oslo green city forum 2013: einar braathens presentasjon
DESCRIPTION
Einar Braathen er seniorforsker ved Norsk institutt for by- og regionforskning (NIBR). Her er presentasjonen hans fra konferansen Grønn byvekst 7. juni 2013.TRANSCRIPT
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Hva kan Oslo‐OL lære av Rio de Janeiro,
OL‐arrangør i 2016?
Einar Braathen, Norsk institutt for by– og regionforskning (NIBR)
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Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013
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1. OL-søknadene Lillehammer og Oslo: Hva har forandret seg fra 1981 til i dag?
2. Paradigmeskiftene 1992-1994 (Barcelona-Lillehammer). Hvordan har OL’ene etterpå blitt?
3. OL-forberedelsene i Rio: de viktigste brennpunktene og debattene (akademiske, offentlige)
4. Hvilke tilsvarende utfordringer vil Oslo stå overfor?
Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013
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1.OL-søknadene Lillehammer og Oslo: Hva har forandret seg fra 1981 til i dag?
• Verden: ny-liberalisert.
• OL: mega-lisert.
• IOC: Profesjonalisert.
Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013
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IOC: profesjonalisert
Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013
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It’s business time (Gilmar Mascarenhas)
• 1980 – Juan Samaranch is elected President of the IOC
• 1981 – Amateurism is revoked • 1986 - The impediment of commercially
exploiting the Olympic emblems is abolished: the flag, the symbol, the motto, the anthem etc.. are considered to be "properties" of the Olympic Movement.
• The powerful alliance media-sport-business. • New international corporation.
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Impact on the Games’ organization
• A new "Olympic urbanism," which distances itself from the welfare state (social housing and community sport practices)
• Seoul 1988: the large urban project affected 15% of the population, who had to find new places to live - 48 000 buildings were destroyed (Rolnik, 2011).
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2.Paradigmeskiftene 1992-1994:
Hvordan har OL’ene etterpå blitt?
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Olympic Village– Barcelona Renovation of the Harbor Area
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Beijing 2008 : the spectacle
Interventions cover the different areas of the city, mainly north, west and east. Associated to the Games, a great plan to expand the subway network is
developed. On the other hand, it focused on monumentality rather than the real sports legacy.
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Beijing 2008
Powerful landmarks, the Bird’s Nest and the Water Cub are very expensive.
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Beijing 2008: U$ 40 billion on the“Olympic Make-Up”
• China has 16 of the 20 most polluted cities in the world,
Beijing being one of the worst (World Bank).
• Temporary closure of factories, prohibition on movements of trucks, as well as the suspension of construction works around the city
• Intense political repression during the Games
• Forced displacement: 3 million people were relocated and had no rights
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Ongoing trends: 1992 to 2016 • High investment in urban patriotism and stifling dissent; • Construction of monumental architectural icons of
expensive maintenance and low social returns; • Creation of temporary decision-making bodies which are
above the bureaucratic-institutional apparatus and regulatory frameworks
• Little or none civil society participation in the design and management of the mega event;
• Removals and great appreciation of urban land • Investments concentrated in areas of greater private
interest • Rise of the spectacular metropolis
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3.Forberedelsene i Rio: de viktigste
brennpunktene og debattene
Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013
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Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)
Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013
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Maracaná
Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013
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Konsekvensene for Rio som storby
• Enorm økning i tomte- og husleiepriser • Gentrifisering • Segregering • Polarisering
Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013
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Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013
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“State of Exception” (Agamben)
↓ “City of Exception”
(Vainer).
Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013
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’O Direito à Cidade’ = Føderal by-lov av
2001.
• Retten til anstendig bolig, • Retten til utdanning og arbeid, • Retten til offentlig transport, • Retten til ’offentlige og grønne rom’. • Retten til deltakelse i beslutningsprosesser
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Vila Autódromo
Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013
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4.Hvilke tilsvarende utfordringer vil Oslo
stå overfor?
Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013
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Security
Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013
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Sivilsamfunn
Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013
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Vision-making
Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013
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Demokratisk plan- og beslutningsprosess
Grønn Byvekst, Oslo 7.juni 2013