other marine mammals
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Other Marine Mammals
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Order Carnivora – Suborder Pinnipedia
• Seals, sea lions, walruses• Pinniped means “feather foot”• Paddle shaped flippers and hind limbs
for swimming and moving on land• Return to shore – “haul out” – to rest,
mate and raise pups
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Order Carnivora – Suborder Pinnipedia
• Evolved from same line as bears• Largest = male northern elephant
seal – 8,000 lbs., feeds on sharks, skates, fish, squid
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Order Carnivora – Suborder Pinnipediaseals vs sea lions
Seals Sea LionsHind flippers for swimming – front flippers short
Front flippers longer for swimming
Cannot turn hind flippers under body - useless for walking – awkward on land
Can turn hind flippers under body - to walk on land
No ear flap – just hole Visible external ear flaps
Usually in colder waters – thick blubber layer
Usually in warmer waters – less blubber
Not trainable – not in shows Trainable – in shows
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Order Carnivora – Suborder Pinnipediaseals vs sea lions
sea lion seal
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California sea lion Harbor seal
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Order Carnivora – Suborder Pinnipediawalruses
• Larger than seals and sea lions• Weigh up to 2 tons• Tusks help search for food (clams and
mussels) and pull bodies on ice floes• Thick blubber layer
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Order Carnivora – Suborder Pinnipedia
• No sea lions or walruses near Long Island• Only true seals:
Harbor seal – most common
Harp sealGray seal
Ringed seal Hooded seal
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Order Carnivora – sea otters
• Smallest marine mammals• Wide flipper-like hind feet and large flattened
tails to swim• No blubber, but dense fur, layer of air below
fur, high metabolic rate (to generate heat) keeps them warm
• Almost hunted to extinction for fur – early 1900s
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Order Carnivora – sea otters • Use tools (stones) to feed on clams and sea
urchins and many other things• Important in kelp forests in California• No sea otters on east coast – only river otters
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Order Carnivora – polar bears
• Live in Arctic on pack ice or tundra• Solitary and nomadic – walk and swim
between ice floes• Oar-like front paws to swim• Hunt by surprise – seals, stranded whales,
sometimes fish and birds, also berries and seaweed
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Order Carnivora – polar bears
• Thick fur and blubber• Largest bears• No enemies, but humans
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Order Sirenia
• Manatees and dugongs (sea cows)• Slow, harmless, defenseless• Evolved from ungulates (deeror horselike ancestor)• Herbivores – eat seagrasses andseaweeds• Tropical and subtropical coastalwaters and rivers, ex: Florida
manatee
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Order Sirenia
• Swim by moving tail up and down• Rely on sound for communication• Previously hunted to low numbers, now
protected, but killed by boats
dugong
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Order Sirenia• Stellar sea cow – lived in Bering Sea• Hunted to extinction in 1768 - 27 years after
discovery
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Marine Mammal Protection Act
• Enacted in 1972 in response to declines in whale and other marine mammal populations
• Illegal to hunt, harvest, harass, kill or possess marine mammals or any parts• Exceptions for Alaska natives