Organic Molecules

“macromolecules, organic compounds”

Organic Molecule Foldable

Elements found in carbohydrates

Building blocks of carbohydrates

Uses for carbohydrates within organisms

Names of example carbohydrates

Elements found in Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates: CHO

• Carbon - C

• Hydrogen - H

• Oxygen - O

Building Blocks of Carbohydrates

• Monosaccharide

• Disaccharide

• Polysaccharide

Uses for Carbohydrates

• Provide energy to living organisms

Names of example carbohydrates

• Monosaccharide a. glucose, fructose, galactose

• Disaccharide a. sucrose

• Polysaccharide a. starch, cellulose, chitin, glycogen

Organic Molecule Foldable

Elements found in lipids Building blocks and structure of lipids

Uses for lipids within organisms

Names of example lipids

Elements found in Lipids

• Lipids - CHO

• Carbon - C

• Hydrogen - H

• Oxygen - O

Building Blocks and Structure of Lipids

• Fatty acids

• a. saturated

• b. unsaturated

Fatty acid Fatty acidFatty acid

Lipid StructureTriglycerides – 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol

a. saturated

b. unsaturated

Phospholipids – 2 fatty acids + 1 glycerol

Wax – long fatty acid chain + long alcohol chain

Steroids

• Made of 4 fused carbon rings instead of fatty acidsa. have various attached functional groups

Uses for Lipids within organisms

• DO NOT DISSOLVE IN H2O (hydrophobic and insoluble)

• Protection, insulation, energy storage

Names of example Lipids

• Steroids a. cholesterol b. testosterone

• Phospholipidsa. lecithin (phosphatidylcholine)

• Triglycerides a. trilauroylglycerol

Organic Molecule Foldable

Elements found in proteins

Building blocks of proteins

Uses for proteins within organisms

Names of example proteins

Elements found in Proteins

• Proteins - CHON

• Carbon - C

• Hydrogen - H

• Oxygen - O

• Nitrogen - N

Building Blocks of Proteins

• Amino acids

• 20 different amino acids

alanine arginine asparagine aspartic acid cysteine

glutamine glutamic acid glycine histidine isoleucine

leucine lysine methionine phenylalanine proline

serine threonine tryptophan tyrosine valine

Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid

Basic Structure of an Amino Acid

Amine Group (NH2)

Carboxylic Acid (COOH)

Side GroupSide Group

Uses for Proteins in Organisms

• provide SHAPE and SUPPORT

• Muscle, movement

Names of example Proteins

• Hormones

• Enzymes

• Antibodies

• Hemoglobin

• Carrier proteins

• Insulin

Organic Molecule Foldable

Elements found in nucleic acids

Building blocks of nucleic acids

Uses for nucleic acids within organisms

Names of example nucleic acids

Elements found in Nucleic Acids

• Nucleic Acids - CHON

• Carbon - C

• Hydrogen - H

• Oxygen - O

• Nitrogen - N

Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids

• nucleotides

Nucleotides for DNA & RNA

How Nucleotides Bond

Covalent Bonds

Uses for Nucleic Acids in Organisms

• Stores important information in the cell

• Creates important structures (proteins) within the cell

Names of Example Nucleic Acids

• DNA

• RNA

Organic Molecules SummaryCARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS

Contain: CHOBuilding Blocks: monosaccharidesdisaccharidesPolysaccharidesUsed: to provide energy to living organismsExamples: Mono- glucose, fructose, galactoseDi- sucrosePoly- glycogen, chitin, starch, cellulose

Contain: CHOBuilding Blocks: fatty acids arranged as triglycerides, phospholipids, wax; includes steriodsUsed: to provide protection, insulation and energy storageExamples: trilauroylglycerol; lecithin; cholesterol, testosterone

Contain: CHONBuilding Blocks: amino acids – there are 20 different ones

Used: to provide shape and supportExamples: hormones, hemoglobin, insulin, enzymes

Contain: CHONBuilding Blocks: nucleotides – adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil

Used: stores important information in the cell, codes for proteinsExamples: DNA, RNA