organic nomenclature worksheet #1
DESCRIPTION
Organic Nomenclature Worksheet #1. Hydrocarbons. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. H. H. H. H. H. pent. ane. 1. pentane. = 5 carbons. all single bonds (alkane). IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Hydrocarbon prefixes methC ethC-C propC-C-C - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Organic NomenclatureWorksheet #1
Hydrocarbons
IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Hydrocarbon prefixes
meth Ceth C-Cprop C-C-Cbut C-C-C-Cpent C-C-C-C-Chex C-C-C-C-C-Chept C-C-C-C-C-C-Coct C-C-C-C-C-C-C-Cnon C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-Cdec C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
1. pentane
C
H
H
H
pent
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
= 5 carbons
aneall single bonds (alkane)
1 2 3 4 5
Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon
IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Hydrocarbon prefixes
meth Ceth C-Cprop C-C-Cbut C-C-C-Cpent C-C-C-C-Chex C-C-C-C-C-Chept C-C-C-C-C-C-Coct C-C-C-C-C-C-C-Cnon C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-Cdec C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
2. hexane
C
H
H
H
hex
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
= 6 carbons
aneall single bonds (alkane)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon
IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Hydrocarbon prefixes
meth Ceth C-Cprop C-C-Cbut C-C-C-Cpent C-C-C-C-Chex C-C-C-C-C-Chept C-C-C-C-C-C-Coct C-C-C-C-C-C-C-Cnon C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-Cdec C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
3. heptane
C
H
H
H
hept
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
= 7 carbons
aneall single bonds (alkane)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon
IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Hydrocarbon prefixes
meth Ceth C-Cprop C-C-Cbut C-C-C-Cpent C-C-C-C-Chex C-C-C-C-C-Chept C-C-C-C-C-C-Coct C-C-C-C-C-C-C-Cnon C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-Cdec C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
4. octane
C C
H H
H
HH
oct
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
= 8 carbons
aneall single bonds (alkane)
1 2 3 4 5 6 87
Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon
2-pentene
C
H
H
H
pent
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
H
H
= 5 carbons
eneHas a double bond (alkene)
1 2 3 4 5
Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon
2-pentene
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
H
H
Trans (H’s are on opposite sides of double bond)Trans-
2 - hexene
C
H
H
H
hex
C
H
H
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
H
H
= 6 carbons
ene
Has a double bond (alkene)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon
2 - hexeneTrans-
2 - hexeneCis-
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
H
H C
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
H
CC
H
C
H
H
H
H
2-pentene
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
CC
H
C
H
H
H
Cis (H’s are on same side of double bond)Cis-
H
1 - heptene
C C
H H
H
HH
hept
C
H
H
H
C
H
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
H
= 7 carbons
ene
Has a double bond (alkene)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon
H
Could also be drawn with H on bottom.
4 - octene
C C
H H
H
HH
oct
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
= 8 carbons
ene
Has a double bond (alkene)
1 2 3 4 5 6 87
Only 4 covalent bonds (lines) per carbon
C C
H H
H
HH
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
4 - octene
C C
H H
H
HH
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
Trans-
C C
H H
H
HH
C
H
H
CC
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
H
4 - octeneCis-
1-pentyne
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
CC C
H
H
H
3-hexyne
C
H
H
H
CC C
H
H
H C
H
H
C
H
H
1-heptyne
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
CC C
H
H
H C
H
H
C
H
H
Hydrocarbon Prefixes:IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Hydrocarbon prefixes
meth Ceth C-Cprop C-C-Cbut C-C-C-CPent C-C-C-C-Chex C-C-C-C-C-Chept C-C-C-C-C-C-Coct C-C-C-C-C-C-C-Cnon C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-Cdec C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
Unsaturated hydrocarbons• Alkenes:
– Contains at least one carbon=carbon double bond.
– Name ends in _____ene
(Unsaturated hydrocarbon)
Propene
C C C
H H
H
HH
H
Prop- = 3
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
H
H1 2 3 4 5
Pent- = 52-pentene
Unsaturated hydrocarbons• Alkynes:
– Contains at least one triple bond.
– Name ends in _____yne
(Unsaturated hydrocarbon)
Ethyne(acetylene)
C C HH
eth = 2
1 2 3 4
But- = 42-butyne
HC
H
H
CCC
H
H
H
Branched-Chain Alkanes
3-methylbutane
Parent chain: Longest continuous carbon chain
Substituent: Branch off the parent chain substituted for H.
1 2 3 4
Alkyl groups: attached carbon chains- methyl, ethyl…
C
H
HH
HC
H
H
C
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H 1234
2-methylbutane
butane2-methylbutane
Branched-Chain Alkanes
Identifysubstituentgroups
Freon molecule: (CFC’s contribute to ozone depletion)
1 2
Halide: attached halogen family elements-
Cl
FC
F
C
Cl
F
Cl
Chlorine is called Chloro
ethane1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Fluorine = fluoro, -F
Chlorine = chloro, -Cl
Bromine = bromo, -Br
Iodine = Iodo, -I
Fluorine is called fluoro
Parent chain is last word.
Substituent groups are named alphabetically
IsomersIsomer: Same molecular formula.
C
H
HH
HC
H
H
C
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
2,2-dimethylpropane
Pentane
2-methylbutane
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
H
HH
HC
H
H
C
H
C
H
H
C H
H
H
C5H12
C5H12 C5H12
Different structural formula.
Cis and Trans Isomers• Cis Isomer:
Cis-3,4-dibromo-3-hexene
1 2 3 4 5 6C
H
H
H
C
H
H
C
Br
C
Br
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
C
Br
C
Br
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
C
Br
C
Br
C
H
H
C
H
H
HTrans-3,4-dibromo-3-hexene
1 2 3 4 5 6
• Trans Isomer: