Origins of the Cold War U.S.-Soviet Relations to

1945 Allies in World War II Postwar Cooperation – the

U.N Satellite States in Eastern

Europe Occupation Zones in

Germany Iron Curtain

•Uneasy peace between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

•Competition for world dominance and global power. •Fought on political and economic fronts rather than on

military battlefields---------Even though the threat of war was always present.

•Defined America’s foreign policy from 1946 to 1989. •It affected domestic politics and how Americans viewed the

world and themselves. •Constant state of military preparedness and arms race

Propaganda war----Democracy vs CommunismUS policy: Support nations threatened by Communism

coldwar

NATO

CommunisticWarsaw Pact

CommunisticWarsaw Pact

The The Bi-Polarization Bi-Polarization of of Europe: Europe: The Beginning of The Beginning of

the Cold Warthe Cold War

map/cold war

Soviet Union/China and Allies……..

Democracy vs. CommunismBi-Polarization of the World

US, Allied Nations and Allied colonies.

1950’s

The Cold War: Roots of the Conflict

Soviet Expansion:

· The Soviet Union occupied most of Eastern Europe by the end of World War II.

Satellite State When a nation is under the control of

another.

Ex. Part of Germany was under the control of the Soviet Union.

Other examples: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria

The “Iron Curtain”The “Iron Curtain”

From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Adriatic, an iron curtain iron curtain has descended across the has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.of Central and Eastern Europe. -- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

Truman Doctrine [1947]Truman Doctrine [1947]1.1. Civil War in Greece.Civil War in Greece.

2.2. Turkey under pressure from the USSR Turkey under pressure from the USSR for concessions in the Dardanelles.for concessions in the Dardanelles.

3.3. The U. S. should support free peoples The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures…We minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.their own destinies in their own way.

4.4. The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid.million in aid.

Marshall Plan [1948]Marshall Plan [1948]1.1. ““European Recovery European Recovery

Program.”Program.”2.2. Secretary of State, Secretary of State,

George MarshallGeorge Marshall3.3. The U. S. should provide The U. S. should provide

aid to aid to allall European nations European nations that need it. This move that need it. This move is not against any country or is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.poverty, desperation, and chaos.

4.4. $12.5 billion of US aid to Western $12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected].& USSR, [but this was rejected].

* The U.S. gave over $12 billion in aid to European countries between 1948 and 1952, helping to improve their economies and lessen the chance of communist revolutions.

map/cold war

Soviet Union/China and Allies……..

Containment: Stop the expansion of Communism in Asia and Europe

US, Allied Nations and Allied colonies.

1950’s

China1949

Soviet Union1918

Korean War1950 to 1953

Eastern Europe

1946

CONTAINMENTMarshall PlanBerlin Airlift

NATOKorean War

Berlin Blockade 1947-

8

Focus on Berlin

After World War II, Germany was divided into four zones, occupied by French, British, American, and Soviet troops.

Occupation zones after 1945. Berlin is the multinational area within the Soviet zone.

· In June of 1948, the French, British and American zones were joined into the nation of West Germany after the Soviets refused to end their occupation of Germany.

Soviet blockade:

West Germany

East Germany

West Berlin

East Berlin

· In response, the Soviets cut off West Berlin from the rest of the world with a blockade.

Eventual site of the Berlin Wall

· President Truman decided to avoid the blockade by flying in food and other supplies to the needy people of West Berlin.

Berlin Airlift

· At times, over 5,000 tons of supplies arrived daily.

Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49)49)

NNorth orth AAtlantic tlantic TTreaty reaty OOrganization (1949)rganization (1949)

United StatesUnited States BelgiumBelgium BritainBritain CanadaCanada DenmarkDenmark FranceFrance IcelandIceland ItalyItaly

LuxemburgLuxemburg NetherlandsNetherlands NorwayNorway PortugalPortugal 1952: Greece & 1952: Greece &

Turkey Turkey 1955: West 1955: West

GermanyGermany 1983: Spain1983: Spain

Military alliance to counter Soviet expansion.

NATO

Warsaw Pact (1955)Warsaw Pact (1955)

} U. S. S. R.U. S. S. R.} AlbaniaAlbania} BulgariaBulgaria} CzechoslovakCzechoslovak

iaia

} East East GermanyGermany

} HungaryHungary} PolandPoland} RumaniaRumania

Soviet Union and satellite states rival alliance to NATO

NATO

•Mao Tse Tung, defeats Chang Kai Shek in the Chinese Civil War…..

•China became a communistic country. •Chang Kai Shak is exiled to Taiwan.

•Mao Tse Tung becomes the Communistic leader of China.

•US believed there was a communistic plot to rule the world

Mao Tse Tung

Chang Kai Shek

•1950 to 1953, North Korea invades South Korea.•North Korea was a

communist nation and South Korea was a

democracy.•First war of “containment”“containment” policy to stop communism

•““Police Action”Police Action” not a declared war

•President Truman leads United Nations.

•General Douglas MacArthur commands US

and UN troops.•Called “forgotten war”.

Truman vs. MacArthurTruman vs. MacArthur •Truman fires General

MacArthur when he advises Truman he would use

nuclear weapons against the Chinese.

•Stalemate by 1953.•Pres. Eisenhower negotiated an end to war

•Divided at 38th parallel•Communism contained•Remains divided today