organ documentation manual - gupea: home · organ documentation manual niclas fredriksson, ... 5.4...

�

Organ dOcumentatiOn

manual

© GOArt and RAÄ 2005

�

Organ dOcumentatiOn manual

Niclas Fredriksson, Alf Åslund, Carl Johan Bergsten

Copyright:Göteborgsuniversitet,GöteborgOrganArtCenter (GOArt) andRiksantikvarieämbetet (RAA)

�005

Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyany

means,electronicormechanical, includingphotocopying, recording,orbyanyinformationstorageand

retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthecopyrightholders.

Version�.0

5

Table of conTenTs

1. InTroducTIon ................................................................................................... 6

2. The role of documenTaTIon ..................................................................... 7

3. measuremenT accuracY ............................................................................ 9

4. equIpmenT ........................................................................................................ 15 4.1 equIpmenT lIsT ..................................................................................... 15 4.2 specIal equIpmenT handlIng ........................................................ 16 4.2.1 pIpe wall ThIckness measuremenT wITh ulTrasonIc

devIce .............................................................................................................. 16 4.2.2 pIpe wall ThIckness measuremenT wITh ThIckness

gauge .............................................................................................................. 17 4.2.3 measurIng The languId angle and languId

ThIckness ...................................................................................................... 19 4.2.4 measurIng The wIndwaY wIdTh ................................................ 19

5. organ documenTaTIon and measuremenTs ................................... 20 5.1 documenTaTIon sTrucTure ............................................................ 20 5.1.1 general ............................................................................................ 20 5.1.2 descrIpTIon ..................................................................................... 21 5.1.3 Tables ................................................................................................ 21 5.1.4 drawIngs ......................................................................................... 21 5.1.5 phoTo documenTaTIon .............................................................. 22 5.2 balconY ................................................................................................... 23 5.2.1 moldIngs .......................................................................................... 23 5.2.2 panels ................................................................................................ 23 5.2.3 floor .................................................................................................. 24 5.3 case ............................................................................................................ 25 5.3.1 case sTrucTure ............................................................................ 25 5.3.2 moldIngs .......................................................................................... 26 5.3.3 carvIngs and pIpe shades ....................................................... 27 5.3.4 doors and panels wITh Ironwork ...................................... 28 5.4 keYboard area ..................................................................................... 30 5.4.1 manual keYboard ...................................................................... 30 5.4.2 pedal keYboard ........................................................................... 32 5.4.3 keYboard panels ............................................................................. 33 5.5 keY acTIon .............................................................................................. 35 5.5.1 Trackers and squares ............................................................. 35 5.5.2 rollerboard ................................................................................. 37

�

5.6 sTop acTIon ............................................................................................. 39 5.6.1 sTop knobs and sTop rods ....................................................... 39 5.6.2 rollers, roller arms and roller beams,

backfalls ................................................................................................. 40 5.7 wInd sYsTem ........................................................................................... 41 5.7.1 bellows ............................................................................................ 41 5.7.2 wInd Trunks Incl. valves and TremulanTs ................... 43 5.8 wIndchesT ............................................................................................... 44 5.8.1 general ............................................................................................ 44 5.8.2 palleT box ....................................................................................... 46 5.8.3 channel frame, channels and dIvIders......................... 46 5.8.4 slIder beds, slIders and spacers ........................................ 47 5.8.5 Toeboards ....................................................................................... 48 5.8.6 pIpe racks ........................................................................................ 49 5.8.7 façade and wIndchesT laYouT, schemaTIc of The

wIndchesT ................................................................................................ 50 5.9 pIpe work ................................................................................................. 51 5.9.1 flue pIpes ......................................................................................... 51 5.9.2 reed pIpes ......................................................................................... 55

6. daTa aquIsITIon sYsTem ............................................................................. 57 6.1 general .................................................................................................... 57 6.2 equIpmenT ............................................................................................... 57 6.3 measuremenT seTup ........................................................................... 58 6.4 user manual .......................................................................................... 59 6.5 excel macros ........................................................................................ 61

appendIx 1: versIon updaTes ....................................................................... 79

appendIx 2: abbrevIaTIons In alphabeTIc order .............................. 80

references .......................................................................................................... 81

�

1. IntroductIon

Background

Thedocumentationmanualisinitselfadocumentationofresultsfromthedevelopmentofadocumenta-

tionpolicyandmethodologyforhistoricalorgansatGöteborgOrganArtCenter.

ThemanualaimstodescribehowtheorgandocumentationworkofGOArtisperformed;specifically,how

thedocumentationreportsaresystematizedandhowtheyaretobeinterpreted,whatismeasured,howit

ismeasured,whatequipmentisused,howtheequipmentisused,andwhatthevariousabbreviationsrefer

to.

Theaimhasbeentoattainahighlevelofverifiability,makingitpossiblenotonlytoexamineandeva-

luatethemethoditself,butalsotocompareoftheresultsobtainedwithresultsofothersimilardocumen-

tations.

Purpose of the manual

Thedocumentationmanualhasseveralpurposes:

• Referencedocumentforinternaluse.

• Attachmenttodocumentationreports.

• Tobeusedindocumentationeducation.

Living document

Thisisnotafinalversionofthedocumentationmanual.ThemanualisupdatedastheGOArtdocumenta-

tionmethodsandmethodologywilldevelop.Eachversionofthemanualisidentifiedbyitsversionnum-

ber.TheupdatesandchangesbetweentheversionsaredescribedinAppendix�:Versionupdates.

�

2. the roLe of documentatIon

Thedocumentationofanorganhasseveralimportantpurposes:

•Toserveasanempiricalbasisforfuturecomparativestudiesoforganconstruction,pipe-makingandvoi-

cingtechniques.

•Toenableorganbuildersandscholarstostudyandeventoreconstructtheorganconcerneddirectlyfrom

thedocumentation.

•Toassistintheformationofathoroughpreservationandmaintenanceprogramforeachinstrumentin

order tohelpprotecting the instrumentagainst futurearbitraryandsometimes lesscarefuldisassembly,

measuringandstudy.

•Tohelptosafeguardtheartifactincaseoffuturedamage.

Toenable the roleofdocumentationdescribedabove it isobvious that thedocumentationhas tobe

moreexhaustive,moredetailedandaccuratethanearlierdocumentationpractice.

limitations of the method

Thismanualpresentsasystematicdescriptionofamethodfordocumentingorgans.Theaimofthedocu-

mentationscreatedusingthismethodistwofold:tosafeguardessentialinformationabouttheorgansand

tobeabletoconveythatinformationovertimeanddistance.

Itillustrateshowquantifiablesinglepartsoforganscanbemeasuredanddescribedinasystematicway.

Themethodmainlygenerates informationabouttheouter frameworkwithinwhichtheparticularparts

ofanorganworktogether.Thequantifiablepropertiesconstitutetheobviousbasicpreconditionsforthis

interaction.

Already in documenting this outer framework several methodological problems arise. The manual

shouldbeseenasafirstattempttosystematizeanddescribethesepreconditionsandmethodologicalpro-

blems.Theintentionistograduallyextendanddeepenthecontentofthismanual.Consideringthepro-

blemsthatarisegenerallyalreadywhendealingwithanorgan’squantifiableelements,thedistancetothe

finalgoalcanseemendless.Describingthequalitativeaspectsthatariseoutofthecomplexinterplaybet-

weenthesequantifiableelementsis,naturally,evenmorecomplicated.

Nevertheless,theaimofthismanualistobeatooltohelpreach-the-virtuallyutopian-goalofgathe-

ringandconveyinginformationandknowledgeaboutorganstotheextentandqualitythattheycanbe

reconstructedfromthedocumentationalone.Infutureupdatesofthismanualtheaimistodealwithmore

qualitativeaspectsoforgans,aswellasmorefundamentalquestionsaboutethicsindocumentationand

restorationoforgans.

Afundamentalprerequisiteforthedocumentationworkisthattoolsaswellasmethodsarenon-destruc-

tive.Theymustunderno circumstance endanger the artifacts, that is to say, thatmaterialmayneither

beremovednordeformed.Thisalsoapplies tosurfaces, suchassoldersizeandpipevarnish,glue joints

inwoodenconstructionsandlayersofpaint.Ifdestructivedocumentationmethodsaretobeappliedan

exhaustiveattentiontomattersofethicsisrequired.Inprinciple,anymethodthatcanharmtheobjectsis

prohibited;preservingtheobjectstakesprecedencebeforedatacollection.

Agreatimportanceisalsoattachedtothereliabilityofthemeasurementvaluesthatareobtained.This

means,forexample,thattheaimalwaysshouldbetoidentifyandminimizethesourcesoferrorandthe

amountsofdeviationerrorinthemethodology.Theoriginsoftheseerrorsshouldalsobeidentifiedwhether

theyareduetothemanufacturingprocess,therecordingandreadingofdataorthehandlingofdata,or

someotherorigin.

�

Theintrinsicvaluesoftheartifactsandthereliabilityofthecollecteddataisofgreaterimportancethan

theamountofcollecteddata!

Measurements are almost always given in millimeters (usually with two decimals). This, however, may

giveafalse impressionofthedegreeofprecisionofthemanufacturingprocess.This is trueforexample

forbeams inbalconiesandcasestructures,andalso forwall thicknesseswhenmeasuringpipes thatare

coarselyscrapedorscrapedonlyononesideofthesheet.Thereasonforgivingthemeasurementsinmil-

limeters(evenwhen,fromthestandpointoftolerance,mmarelessappropriate,oreven“incorrect”)isthat

amonotonousreformattingofmeasuredvaluesinthecomputerconstitutesasourceoferrorandalsothat

consistentlyusingonlyoneroutineforreadingdatafrommillimeter-gradedtoolscouldreducetheriskfor

misreading.Whenanalyzingandusingtheobtainedvalues it is, therefore,of theutmost importanceto

keepthisinmindandtorelatethemtootheressentialfactors,suchasmeasuringmethod,measureditem,

precisionofmanufacturingprocess,material-technicalcharacteristics,technicalstatus,etc.Thus,allobtai-

nedvaluesmustbescrutinizedandmustnotbetakentoo“literally.”Experienceshowsthatthemarginsof

errorinthemeasuringmethodsthemselvesareusuallysmallerthantheonesforthemanufacturingand

thoseduetothehumanfactor.Thelattermightconsistoferrorsinreadingandtypingdata,sortingpipes

inanincorrectway,etc.Fromameasuring-technicalviewpoint,someofthemethodsusedproducedataof

amoreapproximatecharacter,whileothersgivedatathataremoreaccuratethanwhatmightbeinterpre-

tedas“relevant.”

�0

3. measurement accuracy

Introduction

Whenmeasuringforexamplethelengthofanobject,itisimportanttoknowhowwellthemeasurement

valuerepresentstherealityorthetruth.Thereforeitisnecessarytomakeanestimationofthemaximum

differencebetweenthemeasuredlengthandthereal length, i.e. themeasurementinaccuracy.Theinac-

curacyconsistsofacombinationoferrorscausedbythemeasuringmethod,bythemeasuringdeviceand

whenreadingthemeasurementvalue.Therequirementontheaccuracycanalsovarydependingonthe

purposeofthemeasurement.

Whendocumentingpipesinordertobetterunderstandtheunderlyingpipedesignidea,itisimportantto

knowthatthesumofthepossibledeviationsanderrors,generatedfromdesigndocumenttoproducedpipe

includingthemeasurementerrorswhendocumentingthepipes,isnotofthesamemagnitudeassignifi-

cantdifferencesdependingonthedesign.

Thereforeameasurementtesthasbeenperformedtomapthedeviationsfromdesignintentiontopro-

ducedpipesandalsotoestimatetheaccuracyonecanexpectwhenmeasuringthecircumferenceofpipes.

measurement setup

Threepersons,experiencedindocumentationofpipedimensions,measuredthebodycircumferencefor

eachofthepipesc0-f�inanewlyproducedGedackt�’stop.Eachpersonmeasuredonecircumferenceper

pipethroughthewholestopandrepeatedthisthreetimesresultinginthreemeasurementseriesperper-

son.Theyperformedthemeasurementsindependentofeachother.

Fig. 1

Whenallpipecircumferencesweremarkedonthestrip,thecircumferencesweremeasuredusinga�00mm

longsteelruler,measuringthedistancefromthestripendtothedifferentmarkings(Fig�).

Fig. 2

��

results

Tomapdeviationsfromdesignintentiontoproducedpipestheprocesscanbedividedintotwosteps:(i)

Designwidth–sheetwidthand(ii)sheetwidth–bodycircumference.

Designwidth–sheetwidth

Figure�showsforthec0-f�pipes,thesheetwidthfromthedesigndrawingandthemeasuredwidthofthe

cutsheetwhenmakingthebody.Thewidthwasmeasuredusinga�00mmlongsteelruler.

Fig. 3

Thepipemakerhasmarkedandcutthesheetaccordingtothemeasuredwidthonthedrawing.Thegraph

showsadeviationfortheds0,e0andf0pipeswithamaximumof5mm(ds0).Thedeviationscouldorigi-

natefrommeasuringonthedrawing,markingorcuttingthesheet.

Sheetwidth–bodycircumference

Figure�showsforthec0-f�pipes,themeasuredsheetwidthandthemeasuredpipebodycircumference.

Thecircumferencevalueisthemeanvalueofthe�measurementseriesfromthetest.

Itisobviousthatthemeasuredcircumferenceisalwaysslightlylargerthanthesheetwidth.Thereare

severalreasonsforthis.Bendingthesheettocylinderformwillstretchthematerialattheoutersurfaceand

compressthematerialattheinnersurface.Whenbendingthesheettoacylindertherewillbeasmalldis-

tancebetweenthemeetingedges.Thisgapwillbefilledwhensolderingthepipebody.Thethicknessofthe

measuringstripandalsotheprotrudingsolderseamwillgiveadditiontothecircumference.

Inordertoestimatethecircumferencedeviationcausedbybendingthesheetandthemeasuringstrip

thickness,considerthefollowingcalculationsandFigure5.

��

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

��

Cs=sheetwidth

Cm=measuredcircumference

d=theoreticdiameter

th=pipewallthickness

ts=measuringstripthickness

gw=gapwidth

Assumingthatthegapwidthissmallsothatthecylindercrosssectionformcanstillbeconsideredacircle

andthattheunaltered(notexpandedorcompressed)partofthesheetislocatedinthecenter:

d=Cs/πCm=(d+th+�*ts)*π+gw=(Cs/π+th+�*ts)*π+gw

Cm=Cs+π*th+�*π*ts+gw

Cm-Cs=π*th+�*π*ts+gw

ts=0.0�mm

Cm-Cs=π*th+0.��+gw

Onepartofthedeviationbetweenthemeasuredcircumferenceandthesheetwidthisproportionaltothe

sheetthickness.ThistendencyisalsovisibleintheFigure�wherethedifferencebetweencircumference

andsheetwidthtogetherwiththethicknessareshown.

Itisnotpossibletoknowhowmuchofthematerialiscompressedorexpandedwhenbendingthesheet

butcalculatingtheminimumdeviation(thematerialisonlycompressed)andthemaximumdeviation(the

materialisonlyexpanded)givesfollowingresult:

dev=Cm-Cs

devmin<dev<devmax

where

devmin=�*π*ts+gw=0.��+gw

devmax=�*π*th+�*π*ts+gw=�*π*th+0.��+gw

measurement accuracy

Themeasurementerrorscanbedivided intotwocategories:Systematicandrandomerrors.Asystematic

erroralwaysgivesaspecificpositiveornegativecontributiontothevalue.Arandomerrorvaryfrommea-

surementtomeasurementandcharacteristicforarandomerroristhatitcanbereducedbyrepeatingthe

measurementandcalculatingthemeanvalue;themorerepeatedmeasurementsthesmallerrandomerror.

Measuringthecircumferenceisdividedintotwosteps: (i)Windingthestripandmarkingthecircumfe-

renceand(ii)measuringthemarkpositiononthestripusingaruler.

Thefirststepcontainsasystematicerrordependingonthestripthickness(seeabove)andalsomaybebe-

causethestripcanslipdownalittleononesidewhenwindingitaroundthepipebody.Thiserrorgivesan

additiontothecircumference.Bothstepsalsowillgiverandomerrors.

Inapipedocumentationsituationitismostoftennotpossibletorepeatthecircumferencemeasurements

anditisimportanttoestimatethespreadforasinglemeasurementvalue.Figure�showsthedifferensbet-

��

weenasinglevalueandthemeanvalue(basedonall�valuesperpipe)forall�(�perperson)measurement

series.Figure�indicatestheexpectedspreadtobewithin–0.5mmto+0.�mm.Thevaluevariationsare

somewhatlargerforlargerpipescomparedtosmallerpipes.Apossiblereasoncouldbethatthestripeasier

canslipdownalittleononesidewhenwindingitaroundalargerpipebody.Awaytoimprovethiswould

betousewiderstrips.

conclusions

Whenmakingsheetsbasedonthedesigndrawingforpipebodyproduction,deviationscanoriginatefrom

measuringonthedrawing,markingorcuttingthesheet.Inthetestadeviationwasmeasuredforacouple

ofsheetswithamaximumof5mm.

Themeasuredpipebodycircumferenceisalwaysslightlylargerthanthecorrespondingsheetwidth.The

deviationispartlydependentonthesheetthicknessanditislessthan

�*π*(th+ts)+gw

where

th=pipewallthickness

ts=measuringstripthickness

gw=solderinggapwidth

Themeasurementtestindicatesthattheexpectedinaccuracywhenmeasuringthecircumferenceisabout

+0.�to–0.5mm.Theaccuracycouldprobablybeslightlyimprovedbyusingalittlewidermeasuringstrip

thanthe�mmwidestripusedinthetest.

Fig. 6

�5

Fig. 7

��

4. equIPment

4.1 equipment list

ElectronicMeasuringDevices

•Ultrasonicthicknessgauge(KrautkramerBranson,ModelDMS)

•Soundfrequncymeasuringdevice

OpticalInspectionDevices

•Inspectionmirrors(Heine,mini-Kontrollspiegel)

•Medicalearinspector(Heine,mini-Boroskop)

•Boroscope,0°,�0°,��0°optics

ElectronicEquipmentwithDirectComputerInput

•Verniercallipers(Mitutoyo,5��-��5-�0,NTD��P-�5C)

•Thicknessgauge(Mitutoyo,Absolute,5��-��B)

TraditionalHandTools

• Measuringtapes(Stanley),inmillimeters;having�and50meterslength,respectively

• Verniercallipers,withtenthsofmillimeters

• Foldingrule(Hultafors)

• Rulersofvariouslengthsinmillimetersandhalf-millimeters

• Combinationsquare(Stanley)

• Telescopestick(Nedo,”Essfix,”5meter,withruleinmillimeters)

SpecialHandTools

•Profiler(”R.G.R:,Conformateur,”�50mmmeasurementlength,�00mmmeasurementdepth,

havingascalethicknessof0.�mm.

•Languidangle”duplicator,”specially-madeplasticfilmshaperwithanglesof�5°–�0°.

•Paperstrips, forwindwaydetermination,of�0-grampaperwithprinted,blacklinesofvariouswidths.

Thelinewidthsare0.�5,0.�0,0.�5,etc.upto0.�5and�.00mm.

•Paperrulers,specially-madewithhalf-millimetermarksprintedon�0-grampaperstrips.

•Foil strips,made from transparentdrawingfilmof0.0�mmthickness and in somecasesof0.0�mm

thickness.

•U-bendwindpressuremeasuringdevice.

PhotographicEquipment

•Traditionalcamerawithvariouslenses,etc.

•Digitalcamera,(NikonCoolpix�500)

��

4.2 special equipment handling

4.2.1 PiPe wall thickness measurement using ultrasonic device

measuring methodThemethodisbasedontransferringahighfrequencysoundpulseintothepipewall.Everychangeofthe

soundconductivityinthematerialwillgiverisetoasoundreflection.Soundwiththishighfrequencycan-

nottravelinair,sothesoundpulsewilltravelbackandforthinthepipewallanumberoftimes(Fig.�).

Thepulsewillgraduallyloseitsenergyanddisappear.Bylisteningtothesereflectedsoundpulsesandmea-

suringthetimebetweentwoechoes,itispossibletocalculatethewallthickness.Forthiscalculationitis

necessarytoknowthesoundvelocityinthemetal.Soundvelocitycanbefoundintheliteratureformany

metals,butinourcasewearemeasuringinanalloywheretheexactcontentrelationbetweenthemetals

(lead,tin,andtraceelements)mostoftenisnotknownatthetimeofdocumentation.Thereforeitisneces-

sarytodeterminethevelocitybyacalibrationprocedure.

measurement setupSoundwiththefrequency�5MHzistransmittedintothemetal.Sincethesoundcannottravelinair, it

hastobesentfromthesound-generatingelementintothemetalthroughaso-calledcouplant.Thereare

couplantsconsistingofhighviscosityliquidsorgelsspeciallydevelopedforthispurpose.Itisalsopossible

tousewaterasacouplant;wechosetousewaterinordernottoriskaffectingthemetalsurface.Justasmall

amountofpurewaterontheultrasonicsensortipissufficienttotransferthesoundfromthesensorinto

thepipewall.

Themeasurementiscalibratedbydeterminingthesoundvelocityinthemetal.Forpureleadthesound

velocityisca.��00m/s,andforpuretinthevelocityisca.��00m/s.Forlead-tinalloythesoundvelocity

issomewherebetweenthesetwovalues.Firstthewallthicknessismeasuredatthetopofthepipeusing

amechanicalmeasuringdevice.Frommeasuringthewallthicknessatthesamespotusingtheultrasonic

instrument,thesoundvelocitycanbecalculated.Knowingthevelocity,itisalsopossibletogetanideaof

theapproximatecontentrelationbetweenleadandtininthealloy.

Fig. 8

Thewallthicknessismeasuredatseveralplacesonthepipe:atthepipefootbottomandtop(samelevel

asthelowerlip),andatthepipebodybottom(samelevelastheupperlip)andtop.Forlongerpipes,the

thicknessisalsomeasuredonthepipebodymiddlelevel,andsometimesalsoat�/�and�/�ofthebody

length.Oneachlevelthethicknessismeasuredinthreeorinfivepositions(dependingonthesizeofthe

pipe)alongthepipecircumference.

��

4.2.2 PiPe wall thickness measurement using thickness gauge

Wallthicknessesaremecanically(“WallTh.(mec.)”)measuredwithathicknessgauge.Itscurvedlegisin-

sertedintothepipe,anditsmovablelegliesperpendiculartothesurfaceoftheoutsideofthepipe,seeFig.

�.Theendsofthelegsarerounded,withadiameterof�.�±0,�mmonthemovinglegand�.�±0,�mmon

thecurvedleg.

Fig. 9

Whenmeasuringwallthicknessonflatsurfacestheroundingofthelegsdoesnotinfluencethemeasure-

ment.However, whenmeasuringcurvedsurfaces, likecylindricalorconicalpipebodiesormoreor less

conedfoottips,thereisanintroductionoferrorascanbeunderstoodfromFigure�0;thisisaresultofthe

concavityofthecylindersinside.Theeffectofthecurvaturecanbecomparedtomeasuringwithamicro-

meter(seeFig.�0);theinnerlegdoesn tlieclosetothepipewall,resultingineitheranerroneousvalueor

deformationofthewall.Theintentionistoperformtestsandanalysesofthisphenomenon,andtoaccount

foritinafutureupdateofthismanual.Itcanalreadybestated,though,thatthetheultrasonicwallthick-

nessmeasuringdevice(seep.��)iscalibratedusingthevaluesobtainedfrommeasurementstakenwiththe

thicknessgauge.

(Onseveraloccasionswhendocumentingorgans,distincttracesofpreviousdocumentationshavebeen

detectable.Theassumptionthatthesetracesareresultsofpreviousdocumentationsisderivedfromthefact

thatthesetracesarefoundmostoftenincpipes,andinsomecasesinf,f#andgpipes.Thetracesconsists

ofcircularimprints,withadiameterof�-5mm.attheorificesofthepipebodies(=“BodyT,”“BodyC,”or

“BodyM”).Inshort:allthisshowsthedestructiveeffectsofmicrometers,whichthereforeshouldnottobe

usedinorgandocumentationactivities.)

Thiseffectoccurswhentheradiusoftheconcavesurfaceissmallerthantheradiusoftheendoftheleg

ofthethicknessgauge.ThishasbeenconfirmedintestsperformedbyNiclasFredrikssonandMatsArvids-

sonintheworkshopofthelatter.Inthesetestsfournewmetalsheetswithdifferentthicknesses,allwithan

alloyof�:5wereused.Theirthicknessesweremeasuredbeforetheywererounded,atapositionindicated

withamarkerpen.Thenthesheetswereroundedusingninedifferentmandrelswithdiminishingdiame-

ters,rangingfrom�0mm.to�mm.Thewallthicknesswasmeasuredaftereachchangeofthecylinders

innerdiameter.

��

Fig. 10

The resultingmeasurements (see tablebelow) shows that the sourceof errorwhenusing thisdeviceon

roundedmetalsheetsisessentiallynegligiblefromapracticalpointofview;pipeswithaninnerdiameter

oflessthanfivemm.hardlyever,orveryrarely,occurs.Thedeviationsinthetestresultsareprobablydueto

slightlydifferentamountofforcebeingappliedwhenpositioningthethicknessgauge.

This testwas causedbyexperiences inGOArt sorgan researchworkshop in connectionwith theNorth

GermanOrganResearchProjectandtheVilnius/Rochesterproject.Pipesmadeafterdocumentationsfol-

lowingtheprinciplespresentedinthispublicationendeduphavingconsiderablythickerwallsthantheori-

ginals.Accordingtothetestresultspresentedherethereasonforthesedifferencesisnotdependingonthe

documentationmethod.Onepossiblesourceoferrorcouldstemfrominterpretation,bothwhenanalyzing

thedocumentation,andinthemanufacturingprocess.Possiblyinboththesestagesatendencytoround

andinterpretthefigures”generously”ispresent,thistoensurethatthewallsinthecopiesget”sufficient”

staticproperties.

�0

4.2.3 measuring the languid angle and languid thickness

Thedeviceformeasuringthelanguidangle(seeFig.��)ismadeofa0.�5mmthickplasticfoil,thathasto

berigidenoughtobefunctionalbutsoftenoughthatitdoesn tcauseanyscratchesorotherdamage.Diffe-

rentpieceswithanglesrangingfrom�0°to�0°areneeded.Theupperedgeshouldrestflushwiththeupper

sideofthelanguidandthenthedocumenterhastofindthepiecethatmatchesthelanguidangle.

Thedeviceformeasuringthelanguidthickness(seeFig.��)isheldparalleltotheverticalmiddlelineof

thepipeand-ascloseaspossible-ata�0°angletotheundersideofthelanguid.

Themeasurementsobtainedwhenusingthesetwodevicesmustbeseenasapproximationsoftheactual

dimensions.Consideringthefactthattheundersidesofthelanguidscanbepositionedbelowtheupper

edgeofthe lower lip(whichisespecially trueofcoveredpipes)andthefactthatcounterfacesresulting

fromeithertheproductionornickingscanbepresent,thevaluesofthelanguidthicknessesshouldbeseen

asminimumvalues.

Fig. 11 and Fig. 12

4.2.4 measuring the windway width

Aspecialdeviceisusedformeasuringwindwaywidthsandwallthicknessesoflowerlips(seeFig.��):prin-

tedblacklinesofdifferentwidthsprintedonaplasticfoil(comparewiththedescriptionofthedevicefor

measuringthelanguidangles).Theyarewedgeshaped.Theprintedlinesrunparalleltothebluntendof

thewedge.Thewedgeisgentlyputontopoftheupperedgeofthelowerlipandthemeasurementsofeither

thewindwaywidthorthewallthicknessofthelowerlipistakenbycomparingthesewiththeprintedli-

nes.Alsohere,thevaluesobtainedshouldberegardedasapproximations.

��

5. organ documentatIon and measurements

5.1 documentation structure

5.1.1 generalEachdocumentationcomprisesthefollowingmainitems:

•Verbaldescription

•Tables

•Drawingsandsketches

•Photographs

A fundamental principle of the documentation work is that all of the elements are presented from the

standpointoftheircurrentplacementandfunctionintheorganatthetimeofthedocumentation(this

principlealsoappliestostopnames).Elementsthatareobviouslylateradditionsaretreatedlastlyineach

ofthemainitems.

Ineachmainitem,theinformationissortedandorderedtoashighadegreeaspossibleaccordingtothe

samebasicscheme:thatthereaderapproachestheorganfromtheoutsideandthenintoeachoftheindivi-

dualsectionsoftheorgan.

Eachindividualdocumentation,unlessotherwisementioned,hashaditscorrespondingmeasurements

takenwiththesamemeasuringtechnique.

Jointtechniquesusedintheinstrumentarepresentedinthedescriptionand/orindicatedinthedra-

wings(e.g.dovetail,plug,morticeandtenon,lapjoint).SeeFig.��.

Fig. 13

��

5.1.2 descriPtionAnoverviewofthehistoryoftheinstrumentisgiveninaspecialchapteratthebeginningofeach

documentationreport.Inthefollowingwrittendescription,theorganisintroducedwithadescriptionof

itsplacement,itsspecification,inscriptionsfoundduringthedocumentationwork(whenapplicable),and

thebalcony.Whendescribingthelocationandorientation,referencetothefourcardinalpointsaremade.

Thereafter,moreexhaustivedescriptionsaregivenofthecase,moldings,carvings,doors,panels,etc.The

keydeskisthendescribed,followedbydescriptionsofthekeyactionandthestopaction,fromthekey-

boardtothewindchests.

Thedescriptioncontinuesinasimilarfashion,presentingagaintheorganfromtheoutsideandgoing

inside,butthistimefollowingpathwayofthewindthroughtheorgan:transmissionintotheorganviathe

bellows,throughthewindtrunks,Sperrventil[s],tremulant[s],windchest[s],andlastly,thepipework.The

pipeworkisdescribedintheorderinwhichthepipesareplacedonthewindchest[s],beginningwiththe

façadepipesandproceedingbackwards.

Annotationsandlettersfoundinsketchesanddrawingsareexplainedinthedescription.Supplemen-

tarycommentstothevariousconstructionsaregiven,etc.Itistheprimaryaimofthedocumentationwork

todocumenttheinstrument’stechnicalfunction,whichmeansthatmorein-deptharchivalresearchhas

notbeendone.Inseveralinstances,certaininformationanddocumentsarereferredtosincetheyareeasy

toaccessandhaverelevancetothedocumentationpresented.

5.1.3 tablesLengthyseriesofmeasurementshavebeenstoredinExceldocuments,makingitpossibletoprocessand

analyzetheinformation.

Allofthemeasurementsgiveninthetablesareinmillimeters,exceptforthethicknessesofthematerial,

whicharegiveninhundredthsofmillimeters.

Whenrecordingaspecificvalueinconnectionwithseveral,usuallythree,measurementsofthesame

typebeingtaken,theaveragevalueisshownfirstinthetables,followedbythosevaluesuponwhichthe

averagewascalculated.Anyinstanceswherethisisnotthecaseareevidentfromtheformattingoftheco-

lumnsinthetables.

Certainmeasurementsareabsentfromthetables,mainlybecausethepipeinquestionwasdamaged,

repaired,or the like. Incertaincases (uneven innersurfaceof thecast sheetorhigh lead-content, thick

sheet), itwaseitherdifficultor impossible toobtainunambiguousvalues;consequently, thevalueswere

intentionally left out to increase the trustworthiness of the documentation results. An additional main

reasonforabstainingfromcertainmeasurementproceduresisthatdamagestothepipes,particularlywith

regardstovoicing,undernocircumstancesshouldberisked.

Inthemeasuringofthepipematerialthicknesseswithultrasonicequipment,thedistancebetweenthe

measurementpositionswereinnocaseshorterthanapproximatelyonefootoronepipe-footlength,which

meansthatpipesofone-footlengthorlesshavebeenmeasuredatonlyonepositionofthebody,namelyat

theupperlip,alsoknownasthe“bottom”ofthepipebody.Pipesof�’lengthorlongerhavebeenmeasured

asshowninfigure5�.Theresultsoftheultrasonicmeasurementsaregivenseparatelyinonetablecommon

toallofthestops.

Figure5�showsthatthepositionindicationsfortakingthemeasurementsofthepipescomesfromthe

ideathattheobserver“identifies”him-orherselfwiththepipe.

5.1.4 drawingsAbasicprincipleofthedocumentationhasbeenthatallthemeasurementsfromwhichthedrawingswere

madearegivenintherespectivedrawings.

��

Theonlydrawingonwhichthemeasurementsarenotgivenisthefirst:thedrawingofthefaçade,one-half

withdetailsandtheotherhalfshowingonlythefundamentalstructure.Thesedrawingscanbeseenasthe

sumtotaloftherespectivedocumentationandhavebeencreatedfromtheotherfundamentalinformation.

Full-scalecontouredtracingsaresometimesmadeofallofthecarvings;forpracticalreasons,however,the

tracingshavenotbeenpublishedintheoriginal formatbuthavebeenproportionallyreducedandthen

insertedintothedrawings.

Allofthemeasurementsaregiveninmillimeters.

Measurementindicators(intheformofadjacentbracket-likelineswithcorrespondingmeasurements)

areasaruleplacedattheendoftheobjectwherethemeasurementsweretaken.

Measurementsplaced in squarebracketsarecalculated fromthegivenmeasurements in theadjacent

measurementindicators.Incaseswheremeasurementsarenotpossibletotake,thedimensionsoftheob-

jectareestimatedanddrawnfree-handwithoutmeasurementsbeingindicated.

”Intervalmeasurements”appeardeliberately.Thisisasafetyprecaution(measuringcanbedetectedby

meansof theadjacentmeasurement indicators)andat thesametime, itgives informationabout irregu-

laritiesintheconstructions.Discrepancies,regardingthetotalsums,betweentheadjacentmeasurement

indicatorsandthetotalmeasurementsareinsomecasesobvious;suchdiscrepanciesderiveprimarilyfrom

distortionsandirregularitiesintheconstructions,andtoalesserextentfromthemeasuringmethodand

aspectsofmeasurementinterpretation.

Allofthesketchesareexecutedaccordingtoscale,butinfree-handinordertogiveasuggestionthatnot

allofthediscrepancies,damages,etc.arerenderedwithpin-pointaccuracy.Themainpurposeofthesket-

chesistogiveanideaoftheoriginalintentionbehindthehandiworkforeachindividualelement.

Thedrawingshavinga�:�scaleusuallypresenttracedobjects;therefore,usuallyno,oronlyafew,refe-

rencemeasurementsaregiven.

Thescalesusedintheoriginaldrawingsandsketchesareindicatedintheoverviewoftherespectiveca-

tegoryofdrawings.Theoriginaldrawingsandsketchesaremadeonlargepapersheets(A�size).

Thegraindirectionisschematicallyindicatedinthedrawings(Fig.��).

Fig. 14

5.1.5 Photo documentationThoroughphotographicdocumentationofallof thedetailsarepresented inorder toreveal information

aboutthesurfacetreatment,scraping-markdirection,solderseamcharacter,etc.

��

5.2 Balcony

5.2.1 moldingsmeasurementsDrawingswithbasicmeasurementsshowingthemoldingspositions.

Profiledrawingscontainingmeasurements(Fig.��)

Itisimportanttotakeintoconsiderationtheprofilechangeduetothepaintingofthemoldings.

methodsManualmeasuringusingprofiler,verniercalliper,steelruler.

5.2.2 PanelsmeasurementsDrawingswithmeasurementsofdoorsandpanels(Fig.��).

Drawingswithmeasurementsoftheironwork(Fig.��).

methodsManualmeasuringusingmeasuring-tape,foldingruleandverniercalliper.

Fig. 15

Fig. 16

�5

5.2.3 FloormeasurementsDrawingswithbasicmeasurements(Fig.�5-��),showingtheorganposition(Fig.��).Mesurementsofhis-

toricaltraces.

methodsManualmeasuringusingtelescopestick,measuring-tape,foldingruleandverniercalliper.

Fig. 17

��

5.3 case

5.3.1 case structuremeasurementsDrawingscontainingmeasurements(height,width,depth)offramesandbeamsconstitutingthecasestruc-

ture(Fig.��).

methodsManualmeasuringusingtelescopestick,measuring-tape,foldingruleandverniercalliper.

Fig. 18

��

5.3.2 moldingsmeasurementsDrawingsshowingthemoldingspositions.

Profiledrawingscontainingmeasurements(Fig.��)

Itisimportanttotakeintoconsiderationtheprofilechangeduetothepaintingofthemoldings.

methodsManualmeasuringusingprofiler,verniercalliper,steelruler.

Fig. 19

��

5.3.3 carvings and PiPe shadesmeasurementsDrawingswithbasicmeasurements(Fig.�0).Photodocumentation.Tracing.

methodsManualmeasuringusingmeasuring-tape,foldingruleandverniercalliper.

Takingphotographsusingconventionalordigitalcamera.

Fig. 20

��

5.3.4 doors and Panels with ironworkmeasurementsDrawingswithmeasurementsofdoorsandpanels(Fig.��).

Drawingswithmeasurementsoftheironwork(Fig.��).

methodsManualmeasuringusingmeasuring-tape,foldingrule,steelrulerandverniercalliper.

Fig. 21

�0

Fig. 22

��

5.4 Keyboard area

5.4.1 manual keyboardmeasurementsDrawingswithbasicmeasurementsofthekeyboardframeandkeycheeks.Tracingofprofiles.Balance-pins

positionsandsizes.

Drawingandtablewithmeasurementsofkeysandkeycovers(Fig.��-�5).Octavewidthsfor:C-H,c-h,c�-

h�,c�-h�.


Fig. 23

Fig. 24

��

Fig. 25

��

5.4.2 Pedal keyboardmeasurementsDrawingswithbasicmeasurementsofthepedals(Fig.��),pedalkeyboardframe(Fig.��),thepedalkey-

boardguideandthepedalframebackrail.Tracingofpedalsandtheframeside.


Fig. 26

��

5.4.3 keyboard PanelsmeasurementsDrawingswithbasicmeasurementsofthekeyboardpanels(Fig.��-��).


Fig. 27

�5

Fig. 28

��

5.5 Key action

5.5.1 trackers and squaresmeasurementsDrawingwithmeasurementsofthetrackersandsquares(Fig.��-�0).Theindividualtrackerslengthsarenot

measuredbutthelengthsaredefinedbythepositionsoftherollerboard,thekeyboardandthewindchest.

methodsManualmeasuringusingfoldingrule,steelrulerandverniercalliper.

Fig. 29

��

Fig. 30

��

5.5.2 rollerboardmeasurementsDrawingswithbasicmeasurementsofrollerboard(Fig.��),rollerswithrollerarms,needlebearingsand

studs(Fig.��).

Rollerboardtable(Fig.��).


Fig. 31 and Fig. 32

��

Fig. 33

�0

5.6 stop action

5.6.1 stoP knobs and stoP rodsmeasurementsDrawingsandtableswithmeasurementsofstopknobsandstoprods(Fig.��-�5).


Fig. 34

Fig. 35

��

5.6.2 rollers, roller arms and roller beams, backFallsmeasurementsDrawingswithmeasurementsofrollers,rollerarms(Fig.��),rollerbeamsandbackfalls(Fig.��).


Fig. 36

Fig. 37

��

5.7 Wind system

5.7.1 bellowsmeasurementsDrawingsandtableswithmeasurementsofupperandlowerboard(Fig.��),ledges,folds(Fig.��-�0),inlet

valve,outletvalve,bellowsframe,pumpinglevers.

Ifpossible,measurementofthewindpressure.


Windpressuremeasuringdevice(e.g.U-bend).

Fig. 38

��

Fig. 39

Fig. 40

��

5.7.2 wind trunks incl. valves and tremulantsmeasurementsDrawingswithoutsidemeasurementsandthicknessesofwindtrunks(Fig.��).Drawingsofvalvesandtre-

mulants(Fig.��).


Fig. 41

Fig. 42

�5

5.8 Windchest

5.8.1 generalmeasurementsDrawingswithbasicmeasurementsofthewindchest.


Fig. 43

��

Fig. 44

��

5.8.2 Pallet boxmeasurementsDrawingswithmeasurementsofbottomboard,pouches,pallets,faceboard,palletsprings,springrack(Fig.

��-��).


5.8.3 channel Frame, channels and dividersmeasurementsTablewithmeasurementsofchannelwidths(Fig.�5).

methodsManualmeasuringusingsteelrulerandverniercalliper.

Fig. 45

��

5.8.4 slider beds, sliders and sPacersmeasurementsDrawingsandtableswithmeasurementsofsliderbeds,slidersandspacers(Fig.��-��).


Measuringofboringsusingverniercalliperconnectedtothedataaquisitionsystem.

Fig. 46

��

5.8.5 toeboardsmeasurementsDrawingsandtableswithmeasurementsoftoeboards(Fig.��-��).

Drawings/tracingswithmeasurementsoftoeboardscrews(Fig.��).



Fig. 47

Fig. 48

50

5.8.6 PiPe racksmeasurementsDrawingswithmeasurementsofpiperacks(Fig.��)

Tablewithmeasurementsofpiperackborings(Fig.��).



Fig. 49

5�

5.8.7 Façade and windchest layouts, schematic oF the windchest

A-CandE-JinFig.50givesdistancefromoneendofthechannelframe.I.b.andI.c.primarilygivegap

widths.

A.façadedivision

B.channeldivisiongivingdistancestoeachchannelcenter

C.positionsofpiperackpillars

D.numberofpiperackpillarsateachposition

E.toeboardscrews,distancestoeachchannelcenter

F.toeboards,distancestothecenterofrespectivetoeboardjoints

G.catchers,distancestoeachcatchercenter

H.faceboard(withasectionofthemiddlefaceboardinserted)

I.palletbox,withchannelsandbars

a.center

b.totalwidth

c.outerwidth

J.windtrunkentrances

Fig. 50

5�

5.9 Pipe work

Inthelistsbelow,thecolumnheadingsandabbreviationsusedinthetablesareexplained.Thesearegiven

intheorderinwhichtheyaretobefoundinthedocumentationtablesfortheorgan.Themeasuringtool

usedforeachparameterisindicatedinitalics.

5.9.1 flue pipes

Fig. 51 – metal pipe, and Fig. 52 – wood pipe

5�

main Title subtitle explanation and method Body Pipe body.

Circ. Av.

(B., M., T.)

Circumferenceaverage (bottom,middle, top)= theaveragevalue

oftheoutercircumferencemeasuredonthelowerpartofthepipe

body(justabovetheupperlip),inthemiddle,andatthetop.

strip of drawing film, usually 0.03 mm thick,

but in certain cases 0.07 mm thick.

Calc. circ. B. Circumference, calculated from the value in the

next nearest column, which is its average.

Ø B. Av. (3) Average of three measurements of outer diameter, ta-

ken at the same position, just above the upper lip

(the given values in the three adjacent columns).

vernier callipers.

Ø T. Av. (3) Same as Ø B. (average of three), but at the end of the pipe.

Length

(Long.)

The longest length of the pipe body, measured from

the middle of the languid’s soldering seam to the end.

Conical or funnel-shaped parts have been measu-

red along the surface and are therefore not plumb (see

the sketches of the pipe feet and the resonators).

ruler or measuring tape.

Cap Cap.

L. Length.


Calc. circ. Circumference, calculated from the va-

lue in the next nearest column.

Ø Av. (3) Average of three measurements of outer diameter, ta-

ken at the same position, just above the upper lip

(the given values in the three adjacent columns).

vernier callipers.

Foot Pipe foot.

L. Length, measured along the foot, the-

refore not plumb (see sketch).


Visual L. Length measurement parallel to the body’s center

axle, from the top side of the toe board (or the off-

set block) to the middle of the languid seam.

@ The values in the following columns are obtained from

this given distance from the middle of the languid seam.


Toe Ø Av. (3) Average of three measurements of inner foot

hole diameter taken at the same position (the gi-

ven values in the three adjacent columns).

vernier callipers.

5�

Wall Th. (100)

mech.

Pipe material thickness, measured mechanical-

ly, expressed in hundredths of millimeters.

thickness gauge.

Mouth C. Upper lip material thickness, taken at center.

Body Top L. Material thickness at the end, left side.

Body Top C. Material thickness at the end, at the middle front of the body.

Body Top R. Material thickness at the end, right side.

UL Upper lip

W. Width. If the lips have been scribed, the measure-

ment is taken at the center of the scribed lines. If

the lips are only pressed, the actual width is measu-

red unless the intended width is clearly detected.

ruler in half-millimeters or vernier callipers (de-

pending on the alloy, stiffness, etc.).

H. Height, taken from the lower edge of the upper lip (i.e., not

from the languid seam or the lower lip’s upper edge). If the lips

have been scribed, the measurement is taken at the center of

the scribed lines. If the lips are only pressed the actual height

is measured unless the intended height is clearly detected.



Cut-up Cut-up.

In cases where the upper lip has been changed and the cut-up

lowered, the measurement specifies the distance between the

soldering joint of the upper lip’s alteration and the lower lip’s

upper edge. Consequently, this measurement must be used

with caution, since the edges of the lips may have been “ti-

died up” more or less, before the lowering-piece was applied.



M. orig. Cut-up, measured at the middle of the lips: the distance

between the lower lip upper edge and the languid seam;

measured between the original metal and the metal

piece first soldered in for the lowering of the cut-up.

M. sec. Cut-up, measured at the middle of the lips: the dis-

tance between the lower lip upper edge and the languid

seam; measured between the metal piece first soldered

in for the lowering of the cut-up and a second (addi-

tional) soldered-in piece also for cut-up lowering.

M. pres. The present cut-up, measured between the second solde-

red-in piece’s lower edge and the lower lip’s upper edge.

LL Lower lip.

W. Width. See UL.



55

H. height. see ul.



Th. (100*) Thickness of lower lip, expressed in hundredths of milli-

meters. Paper strips with marks placed above the lip edge

and its thickness is estimated (various inaccuracies are due

to, for example, rounded/beveled outer and inner edges).

Dist. Block

– LL

Distance that the languid extends above the top of the cap.

Ww. W. (100*) Windway width, expressed in 100/1 larger than actual, measu-

red in the middle.

Measured in the same way as the lower lip thickness.

Lang. Languid.

Th. thickness.

thin paper strip marked with half-millimeters.

Ang. Languid angle.

Nicks Number of nicks.

Counterface Counterface.

Beard Side beards.



W. Width.

H. Height.

Pos. Position.

Distance from the lower edge of the be-

ard to the middle of the languid seam.

Hook Position Measured from the top edge of the cap

or the languid solder seam.

5�

5.9.2 reed PiPes

Fig. 53

Fig. 54

5�

MainTitle Subtitle ExplanationandMethod

Wooden re-

sonator

Wooden resonators.

ruler in millimeters or a tape measure and a vernier callipers.

Tot. L. Total length.

W. I B. (OD) Width I taken at the B=bottom, OD=Outer Dimension.

W. I T. (ID) Width I taken at the T=top, ID=Inner Dimension.

W. (OD) B. @ Outer width at the bottom, measured from the given dis-

tance from the point of the foot (which is rounded).

Toe hole I Toe hole measurement, I=the first of two or more.

vernier callipers.

Block Block.

Dist. 1–14 The distances appear in Fig. 37.

vernier callipers.

Dist. 12 Diameter of the shaft in the block.

Dist. 13 Inner diameter of the tube, at the bottom of the block.

Dist. 14 Inner diameter of the tube, inside along

the lower surface to Dist. 8.

Shallot Shallot.

vernier callipers.

Ø B. (OD) Diameter at the bottom, the outer dimension.

Ø T. (OD) Diameter at the top, the outer dimension.

Depth B. (OD) Depth, at the bottom, the outer dimension.

Depth T. (OD) Depth, at the top, the outer dimension.

Brass Th. Thickness of the brass (in certain cases, wood thickness).

Cover plate Th. Thickness of the cover.

L. Length.

End Th. (Av.) Thickness of the plug in the end (estimated value).

Dist. Distance from the shallot’s lower edge to the lower surface

on the body; in other words, the lower surface of Dist. 9.

Tongue Thickness of the tongue.

vernier callipers.

W. B. Width, at the bottom.

Th. B. Thickness, at the bottom.

Th. T. Thickness, at the top.

Th. (under wire) Thickness measured under the tuning wire; in other words,

at about the middle of the tongue.

Dist. Distance from the lower edge of the tongue to the lower

edge of the shallot.

5�

6. data aquIsItIon system

6.1 general

ThedataaquisitionsystemisbasedonalaptopcomputerandMicrosoftExcelsoftware.Thismakesitpos-

sibletotypemeasurementvaluesandobservationsintoExceltablesdirectonsiteattheorgan.Itisalso

easytoaddcolumnstothetableswhennecessary.Severalpersonscanworkinparallelusingtheircompu-

ters(MacorPC)anditiseasytoputallresultstogetherintoonetableafterwards.Thefinalworkisreduced

toaminimumbecausethetablescanbeprintedoutastheyareortheycanbeinsertedintoadocumen-

tationreport.Itisalsopossibletomakeamathematicalanalysisofthemeasureddatausingthebuilt-in

functionsinExcel.AnorgandatabasehasbeendevelopedwithinGOArtandthedocumentationdatacan

easilybemovedfromExceltablesintodatabasetables.

Itisalsopossibletoconnectmeasuringequipmentstothelaptopcomputerfordirectinputofmeasure-

mentdataintoExceltables.ThiswasimplementedusingthesoftwareMeasure(apluginsoftwaremodule

for Excel which makes it possible to transfer data from the computer input channels to an Excel table)

togetherwithsoftwarefunctionsinExcel(usingmacrofunctionsandthesoftwarelanguageVisualBasic).

Theconceptisusedwhenmeasuring:

�.Dimensionsusingacalliper.

�.Pipewallthicknessusingtheultrasonicequipment(DMS).

�.Organwindpressuredynamicbehaviourandbellowscharacteristics.

Thissolutionmakesitpossibletotransfervaluesfromthemeasuringequipmenttothedocumentation

reportwithoutmanualinput,whichsavestimeandeliminatestheriskoftypingerrors.

6.2 equipment

Thedataaquisitionsystemconsistsofthefollowingparts:

Laptopcomputer:

Type:ToshibaSatellitePro��00

SerialNo:��5�GSS��0-0

Software:

Excel(Microsoft)

Measure(Nationalinstruments)

Exceldocumentswithmacrostoenabletheimportofmeasurementvaluestothedocument.

Interface:

Type:MitutoyoDMX�

S/N:AB0�0�0�0�

Remark:ForconnectionofacallipertothePC.

Type:Footswitch(Mitutoyo)

Remark:TotrigthetransferofthemeasurementvaluefromthecallipertothePC.

Type:PCcardDAQCard-��00(NationalInstruments)

No:��0H-0�

Remarks:Formeasuringanaloguesignals(i.e.windpressure).

5�

6.3 measurement setup

Fig. 55

Fig. 56

Fig. 57

�0

6.4 user manual

HowtousetheDMS(Fig.5�)andtheMitutoyocallipertogetherwithaPC.

general infoTheDMSandMitutoyoExceldocumentshaveabuiltinfunctionwhichmakesitpossibletoconnectthe

DMSthicknessmeasuringequipmentoraMitutoyocalliperdirecttothePCandtotransferthemeasured

valuesdirectintotheExcelspreadsheet.

using the dms instrumentConnecttheDMStothePCserialportusingtheDMScable.TurnonthecomputerandstartExcel.Usethe

DMSExceldocumentwhenyoudefinethetable.Donotforgettorenamethedocument.

�.Selectthecellwhereyouwanttostorethefirstmeasuredvalue.

�.Press“Ctrl+Shift+T”.

�.Answerthequestionaboutthe“numberoflevels”youaregoingtousewhenyoumeasurethepipe.

�.StarttomeasureandsendthevaluesfromtheDMSbypressingthe“Send”pushbuttonontheDMS.

5.Ifyouwanttoquitthemeasuringorskipavalue:press“Q”andanswerthequestion.

Thecomputerwillautomaticallycalculatethemeanvalueforeachlevelandquitthemeasuringsession

whenalllevelsonthepipearemeasured.Repeat(�)-(5)foreachpipe.

Fig. 58

TroubleshootingIfyousendavaluefromtheDMSbutnothinghappensinthespreadsheet:

�.Quitthemeasuring(see(5)above).

�.Select“Instruments”underthe“Serial”menu.

�.Clickonthe“Test”button.

�.SendavaluefromtheDMS.

5.Clickon“ReadSerialPort”.NowacharacterstringshouldappearintheReceivefield.Ifnothinghap-

pens:repeat(�)and(5).

�.ClickontheOKbutton,returntothespreadsheetandstartthemeasuring.Ifnothinghappensoryou

getstrangeerrormessagesquitandrestartExcel.

��

using the mitutoyo calliperConnectthecallipertoinputno.�ontheinterface(whiteboxwithapushbuttonontop).Connectthein-

terfacetothePCserialport.Turnontheinterface(pushbuttononthesideofthebox).TurnonthePCand

startExcel.UsetheMitutoyoortheMitutspecialExceldocumentwhenyoudefinethetable.Donotforget

torenamethedocument.

Youcanchooseifyouwanttofillinthetablebyroworbycolumn.

TheMitutspecialdocumentisaversionwhereyoucandefineanoffsetvalue.Thisoffsetvaluewillbe

addedtoallmeasuredvalues.ThisisusefulwhenyouusethecalliperNTD��P-�5Cforinnerdiametermea-

surements.

YousettheoffsetvalueinthefirststatementinthemacrosinthesheetsModul�andModul�(seethe

instructionsinthesesheets).

fill the table by row:�.Selectthecellwhereyouwanttostorethefirstmeasuredvalue.

�.Press“Ctrl+Shift+H”.

�.Starttomeasureandsendthevaluesfromthecalliperbypressingthe“Data”pushbuttonorthe

connectedpedal.

�.Ifyouwanttochangetonextrow:senda“0”valuefromthecalliper.

5.Ifyouwanttoquitthemeasuringorjumptoanothercellinthetable:press“Q”andanswerthe

question.

fill the table by column:�.Selectthecellwhereyouwanttostorethefirstmeasuredvalue.

�.Press“Ctrl+Shift+V”.

�.Starttomeasureandsendthevaluesfromthecalliperbypressingthe“Data”pushbuttonorthe

connectedpedal.

�.Ifyouwanttochangetonextcolumn:senda“0”valuefromthecalliper.

5.Ifyouwanttoquitthemeasuringorjumptoanothercellinthetable:press“Q”andanswerthe

question.

TroubleshootingIfyousendavaluefromthecalliperbutnothinghappensinthespreadsheet:

�.Quitthemeasuring.

�.Select“Instruments”underthe“Serial”menu.

�.Clickonthe“Test”button.

�.Sendavaluefromthecalliper.

5.Clickon“ReadSerialPort”.NowacharacterstringshouldappearintheReceivefield.Ifnothing

happens:repeat(�)and(5).

�.ClickontheOKbutton,returntothespreadsheetandstartthemeasuring.Ifnothinghappensor

yougetstrangeerrormessagesquitandrestartExcel.Whenyouusethepedalthelightindicatoron

theinterfacewillblink.

��

6.5 excel macros

Input from dms instrumentThisistheExcelmacrofordirecttransferofmeasurementvaluesintoanExceltablefromaDMSinstru-

ment.

‘

‘Dms�Makro

‘Makrotinspelat��-��-��avCarlJohanBergsten

‘

‘

SubDms�()

DimresultAsInteger

DimresAsDouble

DimanswerAsString

DimRAsInteger

DimCAsInteger

DimNAsInteger

DimMAsInteger

DimLAsInteger

DimKAsInteger

R=ActiveCell.Row

C=ActiveCell.Column

L=Application.InputBox(Prompt:=”Enternumberoflevels”,Type:=�)

K=�*(L-�)

ForM=0ToKStep�

ForN=0To�

Range(Cells(R,C+M+N),Cells(R,C+M+N)).Select

result=Application.Run(“RunTask”,“Thickness”,“Blad�!a�”)

Ifresult=-�00�Then

answer = Application.InputBox(Prompt:=”Enter q = quit program or just click OK = skip cell”,

Type:=�)

Ifanswer=“q”Oranswer=“Q”Then

ExitSub

Else

ActiveCell.Offset(R-�,C+M+N-�).Range(“A�”).Select

EndIf

Else

ForI=�To50

Beep

NextI

ActiveCell.ReplaceWhat:=”“,Replacement:=”’”,LookAt:=xlPart,_

SearchOrder:=xlByRows,MatchCase:=True

ActiveCell.ReplaceWhat:=”’”,Replacement:=””,LookAt:=xlPart,_

SearchOrder:=xlByRows,MatchCase:=False

��

ActiveCell.ReplaceWhat:=”.”,Replacement:=”,”,LookAt:=xlPart,_


res=ActiveCell.Value

ActiveCell.Value=res

Range(“A�”).Select

Selection.NumberFormat=“0.00”

Selection.Cut

ActiveCell.Offset(R-�,C+M+N-�).Range(“A�”).Select

ActiveSheet.Paste

EndIf

NextN

ActiveCell.Offset(0,�).Range(“A�”).Select

ActiveCell.FormulaR�C�=“=AVERAGE(RC[-�],RC[-�],RC[-�])”

WithSelection.Interior

.ColorIndex=��

.Pattern=xlSolid

EndWith

NextM

Range(Cells(R+�,C),Cells(R+�,C)).Select

EndSub

��

Input from calliper into table columnsThisistheExcelmacrofordirecttransferofmeasurementvaluesintotablecolumnsfromacalliper.

‘

‘CalipreadvMakro

‘Makrotinspelat��-0�-�0avCarlJohanBergsten

‘

‘Kortkommando:Ctrl+Skift+V

‘

PrivateRAsInteger

PrivateCAsInteger

PrivateMAsInteger

PrivateNAsInteger

SubCalipreadv()

DimresultAsInteger

DimresAsDouble

DimanswerAsString

DimIAsInteger

M=0

N=0

R=ActiveCell.Row

C=ActiveCell.Column

Do

Do

Range(Cells(R+M,C+N),Cells(R+M,C+N)).Select

result=Application.Run(“RunTask”,“Caliper”,“a�:a�”)


ActiveCell.Offset(R+M-�,C+N-�).Range(“A�”).Select

answer=Application.InputBox(prompt:=”Enterq=quitprogramors=selectcell”,default:=”s”,

Left:=��0,Top:=-�5,Type:=�)

Ifanswer=“s”Oranswer=“S”Then

SetmyCell=Application.InputBox(prompt:=”Selectcell”,Left:=��0,Top:=-�5,Type:=�)

myCell.Select

Newposv

Else


ExitSub

EndIf

EndIf

Else

ActiveCell.ReplaceWhat:=”0�A+”,Replacement:=”’”,LookAt:=xlPart,_


ActiveCell.ReplaceWhat:=”0�A-”,Replacement:=”’”,LookAt:=xlPart,_

�5


















IfActiveCell.Value<0.0�ThenExitDo

If(ActiveCell.Value=��)Or(ActiveCell.Value=��)Or(ActiveCell.Value=��)Then

ActiveCell.Value=0

Else

Selection.Cut

Do

IfRows(R+M).Hidden=TrueThen

M=M+�

Else

ExitDo

EndIf

Loop


ActiveSheet.Paste

ForI=�To�0

Beep

NextI

M=M+�

EndIf

EndIf

Loop

N=N+�

��

M=0

ForI=�To�00

Beep

NextI

Loop

EndSub

‘

‘NewposvMakro

‘Makrotinspelat��-0�-��avCarlJohanBergsten

‘

‘

SubNewposv()

DimresultAsInteger

DimresAsDouble

DimanswerAsString

DimRnewAsInteger

DimCnewAsInteger

Rnew=ActiveCell.Row

Cnew=ActiveCell.Column



Else

ForI=�To�0

Beep

NextI













��










Else

Selection.Cut

ActiveCell.Offset(Rnew-�,Cnew-�).Range(“A�”).Select

ActiveSheet.Paste

answer=Application.InputBox(prompt:=”Enterb=gobackorc=continue”,default:=”c”,Left:=��0,

Top:=-�5,Type:=�)

Ifanswer=“c”Oranswer=“C”Then

R=Rnew

C=Cnew

M=�

N=0

EndIf

EndIf

EndIf

EndSub

��

Input from calliper into table rowsThisistheExcelmacrofordirecttransferofmeasurementvaluesintotablerowsfromacalliper.

‘

‘CalipreadhMakro


‘

‘Kortkommando:Ctrl+Skift+H

‘

PrivateRAsInteger

PrivateCAsInteger

PrivateMAsInteger

PrivateNAsInteger

SubCalipreadh()

DimresultAsInteger

DimresAsDouble

DimanswerAsString

DimIAsInteger

M=0

N=0

R=ActiveCell.Row

C=ActiveCell.Column

Do

Do









myCell.Select

Newposh

Else


ExitSub

EndIf

EndIf

Else




��


















IfActiveCell.Value<0.0�ThenExitDo


ActiveCell.Value=0

Else

Selection.Cut

Do

IfColumns(C+N).Hidden=TrueThen

N=N+�

Else

ExitDo

EndIf

Loop


ActiveSheet.Paste

ForI=�To�0

Beep

NextI

N=N+�

EndIf

EndIf

Loop

M=M+�

�0

N=0

ForI=�To�00

Beep

NextI

Loop

EndSub

‘

‘NewposhMakro


‘

‘

SubNewposh()

DimresultAsInteger

DimresAsDouble

DimanswerAsString

DimRnewAsInteger

DimCnewAsInteger

Rnew=ActiveCell.Row




Else

ForI=�To�0

Beep

NextI













��










Else

Selection.Cut

ActiveCell.Offset(Rnew-�,Cnew-�).Range(“A�”).Select

ActiveSheet.Paste




R=Rnew

C=Cnew

M=0

N=�

EndIf

EndIf

EndIf

EndSub

��

Input from calliper into table columns with offset valueThisistheExcelmacrofordirecttransferofmeasurementvaluesintotablecolumnsfromacalliper.An

offsetvalue(inmm)willbeaddedtoeachmeasurementvalue.

‘

‘CalipreadvMakro

‘Makrotinspelat��-0�-�0avCarlJohanBergsten

‘

‘Kortkommando:Ctrl+Skift+V

‘

‘Värdetpåoffsetkommerattläggastillallauppmättavärden.

‘Offset-värdetangesinedanståenderad.Omnyttvärdeönskas:ändrahärochpå

‘motsvarandeställeiModul�.

ConstoffsetAsDouble=�

PrivateRAsInteger

PrivateCAsInteger

PrivateMAsInteger

PrivateNAsInteger

SubCalipreadv()

DimresultAsInteger

DimresAsDouble

DimanswerAsString

DimIAsInteger

M=0

N=0

R=ActiveCell.Row

C=ActiveCell.Column

Do

Do




ActiveCell.offset(R+M-�,C+N-�).Range(“A�”).Select





myCell.Select

Newposv

Else


ExitSub

EndIf

EndIf

��

Else


















ActiveCell.Value=res+offset



IfActiveCell.Value<0.0�+offsetThenExitDo

If(ActiveCell.Value=��+offset)Or(ActiveCell.Value=��+offset)Or(ActiveCell.Value=��+off-

set)Then

ActiveCell.Value=0

Else

Selection.Cut

Do

IfRows(R+M).Hidden=TrueThen

M=M+�

Else

ExitDo

EndIf

Loop


ActiveSheet.Paste

ForI=�To�0

��

Beep

NextI

M=M+�

EndIf

EndIf

Loop

N=N+�

M=0

ForI=�To�00

Beep

NextI

Loop

EndSub

‘

‘NewposvMakro


‘

‘

SubNewposv()

DimresultAsInteger

DimresAsDouble

DimanswerAsString

DimRnewAsInteger

DimCnewAsInteger

Rnew=ActiveCell.Row




Else

ForI=�To�0

Beep

NextI









�5














set)Then

Else

Selection.Cut

ActiveCell.offset(Rnew-�,Cnew-�).Range(“A�”).Select

ActiveSheet.Paste




R=Rnew

C=Cnew

M=�

N=0

EndIf

EndIf

EndIf

EndSub

��

Input from calliper into table rows with offset valueThisistheExcelmacrofordirecttransferofmeasurementvaluesintotablerowsfromacalliper.Anoffset

value(inmm)willbeaddedtoeachmeasurementvalue.

‘

‘CalipreadhMakro


‘

‘Kortkommando:Ctrl+Skift+H

‘

‘Värdetpåoffsetkommerattläggastillallauppmättavärden.

‘Offset-värdetangesinedanståenderad.Omnyttvärdeönskas:ändrahärochpå

‘motsvarandeställeiModul�.

ConstoffsetAsDouble=�

PrivateRAsInteger

PrivateCAsInteger

PrivateMAsInteger

PrivateNAsInteger

SubCalipreadh()

DimresultAsInteger

DimresAsDouble

DimanswerAsString

DimIAsInteger

M=0

N=0

R=ActiveCell.Row

C=ActiveCell.Column

Do

Do









myCell.Select

Newposh

Else


ExitSub

EndIf

��

EndIf

Else





















IfActiveCell.Value<0.0�+offsetThenExitDo


set)Then

ActiveCell.Value=0

Else

Selection.Cut

Do

IfColumns(C+N).Hidden=TrueThen

N=N+�

Else

ExitDo

EndIf

Loop


ActiveSheet.Paste

��

ForI=�To�0

Beep

NextI

N=N+�

EndIf

EndIf

Loop

M=M+�

N=0

ForI=�To�00

Beep

NextI

Loop

EndSub

‘

‘NewposhMakro


‘

‘

SubNewposh()

DimresultAsInteger

DimresAsDouble

DimanswerAsString

DimRnewAsInteger

DimCnewAsInteger

Rnew=ActiveCell.Row




Else

ForI=�To�0

Beep

NextI








��















set)Then

Else

Selection.Cut

ActiveCell.offset(Rnew-�,Cnew-�).Range(“A�”).Select

ActiveSheet.Paste




R=Rnew

C=Cnew

M=0

N=�

EndIf

EndIf

EndIf

EndSub

�0

aPPendIx 1: VersIon uPdates

• versIon 1.0: fIrsT versIon• versIon 2.0: chapTer 4 enlarged wITh measuremenT descrIpTIons,

drawIngs and Tables.• versIon 3.0: new chapTer (no. 3) on measuremenT accuracY added.

Therefore renumberIng of succedIng chapTers. addITIon In chapTer 4 abouT specIal equIpmenT handlIng(4.2.3–4.2. ).

��

aPPendIx 2: aBBreVIatIons In aLPhaBetIcaL order

Thefollowingabbreviationsarefoundinthedrawingsandtables.Pleasenotethatsomeoftheabbrevia-

tionsrefertomorethanoneterm;themeaningshouldbeapparentfromthecontext:

Ang. angle

Av. average

B. body

B. bottom

C. center

Calc. calculated

Circ. circumference

Dist. distance

H. height

h. horizontal(scrapingdirection)

ID innerdimension

L. length

L. left

Lang. languid

Long. longest

M. middle

Mech. mechanical(ly)

M:th mouth

OD outerdimension

Orig. original,originalmaterial

Part. Partial,aportionofthepipebody.Inthecaseofseveralparts,theyarecalculatedfromthe

languidseamorfromthebottomanduptowardthetop.

Pos. position

Pres. present

R. right

Rem. remarks

Sec. secondary

Short. shortest

T. top

T. thickness(appearsonthesketches)

Tot. total

Th. thickness

v. vertical(scrapingdirection)

Visual visual,visible

W. width

Ww. windway

@ at;measuringpoint

Ø diameter

~ approximately,oranestimatedmeasurement,difficulttoderivefrommeasuingtools,

slantedattheside,theso-called”parallelaxleaffect,”etc.

() themeasurementiscalculatedfromrelativemeasurements

[arrows]arrowsindicatethatthereisaleveldifferenceinthedepth-measurementsbetweenthemarked

objects

��

references

peter sjömar, erik hansen, hans ponnert, ola storslettenByggnadsuppmätning

Historikochpraktik

Stockholm:Riksantikvarieämbetet,�000

karin andersson, agneta hildebrandByggnadsarkeologiskundersökning

Detmuradehuset

�:arevupplagan

Stockholm:Riksantikvarieämbetet,�00�

organ documentation manual - gupea: home · organ documentation manual niclas fredriksson, ... 5.4...

Documents