organ systems in the human body
DESCRIPTION
Organ Systems in the Human BodyTRANSCRIPT
Organ Systemsin the Human Body
Presented by Essence Perry
Systems-
The human body is classified in one main way; body systems
I. Immune System
Purpose:❖ To protect the body from diseases,
bacteria, fungi, and virusesOrgans that make up the Immune System-
1. Thymus 2. Spleen
3. Lymph Nodes
Thymus
Definition:❖ An organ situated in the neck that produces
T cells for the immune system. The human thymus becomes much smaller at puberty.
❖
Spleen
Definition:❖ An organ that produces, removes blood cells
and an important part of the immune system.
Lymph NodesDefinition:❖ Small, bean-shaped organs clustered
mostly in the neck, armpit and groin with a type of white blood cell that filters bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances such as cancer cells.
II. Integumentary
Function:❖ Protects the body from various types of
external damage, e.i. excretion, homeostasis, and melanin.
Examples of damage:❖ Dehydration❖ Abrasions Organs:❖ Skin
Skin or Dermis(3 layers)
Epidermis- Outer layer of skin, sheds every 2 weeks
Dermis-Hair follicles start here, pain sensors, nerve endings, blood vessels, and glands.
HypodermisStores body fat
III. Skeletal System5 Purposes of the Skeletal System
I. SupportII. Protection
III. Mineral StorageIV. Blood Cell Reproduction
V. Mineral Distributer
Skeletal System Fun Facts
● A baby is born with 300 bones
● An adult has 206 bones● A female pelvis is larger
and flatter than a males
IV. Muscular System
3 Functions:❖ Circulates blood/ other bodily fluids
❖ Help complete daily actions❖ Maintain posture
Muscle Fun Facts
Muscles:❖ Soft tissue that help complete daily actions❖ You have 650 muscles❖ Muscles take up ½ the weight of the human
body❖ Muscles are 3x as dense as fat❖ Nervous System control muscles❖ There are 3 types of muscles smooth,
cardiac and skeletal
Smooth/Visceral Muscle
Found in:❖ Stomach❖ Intestines❖ Blood vesselsCharacteristics:❖ Weakest of all muscles❖ Involuntary❖ Do not tire easy❖ Not striated
Cardiac Muscle
Found in:❖ Only the Heart
Characteristics:❖ Pumps blood through body❖ Involuntary❖ Stimulates itself to contract
Skeletal Muscles
Found in:❖ Connect to skeletonsCharacteristics: ❖ Allow us to move❖ Voluntary❖ Striated❖ Tendons attach muscles to bonesStriated:❖ When a cell is banded, making it move
faster
Muscle Specialists
❖ Rheumatologist
❖ Orthopedists
❖ Neurologists
V. Nervous System❖ The nervous system is a collection of nerves
and neurons that control the body
❖ There are 3 parts of the nervous systems, cranial, autonomic, central.
Nervous System Organs/Parts
Central-● Brain● Spinal Cord● Retina(in eyeball)Cranial-● Brain● Eyes● Nose● Other parts of the
head
Autonomic-● Lungs ● Heart● Stomach● Intestines● Bladder● Sex organs
Neurological Process
Neurons send signals through a fiber, AXONSAxons release junctions called SYNAPSESSynapses give commands in a fraction of a millisecond
Neuron in action
Cervical- blueThoracic- pink Lumbar- greenSacral- orange
VI. Endocrine System
Function:❖ Produces chemicals that control many of
the bodies activities, growth and development
❖ Controls a body’s response to a drastic event
❖ Produces hormones
VI. Endocrine System
Characteristics/ Facts:
❖ Made up of glands
❖ Releases/produces chemicals
❖ During changes in emotions, the Endocrine
system stops the hormones
❖ The Endocrine system releases chemicals
directly into the bloodstream
Endocrine System Glands/Parts
❖ Pituitary gland(brain)❖ Hypothalamus(brain)❖ Thyroid Gland❖ Parathyroid(brain)❖ Adrenal gland❖ Thymus gland❖ Pancreas Gland❖ Ovaries❖ Testes
Hormones Produced
❖ Regulate Metabolism
❖ Growth/Development (female-estrogen
male-testosterone)
❖ Tissue Function
❖ Sexual Function
❖ Reproduction
❖ Sleep and Mood
VIII.Circulatory System
Functions:❖ Flows the blood❖ Transports nutrients❖ Spreads oxygen and other gases❖ “Highway for blood”❖ Carries hormones to and from cells❖ Fights off diseases❖ Homeostasis❖ Stable pH balance❖ Moves lymph (clear fluid that gets rid of
waste)
BLOOD FACTS-
❖ 2,000 gallons of blood travel through 60,000
miles of blood vessels
❖ Adults have 5-6 quarts of blood
❖ Blood is plasma, red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets.
How the Circulatory System works
The Circulatory system works on 3 systems:
● Heart(Cardiovascular)
● Lungs(Pulmonary)
● Arteries,veins,coronary, portals,and vessels
(Systematic)
Circulatory System1. The pulmonary circulatory system (lungs) sends oxygen deprived blood
from the heart
2. Then returns oxygenated blood to the heart through the pulmonary vein.
3. Oxygen-deprived blood enters the right artery of the heart and flows
through the right atrioventricular valve into the right ventricle (in the heart.)
Circulatory System 2.0 4. From there it is pumped through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the
pulmonary artery on its way to the lungs (heart to lungs.)
5. When it gets to the lungs, carbon dioxide is released from the blood and
oxygen is absorbed. The pulmonary vein sends the oxygen-rich blood back to
the heart.
Heart Diagram
IX.Reproductive System
Function:
❖ To create new life, offspring
❖ The female and male reproductive system is
entirely different
Female
Male
IX. Urinary System
Function:❖ Release urine from the bodyOrgans/Parts:❖ Kidneys❖ Ureters❖ Urethra❖ Nephron❖ Bladder
Urinary System Facts
❖ Adults have 1.42 liters of urine a day❖ A healthy bladder can hold 16 oz. of urine❖ Medication can affect the amount of urine
produced❖ Beverages like coffee can increase urine
production❖ Small amounts of urine are emptied into the
bladder from the ureters about every 10 to 15 seconds.
Urinary System
❖ The kidneys remove urea ( waste product formed by the breakdown of proteins) from the blood through small filtering units called nephrons.
❖ Substances form as the urine passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney.
❖ From the kidneys, urine travels to the bladder.
X. Digestive System Functions:● Breaks down food into useful molecules
● Moves molecules through the bloodstream
● Eliminates Waste
Organs/ PartsI. EpiglottisII. LiverIII. GallbladderIV. Small IntestineV. Mouth VI. Salivary Glands VII. EsophagusVIII. Rectum/AnusIX. Stomach X. PancreasXI. Large Intestine
DigestionDefinition:When the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules. Ex. Carbs break down into energy
Mechanical Digestion:When the body is PHYSICALLY breaking down food
Chemical Digestion: When the CHEMICALLY body breaks down food.
Absorption
Definition:
When nutrients pass the “digestive walls” into the the bloodstream. Materials (fiber) are absorbed and are eliminated into feces.
THANKSwww.brainpop.com www.howstuffworks.comwww.livescience.comwww.animals.about.com www.factspy.com