglo-Saxons‟ (written 1799-

1805) believed he knew how the battle was fought.

“This was something like a national conflict between the two contesting races. Cerdic

increased his own strength by auxiliary forces from the Saxons in Kent and Sussex, and

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Natanleod assembled the greatest army of Britons that had yet met the Saxons together.

He directed his main attack on their right wing, where Cerdic commanded, and drove it

from the field, but, too eager in pursuit, he allowed this chieftain‟s son to move on him in

the rear and the victory was wrenched from his grasp. He fell with 5000 Britons, and

such was the extent of his disaster, that all the region near the scene of conflict became

afterwards called by his name.”

The Aftermath Following the battle it seems the Saxon horde consolidated their

position in southwest Hampshire. Tatchbury was well positioned in terms of roads as a

major Roman road (RR422) crossed RR423 just beyond the hill fort and beyond that an

ancient track, the Cloven Way, lead north to Old Sarum (Salisbury) via an intriguing

earthwork named Stagbury Mount. The course of this track, which predated the Romans,

can still be seen from the air.

Such good communications enabled Cerdic to press on and take more ground (Crawford

points out there is little arable farmland in the area between the rivers Test and Avon),

probably including the city of Venta Belgarum (Winchester), which may well have been

King Natanleod‟s capital and became the capital for succeeding kings. The Anglo Saxon

Chronicles relates that Cerdic and Cynric “undertook the government of the West

Saxons” in 519AD and the same year fought a battle at Cerdices ford (Charford), a

settlement on the river Avon and on the Cloven Way just below Old Sarum.

The battle of Netley Marsh can thus be seen as the foundation of the kingdom of Wessex.

Connections With King Arthur Students of the Arthurian legends have

several theories about this battle, which would require an entire article in their own

right. The identities of both Cerdic and Natanleod are open to debate. Indeed some

historians even doubt the existence of Natanleod (which, if true, would make the battle

very tame).

Cerdic may well be half Briton, perhaps a warlord elsewhere in the country, but there has

been a suggestion he may have been King Arthur himself. Others feel Natanleod might

have been either Uther Pendragon, Arthur‟s father, or Ambrosius Aurelianus, Uther‟s

brother.

My particular interest lies in the fact that the Saxons did not seem to go any further west

than the river Avon. Was there a British warlord preventing them?

Conclusion It is tempting to believe that we, in the modern age, know all there is

to know about history but if the Battle of Netley Marsh teaches us one thing that is there

is so much more to be discovered. This is particularly true when one realises that 90% of

the 1366 hill forts in Britain have not been examined.

ROMAN SITES in Hampshire

1. http://www.britainexpress.com/attractions-map-by-

county.htm?County=Hampshire&Attraction=Roman

2.

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Marchwood History Research Journal 12.03.2011, today I took Sveta, to visit the Waterside Heritage Centre, to meet Graham Parkes. The visit was an introduction for Sveta to see the centre and to consider undertaking some research on the history of Marchwood. Sveta was a little impressed but agreed to start and see where it would lead. That afternoon we returned from shopping via the Eling Toll Bridge and followed the road to Marchwood. 13.03.2011, I spent the day searching the Internet and down loaded information about:

Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood. Marchwood Yacht Club Marchwood Parish council – Listed Buildings Marchwood Power Station Map of Marchwood Parish National Archives - Domesday Book Marchwood listed buildings

The Marchwood Parish Councils page of listed buildings led to English Heritages Listed Buildings. A search of Marchwood Parish gave me a new longer list of buildings and the rest of my day was taken up with downloading the details. I also provided updated information on two entries. 15.03.2011, today we had our first expedition around the roads of Marchwood with two objectives. To familiarise ourselves with the roads secondly, to try and find some of the listed buildings. At the end of the day we had found the yacht club, the White Horse PH, Pear Tree Cottages amongst a number of items I photographed. 17.03.2011, today Sveta and I went for our first volunteer session at the Heritage Centre Our first task was to strip down the display panels and number them. I stripped them down and Sveta did the numbering. When we had finished Sveta asked Graham if there was anything else we could do and Graham found another pile of documents that he sorted and Sveta numbered. Later we explored the Marchwood Area. We visited the Marchwood C of E Infants School, Twiggs lane and confirmed that the County Police Station was indeed next door. The building is now a pair of semi-detached houses, converted to private residences. The left one has a small sign County Po-lice Station. Crossing the Marchwood by-pass we discovered Dun Clagh up a long drive, invisible from the road. It’s a wonderful old building with an extensive garden. I met Mr B. Nuttall the current owner who told me that some of the buildings had been extended in keeping with original design. Unfortunately I had to respect the owner’s privacy and was unable to make a photographic record. Next we went looking for Staplewood Farm house, which my research had discovered, now be-longed to the Southampton Football Club. Enquiring of the security guard, who pointed out the farm house to me but regretted that he could not allow unauthorised photography. So I made do with taking a photograph over the gate. Finally in Old Magazine Close, I discovered some items of Industrial Archaeology. There were a dozen Harland & Wolff drain covers.

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18.03.2011. I have copied the three separate research documents together and numbered the pag-es. I now have 37,841 word and 119 pages. I am also numbering sections and paragraphs.

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Index 1. National Archives Domesday reference Marchwood 2. Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood 3. Marchwood Yacht Club History 4. Marchwood Power Station 5. THE BRITISH POWER BOAT COMPANY 6. Husband Shipyard 7. Marchwood Railway Station 8. Map of Marchwood Railway Station 9. Church of St Johns the Apostle 10. Gospel Church 11. New Forest Community Church 12. Marchwood Women’s Institute 13. Marchwood Council Listed Buildings 14. British Listed Building 15. Blast Wall 16. Bury Farmhouse 17. Church of St John the Apostle 18. Dun Clagh 19. Former No. 1 Magazine 20. Former Examining Room 21. Former Magazine 22. Former Receiving Room 23. Frobisher Court 24. Granary 25. Ice House 26. Malthouse Farmhouse 27. Marchwood Green Farmhouse 28. Marchwood House 29. Marchwood Primary School 30. Marchwood Yacht Club 31. Pear Tree Cottages 32. Staple Farm House 33. Whitehouse Public House