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ORGANISATIONS & BEHAVIOR 22072Y ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE AND CULTURE APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP Page 1

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Page 1: ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE AND CULTURE APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP

ORGANISATIONS & BEHAVIOR 22072Y

ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE AND CULTURE

APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT

AND LEADERSHIP

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ORGANISATIONS & BEHAVIOR 22072Y

Introduction

An organization is a collectivity with a relatively identifiable boundary, a normative

order (rules),

ranks of authority (hierarchy), communications system, and membership

coordinating systems

on a relatively continuous basis in an environment, and engages in activities that

are usually related to set of goals. Employees are important asset to the

organization. They serve as human capital to the organization. Organizations make

use of their employees’ skills, knowledge and abilities in carrying out and fulfilling

their objectives. Organizational Structure is a firm’s formal role configuration,

procedures, governance, and control mechanisms, and authority and decision-

making processes. The purpose of structure is divisions of work among members in

organization also coordination of their activities so that people in the organization

are directed towards the goal and objectives. Culture is the environment that

surrounds employees at work all of the time. The culture of the organization should

be developed to support continuous improvement, improve employees’ style of

performing their job and thus develop quality awareness. Organizational culture has

influenced employee work behavior as a result of the acceptable behaviors and

attitudes to various jobs in the organization. Organizational culture is a major

determinant of an employee’s efficiency and effectiveness in carrying out their jobs.

That is, organizational culture is one of the major key determinants of how

employees perform or behaves in their job.

With a researches team which carries out surveys and compiles statistics on a wide

range of employment issues. The objectives is to conduct an investigation into how

a sample of organization approaches the management of Ipoh Bakery and

Brabantia Pharmaceuticals

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TASK ONE : Critically examine these two organizations (Ipoh Bakery and

Brabantia Pharmaceuticals) by comparing and contrasting their different

structures and cultures.

Organizational Structure

Is the specification of the jobs within an organization and the ways they relate to

one another. As organizations grow, it becomes increasingly important for

managers to have a clear understanding of how responsibility and authority are

distributed across different people and jobs. The mechanism used to establish these

understandings is organizational structure.

Organizational Cultures

A system of shared meaning and belief held by organizational members that

determines, in large degree or how they act. Other else, organization culture refers

to the general culture within an organization or a company and it is also referred to

as corporate culture, organization Culture is about how the organization organizes

itself, its rules, procedures and beliefs make up the culture of the company.

Ipoh Bakery Organizational Structures

Simple Structures

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Ipoh Bakery used Simple Structure because the simple organizational structure is

most widely practiced in small businesses. Ipoh Bakery is a small business and

traditional company that engaged in the production of breads and cakes. Ipoh

Bakery coordination work can be effectively structured around a narrow set of

activities and decision makers, who are able to coordinate activities quickly and

effectively. The structure focuses around the owner, and the owner of Ipoh Bakery is Mr

Mahboob who is responsible to make decisions about business operations. Ipoh Bakery was

the business with the work of specialization. Job specialization is a growth and it has

advantages and disadvantages. Specialized jobs can be learned and filled more

easily and performed more efficiently than non-specialized job. However, jobs at

lower levels of the organization are especially susceptible to becoming too narrowly

defined and overspecialized which can cause employees to become bored and

careless, to derive less satisfaction from their jobs and to lose sight of their roles in

the organization. The simplicity of a simple organizational structure makes it

responsive to new challenges for Ipoh Bakery, and makes it easy to coordinate

activities within the company. However, this structure becomes inadequate when

the organization grows in size, and when the surrounding environment of the

company grows in complexity. In a simple organizational structure of Ipoh Bakery,

decisions often occur quickly because Mr Mahboob have knowledge about the entire

business. Mr Mahboob as manager can also choose what products to produce or the

business relationships that will best advance the company’s mission. Sometimes

Ipoh Bakery that operating under a simple organizational structure may find it difficult to run

operations if the owner plans to retire and gave to his son to take over the business. This is

because the impact of Mr Mahboob and he is the central figure of the company. Every workers

will listen to his direction and it will be difficult if Ipoh Bakery have a new Manager . Complex

operations may also find it difficult to get timely feedback on decisions with this structure.

Ipoh Bakery Organizational Cultures

Power Culture

Ipoh Bakery use power cultures because company control is the key element,

decisions are made by one or a small number of people. Ipoh Bakery only a small

business that approximately 10 workers. The decision made by Manager to give the

direction to workers. The workers in Ipoh Bakery will work as given similar and

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ORGANISATIONS & BEHAVIOR 22072Y

repetitive task daily as they told to do. Power cultures are usually found within small

organizations because it would be difficult to run a large organization where only a

small number of people were allowed to make decisions. In Ipoh Bakery power

culture, decisions can be made quickly as there is little consultation. However lack

of consultation could mean that company is not able to take advantage of the skills

and experience of its workforce, it could even lead to employees feeling unsatisfied.

Ultimately the success of a power culture company will depend on the strength of

the decisions made by its decision makers or owner. Besides that for Ipoh Bakery

using this culture can help the organization to become strong, dynamic and fast to

respond to external demand. This proved that Ipoh Bakery has strongly been

running for over three generations.

Brabantia Pharmaceuticals Organizational Structures

Divisional Structure

A divisional structure relies on product departmentalization. Brabantia

Pharmaceuticals is a company that produced a chemicals for wide range of

application such as plastics, pharmaceuticals, fibers and specialty chemicals. Each

division contains all necessary resources and functions within it to support that

product line. The manager of Brabantia Pharmaceuticals, Mr Buck was made up a

four directors who are in charge of particular product division such as plastic,

pharmaceuticals, fibers and specialty. These directors are each responsible for all

aspects of the research and development, production and marketing of their

particular products range. By using divisions, Brabantia Pharmaceuticals workers

will work well because they allow a team to focus upon a single product or service,

with a leadership structure that supports its major strategic objectives. Having its

own president or vice president makes it more likely the division will receive the

resources it needs from the company. Also, Brabantia Pharmaceuticals division's

focus allows activities control within the organization and coordinate the operations

between different departments by application of clear policies and procedures. This

is far preferable to saving its product or service dispersed among multiple

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ORGANISATIONS & BEHAVIOR 22072Y

departments through the organization. To be successful, divisions must be well

managed. As a top leader, Mr Buck need to understand what each division is doing

and provide leadership to the division chiefs on how to accommodate new strategic

directions or more effectively partner across divisions. In addition, the executives

should have a solid grasp of resource use. Having a shared pool of centrally-

managed resources like administrative support or office equipment can reduce

costs and organizational complexity.

Refer Appendix 1 to see example of Divisional Structure

Brabantia Pharmaceuticals Organizational Cultures

Task Culture

Brabantia Pharmaceutical using task culture which exist in an organization in the

form of network organization or project-oriented matrix organization. Matrix

organization is combination of two separates structures. This task culture is all

about getting the right people together and then letting them get on with the task

in hand. Each of them will separate into a level and be responsible to the task. This

type of culture is all about team work and because of this is lead by expert power,

the people with more knowledge and experience will tend to be the people who lead

this type of culture in an organisation and bring the teams together to work towards

the common goal. However, due to the team aspect ranks and such are normally

ignored in favour of reaching the common goal. And for Brabantia Pharmaceuticals

using this type of culture is easy to change within, they tend to be able to be

adaptable when it comes with keeping up with competitors and the market they are

in. The different market environment for the various types of Brabantia

Pharmaceuticals product can create different challenges the case with plastics

which has operated in highly dynamic and hostile environtment.

IPOH BAKERY BRABANTIA

PHARMACEUTICALS

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STRUCTURES Simple Structure :

- simple organizational

structure is most widely

practiced in small

businesses.

- coordination work can be

effectively structured

around a narrow set of

activities and decision

makers

- easy to coordinate

activities within the

company

- manager can also choose

what products to produce

or the business

relationships that will best

advance the company’s

mission.

Divisional Structure :

- A divisional structure relies

on product

departmentalization

- division contains all

necessary resources and

functions within it to

support that product line.

- workers will work well

because they allow a team

to focus upon a single

product or service, with a

leadership structure that

supports its major strategic

objectives

- allows activities control

within the organization and

coordinate the operations

between different

departments by application

of clear policies and

procedures.

Differences IPOH BAKERY BRABANTIA

PHARMACEUTICALS

CULTURES Power Culture :

- use power cultures because

company control is the key

element, decisions are

made by one or a small

number of people.

- The decision made by

Manager to give the

Task Culture :

- all about getting the right

people together and then

letting them get on with the

task in hand.

- Each of them will separate

into a level and be

responsible to the task.

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direction to workers.

- Power cultures are usually

found within small

organizations because it

would be difficult to run a

large organization where

only a small number of

people were allowed to

make decisions.

- using this culture can help

the organization to become

strong, dynamic and fast to

respond to external

demand

- This type of culture is all

about team work and

because of this is lead by

expert power.

- the people with more

knowledge and experience

will tend to be the people

who lead this type of

culture to work towards the

common goal.

TASK TWO : Analyse the relationship between an organization’s structure and

culture and the effects on business performance (Refers to Ipoh Bakery)

Logical fit between Simple Structure and Power Culture to Ipoh Bakery

There are logical for Ipoh Bakery with relation between simple structure and power

culture. Simple structure are related to Ipoh Bakery because the simple

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organizational structure is most widely practiced in small businesses and Ipoh

Bakery is a small business and traditional company. The simple structure is not

elaborate. This is because, it easy to handle for small business like Ipoh Bakery. The

simple structure is most widely practiced in small business in which the manager

and the owner are one and the same. This is related to Ipoh Bakery because the

Manager of Ipoh Bakery are the same person owner to the company. The strength

of the simple structure lies in its simplicity. It’s fast, flexible, and inexpensive to

maintain and accountability is clear. It is clearly show at Ipoh Bakery, that was a

simple business with few of workers handle the business has the work

specialization. The simple structure in Ipoh Bakery relies and revolves around the

owner-manager who makes all important decisions regarding goals, strategies and

the long-term direction of the company. The culture and company’s image become

an extension of the personality of the owner-manager. There is little delegation of

authority and participation by employees is limited to very simple decisions. This is

related to Ipoh Bakery when Mr Mahboob as a manager also the owner, has had the

lasting impact to the company. So for many years, all the important business

decisions were made by him and he is the central figure of the company. Relation of

power culture to Ipoh Bakery also logic as the company decision are made by

Manager to give the direction to workers. Power Culture is a business culture in

which few (and in some cases just one person) makes most all decisions in the

business. The few that make the decisions are strict, unsatisfied and decisions that

are made are done quickly with very little red tape generally. This is related to Ipoh

Bakery because their employees seem to doing their work as they are told and

going home. But sometimes they not find their current work unsatisfying. The

benefits of power culture that related to the business is when leverage the

knowledge, wisdom and talent of the leader. This shown in Ipoh Bakery when Mr

Mahboob as a leader has a strong character and had a lasting impact to the

company. But sometimes the disadvantages of power culture also are truly related

to Ipoh Bakery which workers do not question the leaders even when they seen to

be wrong. As example at Ipoh Bakery when the staff will be expected to be

adaptable but they can also expect the boss to make more notice of their ideas but

suddenly they cannot give the ideas or ask something that unsatisfied in their work

just because of the power culture.

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How far are the current structure and culture likely to assist business success and

efficiency in the future.

Organization need a structure or culture are so important because it gives a clear

picture of the reporting lines and helps you understand who you should report to.

Also, by having clear reporting lines it makes it easy for you to have more control

over the resources. Organization structure is more like the backbone of an

organization’s culture, it therefore can directly affect employee behaviour,

performance and motivation. Therefore, having a structure in an organization is

important rather than leaving it carelessly managed with no clear structure. This

giving more efficient to the business. The simple structure that currently uses in

Ipoh Bakery run the organizational by the personal control of an individual. It is

commonly the way in which very small businesses operate. There may be an owner

who undertakes most of the responsibilities of management, perhaps with a partner

or an assistant. However, there is little division of responsibility, and probably little

clear definition of who is responsible for what if there is more than one person

involved. This responsibilities will make the company strong and success. Otherwise

because one individual is responsible for mission, goals and strategy formulation,

there seems to be a strong sense of mission. The owner-manager who is motivated

by desire to succeed seems to know where the firm is going and controls the

destiny of the firm. Simple structure allows the company to be flexible and readily

adaptable since only one individual has to make all strategic decisions. While the

company remains small, simple structure enables the firm to avoid the intricacies of

extensive bureaucracies that are associated with elaborate structure. Simple

structure by its nature, is not elaborate, and has few support staffers; has loose

division of labor and minimal differentiation among its units. There are no positions

that are consciously designed to relate the organization to its external

environments. This did not seem to affect the effectiveness of the small business

that operated with the simple structure when the operating environment of the

small business was stable and simple or even when it was simple and dynamic.

For power culture, the organization try to rule their environment by exercising

absolutely power to dominate and control. As a result, some managers may

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experience the new managerial role of sharing power as losing power because their

authority used to come from hierarchical. This will success to the business in the

future.

TASK THREE : Analyse the relationship between an organization’s structure and

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culture and the effects on business performance (Refers to Branbantia

Pharmaceuticals)

Logical fit between Divisional Structure and Task Culture to Brabantia

Pharmaceuticals

There are logical relationship between the two different structure and culture to

Brabantia Pharmaceuticals because it was related to the organization. Divisional

structure are related to Brabantia Pharmaceuticals because the teams that was

made up in that company are organized in set of divisions, where each divisions

corresponds to end product or services provided by organization. Brabantia

Pharmaceuticals company has a structured which at the corporate level, each of

level has directors whom cover a key function of Research, Human Resources,

Finance and Marketing and they are responsible for the management of their

function across the whole business. The company also separate branch on the

structure. This separation on Brabantia Pharmaceuticals are particularly product

division like plastics, pharmaceuticals, fibers and specialty. This is why, divisional

structure are suitable to the company. A divisional structure is less hierarchical that

it is formed by decomposing the functional structure along the product lines.

Meanwhile, task culture are related to Brabantia Pharmaceuticals because in the

company is all about getting the right people together and then letting them get on

with the task in hand. That why in the company are separate the task to the right

people that have responsible to do the task. Workers or employees in Brabantia

Pharmaceuticals all about team work and because of this is lead by expert power,

the people with more knowledge and experience will tend to be the people who lead

this type of culture in an organisation and bring the teams together to work towards

the common goal. The expert power in the company is the directors in the different

level, and also a separate branch on the structure which also has directors in

charge. And employees under the directors in different level will do the task as the

directors has responsible to the level. However, due to the team aspect ranks and

such are normally ignored in favour of reaching the common goal. So the conclusion

is with this type of structure and culture, employees of Brabantia Pharmaceuticals

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will like to work in, due to the culture or structure being most relevant to

organizational behavior

How far are the current structure and culture likely to assist business success and

efficiency in the future.

Not all organizations automatically possess a strong and highly effective structure

and culture. But these two Divisional Structure and Task culture are a process for

initiating change which can be used in organizational development interventions.

The strength of divisional structure on the organization is one most important thing

to assist the business success and efficiency in the future. Divisions work well in

Brabantia Pharceuticals because they allow a team to focus upon a single product

or service, with a leadership structure that supports its major strategic objectives.

Also, a division's focus allows it to build a common culture and esprit de corps that

contributes both to higher morale and a better. This is one of the step to make

Brabantia Pharmaceuticals business will be success. There are some advantages of

divisional structure that can also give good impact to the Branbantia

Pharmaceuticals business. Branbatia Pharmaceuticals are the company is produced

of chemicals for wide range. These divisions reflect the diversity of the company,

which can protect it during downturns. Because they are divided, the other divisions

will protected from this blight and can carry the company through it. Division can

maintain product competition among themselves by sponsoring separate

advertising campaigns, fostering different corporate identities and so forth. They

can also share certain corporate-level resources. All of this division reflect can assist

business success.

For task culture it is one which entails that organizational members in Brabantia

Pharmaceuticals focus on realizing the set purpose and goals of the organization.

Because of the main objectives on this culture to bring the right people together as

a team, in order to achieve the organizational goals. For Brabantia Pharmaceuticals

get the most efficiency out of this type of culture the product must be very

important, so people feel the need to work on it, and pressures need to come from

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other places, such as customers. This one of opportunities to get business success.

When this happens, management are able to focus on controlling resources, which

allows high skilled subordinates to carry out work how and when they want. All-in-all

the culture is quite difficult to control, it needs to be the right market, have enough

resources for all, or the team structure breaks down and people compete too much

for them. This will ensure that the business will success in the future.

TASK FOUR : Analyse the factors which influence individual behavior at work.

The factors which influence workers behavior at work

Worker or employee behavior, also called organizational behavior, is a result of

factors that influence the ways employees respond to their work, leadership and

customers. In this situation I choose Ipoh Bakery to analyze the factors that

influence the company workers behavior at work. The major factors that influence

organization workers behavioural patterns are abilities and skills, perception, attitudes an

d personality.

Abilities and skills is the physical capacity of an individual to do something can be termed

as ability. Skill can be defined as the ability to act in a way that allows a person to perform

well. The individual behaviour and performance is highly influenced by ability and skills.

For Ipoh Bakery, their workers can perform well in the organisation if their abilities and s

kills are matched with the job requirement. The managing Director, Mr Mahboob plays vit

al role in matching the abilities and skills of the worker with the particular job requirement. Every Ipoh Bakery workers will be given similar and repetitive tasks daily.

Perception is the cognitive process meant for interpreting the environmental stimuli in a m

eaningful way is referred to as perception. For example of Ipoh Bakery, every

employees on the basis of their reference can organize and interpret environmental stimu

li. There are many factors that influence the perception of a workers. The study of percepti

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on plays important role for Mr Mahboob as a manager and also to his son Bambi that

was take over his business. It is important for them to create the favorable work environ

ment so that employees perceive them in most favorable way. The employees are likely to

perform better if they are going to perceive it in a positive way. Perceptions are

influenced significantly by needs and desires. In other words, the employee, the

manager see what they want to see. The needs and desires workers in Ipoh Bakery

play a vital role in perception. Employees at different levels of needs and desire

perceive the same thing differently. Power seekers are more likely to notice power

related stimuli. Socially oriented individuals pay attention to interpersonal stimuli.

That is to say expectancy, motives or interest also affect people perception.

According to psychologists, attitude can be defined as a tendency to respond favourably or

unfavourably to certain objects, persons or situations. The factors such as family, society, c

ulture, peers and organisational factors influence the formation of attitude. Ipoh Bakery is

a family business which has been running for over three generations. So, the Ipoh

Bakery employees seem to have a range of attitudes to work because the manager

Mr Mahboob was give the company to his son Bambi to take over the business. In

this situation the new manager Bambi in Ipoh Bakery need to study the variables related

to job as to create the work environment in a favorable way that employees are tempted to

form a positive attitude towards their respective jobs. The employees can perform better in

the organisation if they form a positive attitude. Mr Mahboob as Managing Director is a

strong character and for many years all the important business decision were made

by him so it has had a lasting impact. But his son thought that Mr Mahboob’s

approach to running the business is outdated. And seems the groups of workers

often seem to try and find informal ways of working which dodge the rules. So,

Bambi are often faced with the task of changing their employee's attitude in order

to get them to work harder and achieve higher job performance. This process

depends on three factors which is he should be the communicator to the employees

so they are more likely to change their attitude if they trust the manager, like the

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manager, and perceive the manager as having prestige. Then Bambi as a new

manager must give the messages that needs to be clear,

understanding, and convincing. Other than that he must have an ability to change

his workers attitudes depends partly on the situation in which the effort takes place.

Personality can be defined as the study of the characteristics and distinctive traits of an indi

vidual, the inter-relations between them and the way in which a person responds and adjus

ts to other people and situations. It implies to the fact that individuals differ in their manner

while responding to the organizational environment. Personality can be regarded as the m

ost complex aspect of human beings that influences their behaviour in big way. For Ipoh

Bakery workers they have different personality in their work. some of them just only

quite happy to just working and live, and other workers just doing the work as they

told to do but they unsatisfied with their current work. It can be concluded that the stu

dy of personality traits offers an opportunity to understand the workers. It helps them prop

erly in directing their effort and motivating them for the accomplishment of the organisatio

nal goal. It refers to the fact that different environmental factors may generate different res

ponses. The study of these responses is very important for the Ipoh Bakery. Every organisa

tion demands a particular type of behavior from their employees and such behaviors can b

e discovered through observation, learning and training.

So Ipoh Bakery should consider their employees level of self efficacy and give them

a learning program. This can encourage higher performance goals from employee

who have high level of

self- efficacy. Learning will involves change and may be good or bad from an

organizational point of view. Learning takes place when there is a change in actions.

For example Bambi feels that there is need a change in their organization. And he

think he can manage Ipoh Bakery that is a bit more flexible than his father, Mr

Mahboob. Bambi has a vision of a different organization which can be innovative,

creating change as well as responding change.

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TASK FIVE : Compare the different approaches to management and theories of

organization used by two organizations.

CLASSICAL APPROACH

Classical approach is a management thought based on the belief that employees

have only economical and physical needs and that the social needs and need for job

satisfaction either does not exist or are unimportant. It also based on purpose,

formal structure, hierarchy of management, technical requirements and common

principles of organization.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Classical Approach that are applied by Ipoh

Bakery

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One of the advantages of the classical approach is a clear organizational hierarchy with ma

nagement levels. For Ipoh Bakery workers they has the work specialization with their

own objectives and responsibilities.Every workers in Ipoh Bakery is working according

to seniority. Top management is usually the board of directors who are responsible for the

long-term goals of the organization.The managing Director of Ipoh Bakery is Mr

Mahboob. Mr Mahboob has a strong character in the organization and has had a

lasting impact to Ipoh Bakery. The middle management is Bambi which he was a

supervisor to the workers before he take over the business after his father Mr

Mahboob has retired. And the lower levels is the workers or employees based on

seniority in management.

Second advantages is the division of labor. Projects are broken down into smaller tasks th

at are easy to complete.For Ipoh Bakery workers, they were was given similar and

repetitive task daily. Ipoh Bakery workers are responsibilities and expectations are clea

rly defined. This approach allows workers to narrow their field of expertise and to specialize

in one area. The division of labor approach leads to increased productivity and higher effici

ency, as workers are not expected to multitask. For example, in Ipoh Bakery their

worker can be multitask because Ipoh Bakery only approximately have 10 workers .

As small-businesses owners, Mr Mahboob can have benefit from taking this approach if th

ey are looking to increase production with minimal expense.

The disadvantages of classical approach is how Mr Mahboob’s approach to running

the business is outdated. Workers of Ipoh Bakery try to find informal ways of

working which dodge the rules. The workers are working with similar and repetitive

tasks daily in the correct way and receiving wage increase according to the nature

of the work. They just do the work as they are told but sometimes they will

unsatisfied with their current work.

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Second disadvantages is worker can be expected to give up their ideas of soldiering

and cooperate with management. They just expect their boss will take more notice

of their ideas. So this can have a changes in the organization and implications for

both how work is organized and how managers carry out their role.

CONTINGENCY APPROACH

A conceptual framework to help organize the subject matter of management,

recognizes differences among organizations and categories variable that affect an

organization’s performance sometimes called situational approach. A contingent

worker is a person who works for an organization on something other than a

permanent or full time basis.

The benefits and drawbacks of Contingency Approach applied by Branbantia

Pharmaceuticals.

One of the benefits of contingency approach is the enables management to change em

ployee roles to meet the individual needs of a given project quickly. For Brabantia

Pharmaceuticals it has corporate level which each of the level cover a key function

also the responsibilities to give directly report to the Managing Director Mr Buck.

Each of them responsible of their function across the whole business. The nature of p

roject assignments also increases the chances a company will have the right people in plac

e to complete a job to the satisfaction of the client.

Next benefits is team works. Brabantia Pharmaceuticals are the organizations with

team works with lots project team and task force. This team work can make the

employees work closely together as a matter of routine to achieve its purpose. Any

workers activities in the organization are interrelated and interdependent to the

business that can handle all the transactions with other organizations and also

interact with its environment.

The drawbacks or disadvantages of contingency approach is employees or

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managers do not plan ahead to mitigate the risks of a given project and only develop strat

egies to solve problems as needed. This can result in a sudden lack of skilled to meet a give

n project challenge.

Next disadvantages is the different market environment in Brabantia

Pharmaceuticals can create different challenges and have heavily competitive with

very short product life cycles.

The similarities and differences of the two approaches to management that are

adopted by Ipoh Bakery and Brabantia Pharmaceuticals :

Classical Approach Contingency Approach

Differences Ipoh Bakery :

- Every workers in Ipoh

Bakery is working according

to seniority.

- All important business

decision were made by

Managing Director.

- Small business with

approximately with 10

workers and each workers

were was given similar and

repetitive task daily.

- Train and develop the

workers with the work

specialization

Brabantia Pharmaceuticals :

- Routines of task required

team works in operation to

handle tasks. Staffs work

closely together as a matter

of routine while across

department, staff from

individual specialist also get

together to handle company

wide issues

- Include with corporate level

which have four directors

which each of them have their

own function or

responsibilities

- The type of organization

structure appropriate for an

organization in many

employees or workers.

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Similarities - Each activities on the

organization was control by

the top manager.

- Ipoh Bakery workers they

has the work specialization

with their own objectives and

responsibilities

- The roles in management are

to control activities within the

organization and coordinate

the operations between

different departments by the

application of clear policies

and procedures

- Brabantia Pharmaceuticals

has separate branch in

culture, which each level has

the managers that conducted

the work activities. But the

similarities is still to target

their own objectives and

responsibilities.

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Conclusion

This analysis are to investigate how a sample organization approaches the

management of activities in the company. The analysis has extend into an

examination of organization structure and culture. Finding the organizational

structure that works best for a particular company is very important. Using the

wrong structure can result in poor communication, poor product development, poor

customer service, and a myriad of other business problems. Any of these things can

be detrimental to a company and could result in lost revenue or even complete

failure of the company. By using structure in each organizations, the economic and

efficient performance of the organization and the level of resources utilization. It

also can monitoring the activities of the organization. Organizational structure

flexibility in order to respond to future demands and development and to adapt to

changing environmental influences. Good organizational structure helps

communications, productivity, and innovation. It creates an environment where

people can work effectively. Many productivity and performance issues can be

traced back to poor organization design. A company can have a great mission, great

people, great leadership, etc. and still not perform well because of poor

organizational structure. Meanwhile culture in this study refers to power and task. It

is measured in terms of the attitudes, beliefs, norms and values which the people of

a nation have and hold on to in general. The point of focus in this study is on how

these concepts influence behaviour at work and how this in turn influence

organizational performance. Cultural analysis brings to centre stage a rich vein of

behaviours and stands on its head much of the conventional wisdom about

organizations. Organizational culture is apparently unifying and this strongly

appeals to management’s concern with projecting an image of the organization as a

community of interests. This analysis also include with organization approaches to

management which is classical approach and contingency approach. Classical

approach is a management thought based on the belief that employees have only

economical and physical needs and that the social needs and need for job

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satisfaction either does not exist or are unimportant. It also based on purpose,

formal structure, hierarchy of management, technical requirements and common

principles of organization. Furthermore, contingency approach is conceptual

framework to help organize the subject matter of management, recognizes

differences among organizations and categories variable that affect an

organization’s performance sometimes called situational approach. A contingent

worker is a person who works for an organization on something other than a

permanent or full time basis.

appendices

APPENDIX 1

MANAGER MANAGER MANAGER

TOP DIRECTOR / VICE PRESIDENT

PLASTICS PHARMACEUTICALS

FIBERS SPECIALTY

MANAGER

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The picture show divisional structure

References

Ronald J. Ebert, Ricky W G (2011) Business Essentials (Eight Edition)

New Jersey, Pearson.

Organizational Structure, Pearson Highered.

Resources from :

http://www.pearsonhighered.com/bookseller/course/Organizational-Culture/

91055240.page

Organizational Culture, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Resource from : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_culture

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ORGANISATIONS & BEHAVIOR 22072Y

The Simple Structure of an Organization, By Daniella Lauren, eHow Contributor

Resources from : http://www.ehow.com/facts_7215856_simple-structure-organization.ht

ml

The Classical Approach, HomeHearts (2012)

Resources from : http://homehearts.com/step-by-step-guide/step-4-develop-your-appro

ach/the-classical-approach/

The Five-Factor Model of Personality in the Workplace, Sean P. Neubert

Resources from : http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/neubert.html

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