organization of the elements families and periods of the periodic table
TRANSCRIPT
Organization of the elements
Families and periods of the Periodic Table
Periodic Table Family Photo Album
• How do we know who is in the same family?• They are usually in the
same group (vertical column) on the periodic table.• They have similar
properties and atomic structures
Families on the Periodic Table
• Columns are grouped into families.• Families may be one column, or
several columns put together.• Families have names rather than
the group numbers. (Just like your family has a common last name.)
•each column of elements on the periodic table
Important Features of the Periodic Table: Group (Family)
FROM TOP TO BOTTOM OR BOTTOM TO THE TOP
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
1
H1.008
1
H1.008
2
He4.003
2
He4.003
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
How many groups (families)
are on the Periodic Table Of Elements?
Group (Family) Properties• Eighteen groups on the periodic table (numbered from
left to right) • Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase as you
move from the top down in a group (family)• Atoms of elements in the same group have the same
number of electrons in the outer orbitals/levels of their atoms (known as valence electrons) • Exceptions:
• Transition elements (3-12) • Hydrogen (could be 1 or 17) • Helium (actually has 2 valence electrons)
• Elements in groups usually have similar physical and chemical properties
Examples of Group Elements with the same # of valence electrons
87
Fr(223)
55
Cs132.905
37
Rb85.468
19
K39.098
11
Na22.990
3
Li6.941
1
H1.008
+
++
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
-
-
-
+
-
+
-
+++
-
-
-
+++
+++
-
-
-
How many electrons do each of these atoms have in their outer
orbital/level?
What group (family) do these elements reside in?
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
1
H1.008
1
H1.008
2
He4.003
2
He4.003
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
Group (Family) NamesAlkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
Metals
Transition Metals
Boron Group
Carbon Group
Nitrogen Group
Oxygen GroupHalogens
Noble Gases
Important Features of the Periodic Table:Period (Row)
• each horizontal row of elements on the periodic table
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT OR RIGHT TO LEFT
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
1
H1.008
1
H1.008
2
He4.003
2
He4.003
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
How many
periods (rows)are on the
Periodic Table
Of Elements
?
Period (Row) Properties
• Seven periods on a periodic table (numbered from the top down)• Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase
as you move from the left to the right in a period• All atoms of the elements in the same period
have the same number of orbitals/levels• Example
• Period 1 = 1 orbital• Period 2 = 2 orbitals• Period 3 = 3 orbitals
• Etc…
Valence electrons-How many electrons are in the outermost shell?
SiGe
Examples of Period (Row) elements having the same number of orbitals/levels in their atoms
++++ --
-
-
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
- +
++
++++
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
-
-
-
-
-
-
+++
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
-
-
-
In what period (row) doyou think
these atoms reside?
In what period (row) doyou think
these atoms reside?
Identify the Element
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
118
Uuo117
Uus116Uuh(292)
115
Uup(288)
114
Uuq(289)
113
Uut(284)
112Uub(285)
111
Rg(272)
110
Ds(269)
109
Mt(268)
108
Hs(269)
107
Bh(264)
106
Sg(266)
105
Db(262)
104
Rf(261)
103
Lr(262)
88
Ra(226)
87
Fr(223)
86
Rn(222)
85
At(210)
84
Po(209)
83
Bi208.980
82
Pb207.2
81
Tl204.383
80
Hg200.59
79
Au196.967
78
Pt195.078
77
I r192.217
76
Os190.23
75
Re186.207
74
W183.84
73
Ta180.95
72
Hf178.49
71
Lu174.967
56
Ba137.327
55
Cs132.905
54
Xe131.29
53
I126.904
52
Te127.60
51
Sb121.760
50
Sn118.710
49
I n114.818
48
Cd112.4
47
Ag107.868
46
Pd106.42
45
Rh102.906
44
Ru101.07
43
Tc(98)
42
Mo95.94
41
Nb92.906
40
Zr91.224
39
Y88.906
38
Sr87.62
37
Rb85.468
36
Kr83.80
35
Br79.904
34
Se78.96
33
As74.922
32
Ge72.61
31
Ga69.723
30
Zn65.39
29
Cu63.546
28
Ni58.69
27
Co58.933
26
Fe55.845
25
Mn54.938
24
Cr51.996
23
V50.942
22
Ti47.87
21
Sc44.956
20
Ca40.078
19
K39.098
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
102
No(259)
101
Md(258)
100
Fm(257)
99
Es(252)
98
Cf(251)
97
Bk(247)
96
Cm(247)
95
Am(243)
94
Pu(244)
93
Np(237)
92
U238.029
91
Pa231.036
90
Th232.038
89
Ac(227)
70
Yb173.04
69
Tm168.934
68
Er167.26
67
Ho164.930
66
Dy162.50
65
Tb158.925
64
Gd157.25
63
Eu151.964
62
Sm150.36
61
Pm(145)
60
Nd144.24
59
Pr140.908
58
Ce140.116
57
La138.906
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
12
Mg24.305
11
Na22.990
4
Be9.012
3
Li6.941
1
H1.008
1
H1.008
2
He4.003
2
He4.003
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
18
Ar39.948
17
Cl35.453
16
S32.066
15
P30.974
14
Si28.086
13
Al26.982
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
10
Ne20.180
9
F18.998
8
O15.999
7
N14.007
6
C12.001
5
B10.811
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Lanthanides
Actinides
Period 2 – Group 14 Carbon - CPeriod 5 – Group 2 Strontium - SrGroup 17 – Period 6 Astatine - AtGroup 4 – Period 7 Rutherfordium - Rf
Using the Periodic Table• The boxes that make up the periodic table contain a significant
amount of information. To understand this information, it is necessary to refer to the periodic table’s key(s)
Atomic Number (Number of protons)
Element Symbol(Written with a capital letter or a capital followed by a lower case if two letters )
Atomic Mass(Rounded to a whole number, equals the number of protons and neutrons)
8
OOxygen
15.999
Class Color
Metal
Non-Metal
Metalloid
State (@ Room Temp.)
Symbol
Color
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Which class does Oxygen
fall into?
What is Oxygen’s physical state of matter?
Element Name
Families of the Periodic Table
Families of Elements- Color your table
• Hydrogen (all alone)• 1 Alkali Metals• 2 Alkaline Earth Metals• 3-12 Transition Metals• 13 The Boron Family• 14 The Carbon Group• 15 The Nitrogen Group• 16 The Oxygen Group• 17 The Halogens• 18 The Noble Gases• Lanthanide Series• Actinide Series