origins of wwi
DESCRIPTION
1. Germany 2. Balkans 3. Arms Race 4. Alliance system. Origins of WWI. “Shot heard ‘round the world.” 28 June 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. Sarajevo , Bosnia Gavrilo Princip ; Black Hand. Germany. Empire (1871) Industrial growth Leadership Bismarck Wilhelm II. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Origins of WWI
1. Germany2. Balkans3. Arms Race4. Alliance system
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“Shot heard ‘round the world.” 28 June 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. Sarajevo, Bosnia
Gavrilo Princip; Black Hand
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Germany
Empire (1871) Industrial growth Leadership
Bismarck Wilhelm II
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Steel Productions of European Powers, 1870-1914 (in million tons)
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
*Germany 0.3 0.7 2.3 6.7 13.8 14.0
Austria-Hungary -- -- 0.5 1.2 2.2 2.7
France 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.6 3.4 3.5
*Great Britain 0.7 1.3 3.6 5.0 5.9 6.5
Russia -- -- 0.4 1.5 3.5 4.1
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Bismarck (1815-98)
Chancellor )1871-90(
German foreign policy
Balance of power in Europe
1879 Dual Alliance
1881 Three Emperors’ League
1882 Triple Alliance
Isolate France
Otto von Bismarck
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“France will have but one thought: to reconstitute her forces, gather her energy…raise her young generation to form an army of the whole people…to become again a great France, the France of 1792, the France of an idea with a sword. Then one day she will be irresistible. Then she will take back Alsace-Lorraine.”
French writer Victor Hugo )1802-85(
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Bismarck (1815-98)
Chancellor )1871-90(
German foreign policy
Balance of power in Europe
1879 Dual Alliance
1881 Three Emperors’ League
1882 Triple Alliance
Isolate France
Otto von Bismarck
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Kaiser Wilhelm II )1888-1918(
Destabilizing factor
Belligerent foreign policy
Forced Bismarck to resign )1890(
Weltpolitik: “world policy”
Allowed alliance with Russia to lapse )1890(
Focused support on Austria-Hungary
War between Aus-Hung & Russ more likely?
Wilhelm in 1897: “Nothing must henceforth be settled in the world without the intervention of Germany and the German Emperor.”
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“The Emperor is like a balloon; if one did not hold him fast on a string, he would go no one knows whither” - Bismarck
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Balkans
Ottoman Empire (1299-1922)Pan-SlavismSerbia (1878)Austria-HungaryRussia
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Austro-Hungarian Empire 1867-1918
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Balkans
Ottoman Empire (1299-1922)Pan-SlavismSerbia (1878)Austria-HungaryRussia
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Arms Race )militarism(
Germany
Britain
Dreadnought )1906(
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Alliances
1879 Dual Alliance
1882 Triple Alliance
1894 Franco-Russian alliance• ended French isolation
1904 Entente Cordiale
1907 Triple Entente
Bismarck's nightmare
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Europe c. 1907
Europe: two allied camps
Balkans: unstable area – forces of nationalism
Austria-Hungary & Russia: struggle for influence in Balkans
Germany & Austria-Hungary: strong relationship