other health impairments tlse 240. definition of other health impairments having limited strength,...
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Other Health Impairments
TLSE 240
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Definition of other health impairments
Having limited strength, vitality, or alertness including a heightened alertness to environmental stimuli that result in limited alertness with respect to the educational environment
May be chronic (develops slowly and has long lasting symptoms) or acute (develops quickly and has symptoms that are intense but do not last long)
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Examples Asthma AD/HD Diabetes Leukemia Sickle Cell Anemia Others
For IDEA the condition must adversely affect a child’s educational performance or it falls under the 504 plan.
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Asthma Primary cause of school absences (5 million
absences a year) On the rise (72% increase in 20 years) Mild to life threatening conditions and death Difficulty exhaling (not inhaling) Air is trapped, tightness and swelling of
bronchial tubes and mucus formation About two children in a typical classroom Triggers
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Asthma Medications
Anti-inflammatories reduce airway swelling
Bronchodilators open constricted airways
Take them as soon as symptoms develop
Classroom accommodations
Air purifier Have an action plan
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AD/HD Neurological basis; cause appears to
be genetic Under IDEA – symptoms before age 7
and for at least 6 months, 2 settings, and adversely affect educational performance
3 defining characteristics: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
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continued Physician diagnosis Failure in brain circuitry underlying
inhibition and self-control Difficulty inhibiting impulses Right hemisphere differences in
glucose levels Frontal areas, limbic system, posterior
areas
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AD/HD
On the rise Boys to girls – 9% - 3% Pre-natal
Drugs, alcohol, poor nutrition, smoking Mother’s exposure to chemicals
Peri & Post-natal Brain injuries, infections, chemical
poisons
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3 Types of AD/HD Predominantly
inattention type Predominantly
hyperactive-impulsive type
Combined type
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Predominantly Inattention Type
Difficulty paying attention, forgetful, easily distracted
Internally focused Often overlooked by teachers Appear sluggish, daydreamers,
underachievers Difficulty with selective attention Mostly girls
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Predominantly Impulsive Type
Difficulty sitting still and playing quietly
Can become workaholics Blurt, frank, impulsive, interrupt
conversations
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Combined Type
Some features of previous 2 85% Difficulty with interference control
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Sickle Cell Disease Most common
inherited blood condition in US (80,000 Americans)
Inherited; more in African American population
Symptoms 1st year (swelling of hands and feet, body pain, nose bleeds, fatigue, infections of body organs)
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continued Not all red blood cells (which carry
oxygen) are normal Long sickle-shaped stiff cells clog
blood vessels This prevents organs/tissues from
receiving adequate oxygen Fluids needed Watch stress level Moderate (not strenuous) exercise
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV gradually
infects and destroys immune cells, primarily T4 cells Body is unable
to fight infections
Results in opportunistic diseases
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continued Stages
Latency (asymptomatic) Middle (symptomatic) Final (AIDS – acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome) T4 cell count less than 200 More than one opportunistic
infection
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continued More than 1 million people in the US
had HIV in 1993 Spread through blood, semen, breast
milk, vaginal fluid Fewer children born with HIV Families do NOT need to disclose if
child has HIV Use universal precautions always with
all students
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Cancer Unrestrained growth of cells 2002 – 9,100 children under 15 (one
third has Leukemia) Primary cause of death at this age Mortality rates declining
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continued Chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, or
combination Side effects – nausea, baldness,
lowered white cell count Some develop “short term” learning
disabilities Leukemia and brain tumors most
common
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Juvenile Diabetes Pancreas stops producing or produces
too little insulin so glucose (sugar) builds up in the blood
Begins before age 35 In the classroom
Student must monitor blood sugar and follow a well-balanced, carefully controlled diet
Keep emergency kit for student
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continued Hyperglycemia and
ketoacidosis Blood sugar level
too high May experience
hunger, fatigue, excessive urination, thirst, blurred vision
Need to administer insulin or diabetic coma can occur
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continued
Hypoglycemia Not enough sugar in blood May be dizzy, sweaty, shaky, or nervous,
and have a headache or blurred vision
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Classroom Strategies For the student who is frequently absent For the student who re-enters school Educating yourself, students, and staff Health plan/Emergency plan Communication with parents, child, and
nurse Watch energy levels Others