organization of the human body sap1 students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to...
DESCRIPTION
Anatomy—Levels of Study Gross anatomy – Large structures – Easily observableTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Organization of the Human Body
SAP1 – Students will analyze anatomical structures in
relationship to their physiological functions
![Page 2: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Human Body—An Orientation
• Anatomy - study of the structure, shape & parts
• Physiology - study of how function
![Page 3: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Anatomy—Levels of Study• Gross anatomy–Large structures–Easily observable
![Page 4: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Anatomy—Levels of Study• Microscopic Anatomy–Very small structures–Microscope
![Page 5: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Maintaining Homeostasis• Homeostasis—maintenance of a
stable internal environment • Homeostasis is necessary for
normal body functioning and to sustain life
• Homeostatic imbalance - a disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease
![Page 6: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Maintaining Homeostasis• The body communicates through
neural and hormonal control systems–Receptor•Responds to changes in the environment (stimuli)•Sends information to control center
![Page 7: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Maintaining Homeostasis• The body communicates through
neural and hormonal control systems–Control center•Determines set point•Analyzes information•Determines appropriate response
–Effector – provides a means for response to the stimulus
![Page 8: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Changedetectedby receptor
Stimulus:Produceschangein variable
Input:Informationsent alongafferentpathway to
Receptor (sensor) Effector
Variable(in homeostasis)
Response ofeffector feedsback toinfluencemagnitude ofstimulus andreturns variableto homeostasis
Controlcenter
Imbalance
Imbalance
Output:Information sentalong efferentpathway to activate
![Page 9: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Feedback Mechanisms• Negative feedback–Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms–Shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity–Works like a household thermostat
![Page 10: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Feedback Mechanisms• Positive feedback–Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther–In the body this only occurs in blood clotting and during the birth of a baby
![Page 11: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Body Planes and Sections• Sagittal section divides left & right parts• Median, or midsagittal, section divides
equal left & right parts• Frontal section divides anterior &
posterior parts • Transverse, or cross, section divides
superior & inferior parts
![Page 12: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Body Planes and Sections
![Page 13: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Body Cavities• Dorsal body cavity–Cranial cavity (brain)–Spinal cavity (spinal cord)
• Ventral body cavity–Thoracic cavity (heart, lungs)–Abdominopelvic cavity (digestive & most urinary system)
![Page 14: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cranial Cavity
Dors
al B
ody
Cavi
ty
Spinal Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Diaphragm
Abdominal Cavity
Pelvic Cavity
![Page 15: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Language of Anatomy• Anatomical Position– Facing forward– Arms by side; palms up– Feet side by side; facing forward
![Page 16: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Directional Terms• Superior – toward the head• Inferior – away from the head• Anterior – toward the front• Posterior – toward the backside• Medial – toward the midline• Lateral – away from the midline
![Page 17: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Directional Terms• Proximal – close to the point of
attachment• Distal – farther from point of
attachment• Superficial – toward the surface• Deep – away from the surface
![Page 18: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Organ System Overview• Integumentary–Forms the external body
covering–Protects deeper tissue from
injury–Helps regulate body
temperature–Location of cutaneous nerve
receptors
![Page 19: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Organ System Overview• Skeletal–Protects and supports
body organs–Provides muscle
attachment for movement–Site of blood cell
formation–Stores minerals
![Page 20: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Organ System Overview• Muscular–Produces movement–Maintains posture–Produces heat
![Page 21: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Organ System Overview• Nervous–Fast-acting control system–Responds to internal & external change–Activates muscles and glands
![Page 22: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Organ System Overview• Endocrine–Secretes regulatory hormones•Growth•Reproduction•Metabolism
![Page 23: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Organ System Overview• Cardiovascular–Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart•Oxygen•Carbon dioxide•Nutrients•Wastes
![Page 24: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Organ System Overview• Lymphatic–Returns fluids to blood vessels–Cleanses the blood–Involved in immunity
![Page 25: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Organ System Overview• Respiratory–Keeps blood supplied with oxygen–Removes CO2
![Page 26: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Organ System Overview• Digestive–Breaks down food–Allows for nutrient absorption into blood–Eliminates indigestible material
![Page 27: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Organ System Overview• Urinary–Eliminates nitrogenous wastes–Maintains acid-base balance–Regulates water and electrolytes
![Page 28: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Organ System Overview• Reproductiv
e–Produces offspring
![Page 29: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Necessary Life Functions• Maintain boundaries• Movement–Locomotion–Movement of substances
• Responsiveness - ability to sense changes and react
• Digestion - break-down and absorption of nutrients
![Page 30: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Necessary Life Functions• Metabolism—chemical reactions within
the body–Produces energy–Makes body structures
• Excretion - eliminates waste from metabolic reactions
• Reproduction - produces future generation
• Growth - increases cell size and number of cells
![Page 31: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Survival Needs• Nutrients–Chemicals for energy and cell building–Includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals
• Oxygen - required for chemical reactions
![Page 32: Organization of the Human Body SAP1 Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b927f8b9ab0599c1877/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Survival Needs• Water–60–80% of body weight–Provides for metabolic reaction
• Stable body temperature• Atmospheric pressure - must be
appropriate