organisational structure and culture approaches to management and leadership
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Organisation and BehaviorTRANSCRIPT
ORGANISATIONS & BEHAVIOR 22072Y
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE AND CULTURE
APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
AND LEADERSHIP
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ORGANISATIONS & BEHAVIOR 22072Y
Introduction
An organization is a collectivity with a relatively identifiable boundary, a normative
order (rules),
ranks of authority (hierarchy), communications system, and membership
coordinating systems
on a relatively continuous basis in an environment, and engages in activities that
are usually related to set of goals. Employees are important asset to the
organization. They serve as human capital to the organization. Organizations make
use of their employees’ skills, knowledge and abilities in carrying out and fulfilling
their objectives. Organizational Structure is a firm’s formal role configuration,
procedures, governance, and control mechanisms, and authority and decision-
making processes. The purpose of structure is divisions of work among members in
organization also coordination of their activities so that people in the organization
are directed towards the goal and objectives. Culture is the environment that
surrounds employees at work all of the time. The culture of the organization should
be developed to support continuous improvement, improve employees’ style of
performing their job and thus develop quality awareness. Organizational culture has
influenced employee work behavior as a result of the acceptable behaviors and
attitudes to various jobs in the organization. Organizational culture is a major
determinant of an employee’s efficiency and effectiveness in carrying out their jobs.
That is, organizational culture is one of the major key determinants of how
employees perform or behaves in their job.
With a researches team which carries out surveys and compiles statistics on a wide
range of employment issues. The objectives is to conduct an investigation into how
a sample of organization approaches the management of Ipoh Bakery and
Brabantia Pharmaceuticals
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ORGANISATIONS & BEHAVIOR 22072Y
TASK ONE : Critically examine these two organizations (Ipoh Bakery and
Brabantia Pharmaceuticals) by comparing and contrasting their different
structures and cultures.
Organizational Structure
Is the specification of the jobs within an organization and the ways they relate to
one another. As organizations grow, it becomes increasingly important for
managers to have a clear understanding of how responsibility and authority are
distributed across different people and jobs. The mechanism used to establish these
understandings is organizational structure.
Organizational Cultures
A system of shared meaning and belief held by organizational members that
determines, in large degree or how they act. Other else, organization culture refers
to the general culture within an organization or a company and it is also referred to
as corporate culture, organization Culture is about how the organization organizes
itself, its rules, procedures and beliefs make up the culture of the company.
Ipoh Bakery Organizational Structures
Simple Structures
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Ipoh Bakery used Simple Structure because the simple organizational structure is
most widely practiced in small businesses. Ipoh Bakery is a small business and
traditional company that engaged in the production of breads and cakes. Ipoh
Bakery coordination work can be effectively structured around a narrow set of
activities and decision makers, who are able to coordinate activities quickly and
effectively. The structure focuses around the owner, and the owner of Ipoh Bakery is Mr
Mahboob who is responsible to make decisions about business operations. Ipoh Bakery was
the business with the work of specialization. Job specialization is a growth and it has
advantages and disadvantages. Specialized jobs can be learned and filled more
easily and performed more efficiently than non-specialized job. However, jobs at
lower levels of the organization are especially susceptible to becoming too narrowly
defined and overspecialized which can cause employees to become bored and
careless, to derive less satisfaction from their jobs and to lose sight of their roles in
the organization. The simplicity of a simple organizational structure makes it
responsive to new challenges for Ipoh Bakery, and makes it easy to coordinate
activities within the company. However, this structure becomes inadequate when
the organization grows in size, and when the surrounding environment of the
company grows in complexity. In a simple organizational structure of Ipoh Bakery,
decisions often occur quickly because Mr Mahboob have knowledge about the entire
business. Mr Mahboob as manager can also choose what products to produce or the
business relationships that will best advance the company’s mission. Sometimes
Ipoh Bakery that operating under a simple organizational structure may find it difficult to run
operations if the owner plans to retire and gave to his son to take over the business. This is
because the impact of Mr Mahboob and he is the central figure of the company. Every workers
will listen to his direction and it will be difficult if Ipoh Bakery have a new Manager . Complex
operations may also find it difficult to get timely feedback on decisions with this structure.
Ipoh Bakery Organizational Cultures
Power Culture
Ipoh Bakery use power cultures because company control is the key element,
decisions are made by one or a small number of people. Ipoh Bakery only a small
business that approximately 10 workers. The decision made by Manager to give the
direction to workers. The workers in Ipoh Bakery will work as given similar and
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repetitive task daily as they told to do. Power cultures are usually found within small
organizations because it would be difficult to run a large organization where only a
small number of people were allowed to make decisions. In Ipoh Bakery power
culture, decisions can be made quickly as there is little consultation. However lack
of consultation could mean that company is not able to take advantage of the skills
and experience of its workforce, it could even lead to employees feeling unsatisfied.
Ultimately the success of a power culture company will depend on the strength of
the decisions made by its decision makers or owner. Besides that for Ipoh Bakery
using this culture can help the organization to become strong, dynamic and fast to
respond to external demand. This proved that Ipoh Bakery has strongly been
running for over three generations.
Brabantia Pharmaceuticals Organizational Structures
Divisional Structure
A divisional structure relies on product departmentalization. Brabantia
Pharmaceuticals is a company that produced a chemicals for wide range of
application such as plastics, pharmaceuticals, fibers and specialty chemicals. Each
division contains all necessary resources and functions within it to support that
product line. The manager of Brabantia Pharmaceuticals, Mr Buck was made up a
four directors who are in charge of particular product division such as plastic,
pharmaceuticals, fibers and specialty. These directors are each responsible for all
aspects of the research and development, production and marketing of their
particular products range. By using divisions, Brabantia Pharmaceuticals workers
will work well because they allow a team to focus upon a single product or service,
with a leadership structure that supports its major strategic objectives. Having its
own president or vice president makes it more likely the division will receive the
resources it needs from the company. Also, Brabantia Pharmaceuticals division's
focus allows activities control within the organization and coordinate the operations
between different departments by application of clear policies and procedures. This
is far preferable to saving its product or service dispersed among multiple
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departments through the organization. To be successful, divisions must be well
managed. As a top leader, Mr Buck need to understand what each division is doing
and provide leadership to the division chiefs on how to accommodate new strategic
directions or more effectively partner across divisions. In addition, the executives
should have a solid grasp of resource use. Having a shared pool of centrally-
managed resources like administrative support or office equipment can reduce
costs and organizational complexity.
Refer Appendix 1 to see example of Divisional Structure
Brabantia Pharmaceuticals Organizational Cultures
Task Culture
Brabantia Pharmaceutical using task culture which exist in an organization in the
form of network organization or project-oriented matrix organization. Matrix
organization is combination of two separates structures. This task culture is all
about getting the right people together and then letting them get on with the task
in hand. Each of them will separate into a level and be responsible to the task. This
type of culture is all about team work and because of this is lead by expert power,
the people with more knowledge and experience will tend to be the people who lead
this type of culture in an organisation and bring the teams together to work towards
the common goal. However, due to the team aspect ranks and such are normally
ignored in favour of reaching the common goal. And for Brabantia Pharmaceuticals
using this type of culture is easy to change within, they tend to be able to be
adaptable when it comes with keeping up with competitors and the market they are
in. The different market environment for the various types of Brabantia
Pharmaceuticals product can create different challenges the case with plastics
which has operated in highly dynamic and hostile environtment.
IPOH BAKERY BRABANTIA
PHARMACEUTICALS
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STRUCTURES Simple Structure :
- simple organizational
structure is most widely
practiced in small
businesses.
- coordination work can be
effectively structured
around a narrow set of
activities and decision
makers
- easy to coordinate
activities within the
company
- manager can also choose
what products to produce
or the business
relationships that will best
advance the company’s
mission.
Divisional Structure :
- A divisional structure relies
on product
departmentalization
- division contains all
necessary resources and
functions within it to
support that product line.
- workers will work well
because they allow a team
to focus upon a single
product or service, with a
leadership structure that
supports its major strategic
objectives
- allows activities control
within the organization and
coordinate the operations
between different
departments by application
of clear policies and
procedures.
Differences IPOH BAKERY BRABANTIA
PHARMACEUTICALS
CULTURES Power Culture :
- use power cultures because
company control is the key
element, decisions are
made by one or a small
number of people.
- The decision made by
Manager to give the
Task Culture :
- all about getting the right
people together and then
letting them get on with the
task in hand.
- Each of them will separate
into a level and be
responsible to the task.
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direction to workers.
- Power cultures are usually
found within small
organizations because it
would be difficult to run a
large organization where
only a small number of
people were allowed to
make decisions.
- using this culture can help
the organization to become
strong, dynamic and fast to
respond to external
demand
- This type of culture is all
about team work and
because of this is lead by
expert power.
- the people with more
knowledge and experience
will tend to be the people
who lead this type of
culture to work towards the
common goal.
TASK TWO : Analyse the relationship between an organization’s structure and
culture and the effects on business performance (Refers to Ipoh Bakery)
Logical fit between Simple Structure and Power Culture to Ipoh Bakery
There are logical for Ipoh Bakery with relation between simple structure and power
culture. Simple structure are related to Ipoh Bakery because the simple
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organizational structure is most widely practiced in small businesses and Ipoh
Bakery is a small business and traditional company. The simple structure is not
elaborate. This is because, it easy to handle for small business like Ipoh Bakery. The
simple structure is most widely practiced in small business in which the manager
and the owner are one and the same. This is related to Ipoh Bakery because the
Manager of Ipoh Bakery are the same person owner to the company. The strength
of the simple structure lies in its simplicity. It’s fast, flexible, and inexpensive to
maintain and accountability is clear. It is clearly show at Ipoh Bakery, that was a
simple business with few of workers handle the business has the work
specialization. The simple structure in Ipoh Bakery relies and revolves around the
owner-manager who makes all important decisions regarding goals, strategies and
the long-term direction of the company. The culture and company’s image become
an extension of the personality of the owner-manager. There is little delegation of
authority and participation by employees is limited to very simple decisions. This is
related to Ipoh Bakery when Mr Mahboob as a manager also the owner, has had the
lasting impact to the company. So for many years, all the important business
decisions were made by him and he is the central figure of the company. Relation of
power culture to Ipoh Bakery also logic as the company decision are made by
Manager to give the direction to workers. Power Culture is a business culture in
which few (and in some cases just one person) makes most all decisions in the
business. The few that make the decisions are strict, unsatisfied and decisions that
are made are done quickly with very little red tape generally. This is related to Ipoh
Bakery because their employees seem to doing their work as they are told and
going home. But sometimes they not find their current work unsatisfying. The
benefits of power culture that related to the business is when leverage the
knowledge, wisdom and talent of the leader. This shown in Ipoh Bakery when Mr
Mahboob as a leader has a strong character and had a lasting impact to the
company. But sometimes the disadvantages of power culture also are truly related
to Ipoh Bakery which workers do not question the leaders even when they seen to
be wrong. As example at Ipoh Bakery when the staff will be expected to be
adaptable but they can also expect the boss to make more notice of their ideas but
suddenly they cannot give the ideas or ask something that unsatisfied in their work
just because of the power culture.
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How far are the current structure and culture likely to assist business success and
efficiency in the future.
Organization need a structure or culture are so important because it gives a clear
picture of the reporting lines and helps you understand who you should report to.
Also, by having clear reporting lines it makes it easy for you to have more control
over the resources. Organization structure is more like the backbone of an
organization’s culture, it therefore can directly affect employee behaviour,
performance and motivation. Therefore, having a structure in an organization is
important rather than leaving it carelessly managed with no clear structure. This
giving more efficient to the business. The simple structure that currently uses in
Ipoh Bakery run the organizational by the personal control of an individual. It is
commonly the way in which very small businesses operate. There may be an owner
who undertakes most of the responsibilities of management, perhaps with a partner
or an assistant. However, there is little division of responsibility, and probably little
clear definition of who is responsible for what if there is more than one person
involved. This responsibilities will make the company strong and success. Otherwise
because one individual is responsible for mission, goals and strategy formulation,
there seems to be a strong sense of mission. The owner-manager who is motivated
by desire to succeed seems to know where the firm is going and controls the
destiny of the firm. Simple structure allows the company to be flexible and readily
adaptable since only one individual has to make all strategic decisions. While the
company remains small, simple structure enables the firm to avoid the intricacies of
extensive bureaucracies that are associated with elaborate structure. Simple
structure by its nature, is not elaborate, and has few support staffers; has loose
division of labor and minimal differentiation among its units. There are no positions
that are consciously designed to relate the organization to its external
environments. This did not seem to affect the effectiveness of the small business
that operated with the simple structure when the operating environment of the
small business was stable and simple or even when it was simple and dynamic.
For power culture, the organization try to rule their environment by exercising
absolutely power to dominate and control. As a result, some managers may
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experience the new managerial role of sharing power as losing power because their
authority used to come from hierarchical. This will success to the business in the
future.
TASK THREE : Analyse the relationship between an organization’s structure and
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culture and the effects on business performance (Refers to Branbantia
Pharmaceuticals)
Logical fit between Divisional Structure and Task Culture to Brabantia
Pharmaceuticals
There are logical relationship between the two different structure and culture to
Brabantia Pharmaceuticals because it was related to the organization. Divisional
structure are related to Brabantia Pharmaceuticals because the teams that was
made up in that company are organized in set of divisions, where each divisions
corresponds to end product or services provided by organization. Brabantia
Pharmaceuticals company has a structured which at the corporate level, each of
level has directors whom cover a key function of Research, Human Resources,
Finance and Marketing and they are responsible for the management of their
function across the whole business. The company also separate branch on the
structure. This separation on Brabantia Pharmaceuticals are particularly product
division like plastics, pharmaceuticals, fibers and specialty. This is why, divisional
structure are suitable to the company. A divisional structure is less hierarchical that
it is formed by decomposing the functional structure along the product lines.
Meanwhile, task culture are related to Brabantia Pharmaceuticals because in the
company is all about getting the right people together and then letting them get on
with the task in hand. That why in the company are separate the task to the right
people that have responsible to do the task. Workers or employees in Brabantia
Pharmaceuticals all about team work and because of this is lead by expert power,
the people with more knowledge and experience will tend to be the people who lead
this type of culture in an organisation and bring the teams together to work towards
the common goal. The expert power in the company is the directors in the different
level, and also a separate branch on the structure which also has directors in
charge. And employees under the directors in different level will do the task as the
directors has responsible to the level. However, due to the team aspect ranks and
such are normally ignored in favour of reaching the common goal. So the conclusion
is with this type of structure and culture, employees of Brabantia Pharmaceuticals
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will like to work in, due to the culture or structure being most relevant to
organizational behavior
How far are the current structure and culture likely to assist business success and
efficiency in the future.
Not all organizations automatically possess a strong and highly effective structure
and culture. But these two Divisional Structure and Task culture are a process for
initiating change which can be used in organizational development interventions.
The strength of divisional structure on the organization is one most important thing
to assist the business success and efficiency in the future. Divisions work well in
Brabantia Pharceuticals because they allow a team to focus upon a single product
or service, with a leadership structure that supports its major strategic objectives.
Also, a division's focus allows it to build a common culture and esprit de corps that
contributes both to higher morale and a better. This is one of the step to make
Brabantia Pharmaceuticals business will be success. There are some advantages of
divisional structure that can also give good impact to the Branbantia
Pharmaceuticals business. Branbatia Pharmaceuticals are the company is produced
of chemicals for wide range. These divisions reflect the diversity of the company,
which can protect it during downturns. Because they are divided, the other divisions
will protected from this blight and can carry the company through it. Division can
maintain product competition among themselves by sponsoring separate
advertising campaigns, fostering different corporate identities and so forth. They
can also share certain corporate-level resources. All of this division reflect can assist
business success.
For task culture it is one which entails that organizational members in Brabantia
Pharmaceuticals focus on realizing the set purpose and goals of the organization.
Because of the main objectives on this culture to bring the right people together as
a team, in order to achieve the organizational goals. For Brabantia Pharmaceuticals
get the most efficiency out of this type of culture the product must be very
important, so people feel the need to work on it, and pressures need to come from
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other places, such as customers. This one of opportunities to get business success.
When this happens, management are able to focus on controlling resources, which
allows high skilled subordinates to carry out work how and when they want. All-in-all
the culture is quite difficult to control, it needs to be the right market, have enough
resources for all, or the team structure breaks down and people compete too much
for them. This will ensure that the business will success in the future.
TASK FOUR : Analyse the factors which influence individual behavior at work.
The factors which influence workers behavior at work
Worker or employee behavior, also called organizational behavior, is a result of
factors that influence the ways employees respond to their work, leadership and
customers. In this situation I choose Ipoh Bakery to analyze the factors that
influence the company workers behavior at work. The major factors that influence
organization workers behavioural patterns are abilities and skills, perception, attitudes an
d personality.
Abilities and skills is the physical capacity of an individual to do something can be termed
as ability. Skill can be defined as the ability to act in a way that allows a person to perform
well. The individual behaviour and performance is highly influenced by ability and skills.
For Ipoh Bakery, their workers can perform well in the organisation if their abilities and s
kills are matched with the job requirement. The managing Director, Mr Mahboob plays vit
al role in matching the abilities and skills of the worker with the particular job requirement. Every Ipoh Bakery workers will be given similar and repetitive tasks daily.
Perception is the cognitive process meant for interpreting the environmental stimuli in a m
eaningful way is referred to as perception. For example of Ipoh Bakery, every
employees on the basis of their reference can organize and interpret environmental stimu
li. There are many factors that influence the perception of a workers. The study of percepti
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on plays important role for Mr Mahboob as a manager and also to his son Bambi that
was take over his business. It is important for them to create the favorable work environ
ment so that employees perceive them in most favorable way. The employees are likely to
perform better if they are going to perceive it in a positive way. Perceptions are
influenced significantly by needs and desires. In other words, the employee, the
manager see what they want to see. The needs and desires workers in Ipoh Bakery
play a vital role in perception. Employees at different levels of needs and desire
perceive the same thing differently. Power seekers are more likely to notice power
related stimuli. Socially oriented individuals pay attention to interpersonal stimuli.
That is to say expectancy, motives or interest also affect people perception.
According to psychologists, attitude can be defined as a tendency to respond favourably or
unfavourably to certain objects, persons or situations. The factors such as family, society, c
ulture, peers and organisational factors influence the formation of attitude. Ipoh Bakery is
a family business which has been running for over three generations. So, the Ipoh
Bakery employees seem to have a range of attitudes to work because the manager
Mr Mahboob was give the company to his son Bambi to take over the business. In
this situation the new manager Bambi in Ipoh Bakery need to study the variables related
to job as to create the work environment in a favorable way that employees are tempted to
form a positive attitude towards their respective jobs. The employees can perform better in
the organisation if they form a positive attitude. Mr Mahboob as Managing Director is a
strong character and for many years all the important business decision were made
by him so it has had a lasting impact. But his son thought that Mr Mahboob’s
approach to running the business is outdated. And seems the groups of workers
often seem to try and find informal ways of working which dodge the rules. So,
Bambi are often faced with the task of changing their employee's attitude in order
to get them to work harder and achieve higher job performance. This process
depends on three factors which is he should be the communicator to the employees
so they are more likely to change their attitude if they trust the manager, like the
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manager, and perceive the manager as having prestige. Then Bambi as a new
manager must give the messages that needs to be clear,
understanding, and convincing. Other than that he must have an ability to change
his workers attitudes depends partly on the situation in which the effort takes place.
Personality can be defined as the study of the characteristics and distinctive traits of an indi
vidual, the inter-relations between them and the way in which a person responds and adjus
ts to other people and situations. It implies to the fact that individuals differ in their manner
while responding to the organizational environment. Personality can be regarded as the m
ost complex aspect of human beings that influences their behaviour in big way. For Ipoh
Bakery workers they have different personality in their work. some of them just only
quite happy to just working and live, and other workers just doing the work as they
told to do but they unsatisfied with their current work. It can be concluded that the stu
dy of personality traits offers an opportunity to understand the workers. It helps them prop
erly in directing their effort and motivating them for the accomplishment of the organisatio
nal goal. It refers to the fact that different environmental factors may generate different res
ponses. The study of these responses is very important for the Ipoh Bakery. Every organisa
tion demands a particular type of behavior from their employees and such behaviors can b
e discovered through observation, learning and training.
So Ipoh Bakery should consider their employees level of self efficacy and give them
a learning program. This can encourage higher performance goals from employee
who have high level of
self- efficacy. Learning will involves change and may be good or bad from an
organizational point of view. Learning takes place when there is a change in actions.
For example Bambi feels that there is need a change in their organization. And he
think he can manage Ipoh Bakery that is a bit more flexible than his father, Mr
Mahboob. Bambi has a vision of a different organization which can be innovative,
creating change as well as responding change.
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TASK FIVE : Compare the different approaches to management and theories of
organization used by two organizations.
CLASSICAL APPROACH
Classical approach is a management thought based on the belief that employees
have only economical and physical needs and that the social needs and need for job
satisfaction either does not exist or are unimportant. It also based on purpose,
formal structure, hierarchy of management, technical requirements and common
principles of organization.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Classical Approach that are applied by Ipoh
Bakery
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One of the advantages of the classical approach is a clear organizational hierarchy with ma
nagement levels. For Ipoh Bakery workers they has the work specialization with their
own objectives and responsibilities.Every workers in Ipoh Bakery is working according
to seniority. Top management is usually the board of directors who are responsible for the
long-term goals of the organization.The managing Director of Ipoh Bakery is Mr
Mahboob. Mr Mahboob has a strong character in the organization and has had a
lasting impact to Ipoh Bakery. The middle management is Bambi which he was a
supervisor to the workers before he take over the business after his father Mr
Mahboob has retired. And the lower levels is the workers or employees based on
seniority in management.
Second advantages is the division of labor. Projects are broken down into smaller tasks th
at are easy to complete.For Ipoh Bakery workers, they were was given similar and
repetitive task daily. Ipoh Bakery workers are responsibilities and expectations are clea
rly defined. This approach allows workers to narrow their field of expertise and to specialize
in one area. The division of labor approach leads to increased productivity and higher effici
ency, as workers are not expected to multitask. For example, in Ipoh Bakery their
worker can be multitask because Ipoh Bakery only approximately have 10 workers .
As small-businesses owners, Mr Mahboob can have benefit from taking this approach if th
ey are looking to increase production with minimal expense.
The disadvantages of classical approach is how Mr Mahboob’s approach to running
the business is outdated. Workers of Ipoh Bakery try to find informal ways of
working which dodge the rules. The workers are working with similar and repetitive
tasks daily in the correct way and receiving wage increase according to the nature
of the work. They just do the work as they are told but sometimes they will
unsatisfied with their current work.
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Second disadvantages is worker can be expected to give up their ideas of soldiering
and cooperate with management. They just expect their boss will take more notice
of their ideas. So this can have a changes in the organization and implications for
both how work is organized and how managers carry out their role.
CONTINGENCY APPROACH
A conceptual framework to help organize the subject matter of management,
recognizes differences among organizations and categories variable that affect an
organization’s performance sometimes called situational approach. A contingent
worker is a person who works for an organization on something other than a
permanent or full time basis.
The benefits and drawbacks of Contingency Approach applied by Branbantia
Pharmaceuticals.
One of the benefits of contingency approach is the enables management to change em
ployee roles to meet the individual needs of a given project quickly. For Brabantia
Pharmaceuticals it has corporate level which each of the level cover a key function
also the responsibilities to give directly report to the Managing Director Mr Buck.
Each of them responsible of their function across the whole business. The nature of p
roject assignments also increases the chances a company will have the right people in plac
e to complete a job to the satisfaction of the client.
Next benefits is team works. Brabantia Pharmaceuticals are the organizations with
team works with lots project team and task force. This team work can make the
employees work closely together as a matter of routine to achieve its purpose. Any
workers activities in the organization are interrelated and interdependent to the
business that can handle all the transactions with other organizations and also
interact with its environment.
The drawbacks or disadvantages of contingency approach is employees or
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managers do not plan ahead to mitigate the risks of a given project and only develop strat
egies to solve problems as needed. This can result in a sudden lack of skilled to meet a give
n project challenge.
Next disadvantages is the different market environment in Brabantia
Pharmaceuticals can create different challenges and have heavily competitive with
very short product life cycles.
The similarities and differences of the two approaches to management that are
adopted by Ipoh Bakery and Brabantia Pharmaceuticals :
Classical Approach Contingency Approach
Differences Ipoh Bakery :
- Every workers in Ipoh
Bakery is working according
to seniority.
- All important business
decision were made by
Managing Director.
- Small business with
approximately with 10
workers and each workers
were was given similar and
repetitive task daily.
- Train and develop the
workers with the work
specialization
Brabantia Pharmaceuticals :
- Routines of task required
team works in operation to
handle tasks. Staffs work
closely together as a matter
of routine while across
department, staff from
individual specialist also get
together to handle company
wide issues
- Include with corporate level
which have four directors
which each of them have their
own function or
responsibilities
- The type of organization
structure appropriate for an
organization in many
employees or workers.
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Similarities - Each activities on the
organization was control by
the top manager.
- Ipoh Bakery workers they
has the work specialization
with their own objectives and
responsibilities
- The roles in management are
to control activities within the
organization and coordinate
the operations between
different departments by the
application of clear policies
and procedures
- Brabantia Pharmaceuticals
has separate branch in
culture, which each level has
the managers that conducted
the work activities. But the
similarities is still to target
their own objectives and
responsibilities.
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Conclusion
This analysis are to investigate how a sample organization approaches the
management of activities in the company. The analysis has extend into an
examination of organization structure and culture. Finding the organizational
structure that works best for a particular company is very important. Using the
wrong structure can result in poor communication, poor product development, poor
customer service, and a myriad of other business problems. Any of these things can
be detrimental to a company and could result in lost revenue or even complete
failure of the company. By using structure in each organizations, the economic and
efficient performance of the organization and the level of resources utilization. It
also can monitoring the activities of the organization. Organizational structure
flexibility in order to respond to future demands and development and to adapt to
changing environmental influences. Good organizational structure helps
communications, productivity, and innovation. It creates an environment where
people can work effectively. Many productivity and performance issues can be
traced back to poor organization design. A company can have a great mission, great
people, great leadership, etc. and still not perform well because of poor
organizational structure. Meanwhile culture in this study refers to power and task. It
is measured in terms of the attitudes, beliefs, norms and values which the people of
a nation have and hold on to in general. The point of focus in this study is on how
these concepts influence behaviour at work and how this in turn influence
organizational performance. Cultural analysis brings to centre stage a rich vein of
behaviours and stands on its head much of the conventional wisdom about
organizations. Organizational culture is apparently unifying and this strongly
appeals to management’s concern with projecting an image of the organization as a
community of interests. This analysis also include with organization approaches to
management which is classical approach and contingency approach. Classical
approach is a management thought based on the belief that employees have only
economical and physical needs and that the social needs and need for job
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satisfaction either does not exist or are unimportant. It also based on purpose,
formal structure, hierarchy of management, technical requirements and common
principles of organization. Furthermore, contingency approach is conceptual
framework to help organize the subject matter of management, recognizes
differences among organizations and categories variable that affect an
organization’s performance sometimes called situational approach. A contingent
worker is a person who works for an organization on something other than a
permanent or full time basis.
appendices
APPENDIX 1
MANAGER MANAGER MANAGER
TOP DIRECTOR / VICE PRESIDENT
PLASTICS PHARMACEUTICALS
FIBERS SPECIALTY
MANAGER
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The picture show divisional structure
References
Ronald J. Ebert, Ricky W G (2011) Business Essentials (Eight Edition)
New Jersey, Pearson.
Organizational Structure, Pearson Highered.
Resources from :
http://www.pearsonhighered.com/bookseller/course/Organizational-Culture/
91055240.page
Organizational Culture, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Resource from : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_culture
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ORGANISATIONS & BEHAVIOR 22072Y
The Simple Structure of an Organization, By Daniella Lauren, eHow Contributor
Resources from : http://www.ehow.com/facts_7215856_simple-structure-organization.ht
ml
The Classical Approach, HomeHearts (2012)
Resources from : http://homehearts.com/step-by-step-guide/step-4-develop-your-appro
ach/the-classical-approach/
The Five-Factor Model of Personality in the Workplace, Sean P. Neubert
Resources from : http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/neubert.html
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