Origins of Modern GeneticsOrigins of Modern Genetics► Jean Baptiste Lamarck (French, early Jean Baptiste Lamarck (French, early

1919thth c.): “The Inheritance of Acquired c.): “The Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics” Characteristics”

►Charles Darwin (English, 1859): Species Charles Darwin (English, 1859): Species can change through the process of can change through the process of natural selection natural selection

►Gregor Mendel (Austrian, 1865): Gregor Mendel (Austrian, 1865): Founder of modern genetics; Founder of modern genetics; Experimental discovery of inheritance of Experimental discovery of inheritance of traits from one generation to the next; traits from one generation to the next; genes as material foundation of genes as material foundation of heredityheredity

Jean B. Lamarck (1744-1829)Jean B. Lamarck (1744-1829)

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)

Modern GeneticsModern Genetics

►Thomas Morgan (1866-1945): Located Thomas Morgan (1866-1945): Located genes at chromosomes and developed genes at chromosomes and developed modern genetics through experiments modern genetics through experiments on on DrosophilaDrosophila—fruit flies—fruit flies

►Oswald Avery (1877-1955) and Oswald Avery (1877-1955) and colleagues: Discovered in 1944 that colleagues: Discovered in 1944 that DNA was the molecule that contained DNA was the molecule that contained genetic informationgenetic information

Thomas Morgan (1866-1945)Thomas Morgan (1866-1945)

Oswald Avery (1877-1955)Oswald Avery (1877-1955)

Watson and CrickWatson and Crick

► James Watson (1928-) and Francis Crick James Watson (1928-) and Francis Crick (1916-2004): “Cracked” the molecular (1916-2004): “Cracked” the molecular structure of DNA and explained how the structure of DNA and explained how the genetic codes were transferred from one genetic codes were transferred from one generation to another.generation to another.

►Maurice Wilkins (1916-2004) and Maurice Wilkins (1916-2004) and Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958): made the Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958): made the crucial contributions to Watson and Crick crucial contributions to Watson and Crick with their crystallography of DNAwith their crystallography of DNA

James WatsonJames Watson

Francis CrickFrancis Crick

Rosalind FranklinRosalind Franklin

Maurice WilkinsMaurice Wilkins

Issues to ConsiderIssues to Consider

►Modern science as interdisciplinaryModern science as interdisciplinary►Biology and physicsBiology and physics► Importance of being at a center of Importance of being at a center of

scientific communicationscientific communication►Styles of scientific researchStyles of scientific research►Gender and scienceGender and science