The Oregon Project for Blind and Visually Impaired Preschoolers - Skills Inventory

The Oregon Project For Visually Impaired & Blind Preschool Children

Skills Inventory

Cognitive

Birth - 1 Year

alerts to daily tactual/visual/auditory/movement stimulation bats at toys suspended above crib in order to see or hear something interesting touches new objects inquisitively plays with own hands or feet anticipates some familiar daily events based on sensory cues combines three or more behaviors when exploring a toy (e.g., shakes, mouths, pats) indicates desire to continue a familiar activity shared with adult by movement and/or

vocalization

puts down one object deliberately to reach for another plays with toys by taking advantage of the best characteristics of each: rolls ball, shakes

bell, crumples paper

removes object from container by reaching inside moves (scoots or crawls) to obtain object when given a visual or auditory clue puts one object into another (discovers the concept of containers)

1- 2 Years

puts many objects into a container before removing any opens container with lid to find sound-maker (ticking clock, music box) touches 1-3 body parts on request (e.g., nose, mouth, tummy) shows anticipation of events when verbal cue is provided (hears lets go outside and

goes to coat closet)

shows preference in choice of toys shows curiosity about a new toy demonstrates concept of up/down by moving self or object (put the spoon down or

hold your hand up high)

gives or touches 5 specific objects on request explores cabinets and drawers in own home selects, from group of 3, object identical to given object (eg., shoes, spoons, cups)

2 -3 Years

demonstrates simple problem-solving (eg., uses tool to obtain object which is out of reach)

demonstrates the use of familiar objects on request (hairbrush, crayon) matches big/little objects (identical in every other way) finds/touches big/little objects on request matches shapes (circle, square, triangle)

Cognitive (contd)

understands and gives just one finds object when function is described (show me the one you brush your teeth with) demonstrates the concept of two touches smaller body parts (fingers, thumb, toes) on request touches body part when function is described (show me what you hear with) tells age verbally, or holds up fingers names 2-3 familiar musical toys and instruments by their sound names one color when asked (names, not recognizes or matches) sorts 3 kinds of dissimilar objects sorts similar objects by size, shape, or color

3 - 4 Years

names 10 body parts turns to face an object/person on request touches top, bottom, front, back, and sides of an object on request identifies common environmental features indoors/outdoors (chairs, stairs, door, window,

sidewalk, lawn)

names object not present when function is described matches sound containers (beans, rice, marbles) names objects as same/different tells which objects go together (shoes/socks, spoon/plate) touches 3 named shapes on request (circle, square, triangle) names shapes arranges 3 items horizontally in order by size tells if object is heavy or light tells if object is long or short matches 1:1 (1 plate, 1 napkin, 1 child, 1 cookie) tells how many objects in a set (1-3) after counting matches simple sequence or pattern of 5 blocks, beads or pegs

4 - 5 Years

tells own age comprehends concepts of today, last night, yesterday, tomorrow when discussed with

adult

identifies weather as rainy, sunny, snowy, warm, cold tells whether sound is loud/soft, high/low, long/short touches own complex body parts on request (wrist, shoulder, ankle, waist) moves body planes in relation to flat surface (put your back against the wall) touches and names left/right on own body places objects over/above, under/below, upon/inside, through, and away from other

objects on request

sorts similar household objects (silverware, clothing)

Cognitive (contd)

arranges objects into at least 3 groups (things to eat, wear, or play with) identifies picture/object which does not belong in group identifies objects as long/short, hard/soft, rough/smooth places 5 objects in horizontal arrangement by size rote counts to 10 counts objects from 1-10 gives no objects when asked for zero touches first, middle, last items in a row finds matching symbol (printed/raised outline) of geometric shapes tells whether 2 symbols are the same or different recognizes own name in print or braille puts 5 objects in pattern from memory (using alternating colors or shapes)

5 - 6 Years

states full name, address, and phone number states full name of at least one parent states month and date of own birthday names 10 colors (tell me all the colors you know) item does not require vision identifies penny, nickel, dime names days of the week in order answers which is longer, a minute or an hour? A day or a week? places objects across from, next to, beside, behind, in front of, to the side, left and right of

self on request

places objects across from, next to, beside, behind, in front of, to the side, left and right of other objects facing in the same direction of self

arranges 4-5 objects in sequence by length, width, or height identifies half and whole objects creates sets of objects of up to 5 names numerals 1 to 10 when presented matches numerals with same quantity of objects, 1 to 10 names ordinal position of objects (first, second, third) names numerals 11 to 20 when presented write numerals (print or braille) 1 to 20 in proper sequence rote counts to 100 identifies sets containing more/less using real objects, adds and subtracts combinations up to 3 states letters of the alphabet in order finds symbol that is different in a line of like symbols reads own first and last name identifies letters of the alphabet when presented (upper case, lower case, upper/lower

mixed)

reads 5-10 simple words

Cognitive (contd)

names object beginning with given consonant sound gives consonant sound of selected letters copies upper and lower case letters from flashcards (print or braille) copies two short words writes letters from dictation (upper and lower case)

Language

Birth - 1 Year

has separate cry for different discomforts (hungry, wet, or tired) responds pleasurably to sound of human voice coos and gurgles repeats own sound imitates a familiar babbling sound repeats same syllable 2-3 times (ma ma ma) responds to simple phrases with specific non-verbal response (want a drink? and child

turns head away; lets go for a ride:, child gets excited)

combines two different syllables in vocal play (da-dee, or ma-mee) vocalizes to gain attention imitates vocal intonation patterns of others uses single word appropriately (hot or cookie) vocalizes 5 or more syllables in response to speech of another person follows simple verbal direction accompanied by gestures or physical cue (give me your

hands)

1 - 2 Years

says 5 different words combines use of words and gestures to make wants known uses one-word sentences as requests (drink or water) asks for more in 3 appropriate situations follows 3 different one-step directions given without gestures names familiar objects, people, pets, when asked asks for common food items by name (milk, cookie, cracker) asks questions using a rising intonation at end of word or phrase answers yes or no when asked a question names parts of own face: ear, nose, mouth, eye, cheek

2 - 3 Years

repeats a series of two digits or words in same order uses word for bathroom need names 2-3 animals, 2-3 items of clothing follows directions involving personal pronouns (give it to her) combines two words to express request (drink water) tells own current activity (eat cookie, go potty) combines two words to express possession (daddy car) gives more than one object when asked using plural form (blocks) names 10 objects or places (kitchen, sink, porch) articulates words beginning with the following consonants; p, b, m, h, w, n responds to two-part simple request (pick up your blocks and put them in the toy box) responds to questions using ing verb form (running)

Language (contd)

uses regular plural forms (book/books) asks questions beginning with what, where, or when controls voice volume (whispers or uses loud voice) speaks in three-word sentences uses I, me, mine, rather than own name articulates words beginning with these consonants: k, g, t, d responds to who questions uses is in statements (this is a ball) uses possessive forms of nouns (daddys) occasionally uses articles the and a

3 - 4 Years

uses relative pronouns: that, this, these, those uses some adverbs (fast, now, too) uses open or closed as descriptors (the door is closed) uses some irregular past tense forms consistently (did, went, was) uses is at the beginning of questions appropriately repeats simple rhymes, songs, and fingerplays with words and actions tells first and last name when requested uses personal pronouns: he, she, it, they, you repeats a series of 3 digits or words in same order uses 3 descriptive words appropriately when presented with objects (sticky, bumpy) uses regular passt tense forms (jumped) tells about personal state (hungry, thirsty, tired) expresses future occurrences with going to, have to, and will tells function of common objects (what do you do with a spoon? You eat with it) answers simple how questions (how do you go to a store? In a car) uses 3 common irregular plurals (men, feet, children) tells two events in order of occurance

4 - 5 Years

tells function of mouth, nose, eyes, ears, legs, feet answers where questions with prepositional phrases using in, on, and under (in the

cup, under the table)

uses not to show negation (this is not a pencil) uses contractions (cant, dont, wont) speaks in well-structured 4-, 5-, and 6-word sentences (daddy drove the car to town) carries out a series of 3 directions in correct sequence uses possessive pronouns: his, hers, theirs, its, yours uses could and would in speech tells what to do when sick, cold, hungry, etc. uses compound sentences

Language (contd)

uses sister, brother, grandmother, grandfather to identify family members tells familiar story in own words (without pictures for clues) tells if 2 words sound the same or not the same (car-car, dog-banana) tells whether or not 2 words rhyme tells which of 3 words does not belong (banana, apple, car) repeats 5 rhymes, songs, and fingerplays for others

5 - 6 Years

uses complex sentences (he wants to come in because...) uses quantitative words (many, few, some, most, least) changes word order appropriately to ask questions answers why questions with explanation asks meaning of new or unfamiliar words uses time words (yesterday, last night, tomorrow) completes simple analogies (summer is hot, winter is ______ ) describes similarities/differences in objects (coat and shoe, potato and rock, tree and

flower)

names objects which belong to a certain class; begins to use class names (toys, food, animals)

tells activities associated with seasons of the year predicts what will happen next in familiar story answers 3 questions about a short story retells an original story in correct sequence tells an original story lasting 1-2 minutes repeats familiar jokes tells 3 words which rhyme with a given word plays verbal reasoning game (Im thinking of something...) explains rules of simple board or card games to others

Socialization

Birth - 1 Year

cuddles or snuggles when held by familiar person shows recognition of family members voices by vocalizing, smiling or ceasing to cry pats or pulls at adult features reaches for familiar person when spoken to occupies self without crying for 10 minutes (adult in same room) shows response to own name plays unattended for 10 minutes (adult in different room) plays 2 interactive games (peek-a-boo, pat-a-cake) hugs or kisses familiar persons directs vocalization to people and toys momentarily upset when parents leave, but soon resumes activities plays independently beside another child repeats actions which get laughter and attention participates in finger plays with adult attempts simple chore (carries plastic dish, helps put toy away) takes part in simple game with another child or adult (rolling ball, pushing cars) initiates own play activities begins to enjoy book/story time with adult pulls at another person to gain attention waits up to 5 minutes for needs to be met (in high chair, car, etc.) shares object/food with one other child when requested

2 - 3 Years

plays with 2-3 peers with adult supervision pets and interacts with 2-3 different animals shows awareness of routine by preparing for next activity without reminder (goes to table

at lunch)

spontaneously joins in when familiar song or rhyme is heard attempts to help adult with more complicated tasks (holds dustpan, wipes table) enjoys hearing familiar stories repeated; tries to participate in story telling says please when reminded greets familiar people without reminder becomes aware of sex difference

3 - 4 Years

attends to stories or poems for 5 minutes holds another childs hand while walking follows rules in games led by adult says thank you when reminded plays near and talks with other children (may be mostly involved in solitary activity) takes turns with 2-3 children

Socialization (contd)

cooperates with adult request most of the time copies adult activities (pretends to cook or mow the lawn) identifies self as boy or girl identifies own personal possession engages in imaginative play with other children begins to prefer children to adults

4 - 5 Years

works alone at desired activity for 15-20 minutes adapts to changes in routine/environment (sleeps in different bed without fuss) seeks and accepts help when needed faces person with whom s/he is speaking waits up to 15 minutes for needs to be met begins to participate in group conversations tells roles of family members (mother is a doctor, brothers go to school) occasionally says please, thank you, excuse me or Im sorry without reminder listens to and follows directions given to group as a whole

5 - 6 Years

asks permission to play with another childs toy responds to verbal reasoning contributes own ideas to family or peer discussions cooperates with 2-5 children in simple project participates in simple board or card games selects own playmates comforts playmates in distress moves to appropriate area in classroom and finds an empty place (on the rug, at the table) explains relationship of family members (uncle Bob is daddys brother) practices some good health habits which have been taught answers telephone; calls for adult or talks to familiar person remains silent at appropriate times (when someone is talking)

Vision

Birth - 1 Year

stares at source of light visually begins to explore surroundings; momentarily focus (5-10 sec.) on variety of

objects

visually shifts attention between 2 objects regards own hands tracks objects moving horizontally and vertically has visually-directed reach and grasp visually examines objects held in own hand rescues toy dropped within reach while sitting, tracks a toy moving across the table turns to look for objects out of view looks after toys which fall to the floor when child is sitting in chair removes cover toy obtain toy which was hidden responds appropriately to familiar gestures of adult

1 - 2 Years

interested in pictures in books and turns books right side up interested in things which roll: balls, cars reaches or moves behind barrier to obtain toy inverts bottle to obtain raisin inside matches real objects to picture (may be identical) matches 5 objects to picture (not quite identical) interested in marking paper with crayons/markers imitates isolated marks and circular motion with crayon/marker momentarily interested in T.V. visually searches for missing object or person

2 - 3 Years

stacks 8-9 small cubes points to pictures representing named action locates a requested picture in a familiar book imitates adult making vertical and horizontal lines with a pencil/crayon imitates circle with pencil or crayon matches colors (red, yellow, blue, black, white) assembles 2 halves of cut-out cardboard circle to make whole matches similar pictures (colored, realistic drawings or photos) paints with brush; lines, dots, circular shapes imitates V-stroke and H-stroke

Vision (contd)

3 - 4 Years

names pictures as same/different names or describes simple action pictures names 3 colors when shown samples matches a solid shape to a picture of a shape points to detail in picture of several objects identifies missing arm or leg in picture of person assembles simple wooden puzzle of 3-5 pieces which touch and form one entire picture builds 3-piece bridge with blocks imitates adult drawing these shapes; + , O , V, H, T traces over shape outline with crayon copies shapes (child has not seen them being made); + , O , V, H, T

4 - 5 Years

names 5 colors when shown samples recalls 4 objects in seen in a picture book tells what is missing from a group of 5 objects points to pictures in left-to-right, top-to-bottom sequence names missing part of picture or object draws a person with at least 2 body parts colors within the lines cuts out 2" triangle, 6" square completes inset puzzle of 6-10 pieces which touch and form one entire picture completes puzzle of 4-6 interlocking pieces arranges 3 pictures in story sequence draws a diagonal line from corner to corner copies first name

5 - 6 Years

completes puzzle of 10-12 interlocking pieces recognizes pictures which differ by size or spatial position locates specific shape or detail in picture locates a hiddenobject in a picture (figure/ground) copies peg pattern from picture pattern adds missing parts to familiar pictures draws person with 6 parts; house with 3 parts paints recognizable pictures copies triangle draws shapes, letters, and numbers positioned correctly makes sequence of letters/numbers on worksheet in left-to-right sequence cuts along a curved line cuts out a simply drawn picture

Compensatory

Birth - 1 Year

explores textured surfaces by moving own hands and/or feet over them plays (splashes) in water plays with a variety of textured toys searches for and finds object which s/he dropped (object is still in contact with childs

body)

when part of familiar object touches hand, child recognizes and reaches for complete object

searches for and finds object which child has dropped when object does not touch body, but continues to make noise

reacts to tactile stimulation of arm or leg by moving only the stimulated limb reaches accurately in any direction to obtain noisy toy which has not yet been in childs

grasp

attempts to search for toy which falls out of contact with body when toy no continuous sound

explores food with fingers (oatmal, rice, pudding) participates in messy activities (fingerpaint, sand) independently moves about in familiar room; may or may not explore inquisitively walks barefoot in grass and variety of surfaces maintains contact with container while searching for objects to place inside after hand-over-hand demonstration, imitates an appropriate motion usually acquired by

visual imitation (rolls car on floor, stacks objects)

2 - 3 Years

identifies familiar objects, toys, foods identifies an object by its sound interested in books with textures or moveable parts matches textures (finds the same kind when given a choice of 2-3) independently explores familiar rooms in own home knows the arrangement of furniture, doors, stairs within own home maintains sustained search for dropped toy

3 - 4 Years

tactually discriminates among items with similar characteristics (childs own hairbrush from moms)

identifies activities by sound (closing door, washing dishes) and smell (bakery, gas station) in the home/neighborhood

understands where things belong within own home (toys in bedroom, food in kitchen) moves to destination quickly and easily within own home locates favorite play areas in own yard (swing, sandbox) assembles two parts of shape to make whole (may be wooden formboard)

Compensatory (contd)

sorts 2 kinds of tactually dissimilar objects (nuts from bolts, macaroni from dried peas) explores home-made tactual books with real objects, textures, shapes

4 - 5 Years

identifies location of sound as front/back, left/right, near/far, in relationship to own body faces activity when sitting or standing in group of children uses auditory/olfactory/terrain cues to orient self outside of own home (preschool,

grandmas house)

locates dropped object in immediate vicinity of feet sorts 2 kinds of similar objects which differ in only size or texture matches fabric swatches (group of 4) identifies 6 named textures/fabrics tells what object is missing from group of 4 identifies raised-line shapes in tactual book uses two hands t follow raised line of yarn or pipe cleaners on page in book tracks from left to right across 1-2 braille lines locates page with requested shape or item in familiar book attempts to read or follow along in braille book as adult reads aloud completes teacher-directed task using pushpins, stickers, crayons, etc.

5 - 6 Years

can be oriented to new rooms with some instruction moves to appropriate areas in classroom (where activity is happening) and finds an empty

place with little or no assistance

demonstrates correct use of sighted-guide technique inserts and removes cassette tape from tape player controls play, stop, and volume on tape player inserts headset jack and puts headphones on head finds beginning and end of braille line on page tracks smoothly across three lines of double-spaced braille tracks from top to bottom of 1-2 vertical lines locates long and short raised lines (comparison) locates, top, bottom, front, back, left, and right sides of page and book; locates corner of

page where page numbers are found

inserts and removes paper in braille writer pushes each embossing key separately and in combination with keys on braille writer demonstrates use of all parts of braille writer moves beads on an abacus for counting purposes inserts computer disk into drive, turns on computer and monitor plays simple computer game using space bar, return, and escape keys

Self-Help

Birth - 1 Year

sucks and swallows liquid opens mouth for breast or bottle swallows pureed food fed with a spoon puts one or both hands on bottle while drinking mouths blended or strained foods fed by spoon holds bottle independently while lying on back mouths and gums cookie or cracker drinks from cup when adult holds it bites off piece of food feeds self with fingers chews solid foods eats 3 new foods of different textures cooperates while being dressed: holds out arms and legs

1 - 2 Years

holds cup independently while drinking feeds self with spoon, some spillage chews well (meat, apples, cheese) uses only one hand to hold and drink from cup; picks it up and replaces it on table neatly locates and uses own cup, spoon, dish correctly removes socks and hat independently removes shoes when laces/straps are untied and loosened removes coat and pants when unfastened unzips zipper with minimal assistance cooperates when face and hands are washed sits on potty and occasionally urinates/defecates in it

2 - 3 Years

uses straw to sip liquid holds spoon with adult grasp pierces food with fork and brings to mouth pulls pants up and down with assistance takes off all clothing which has been unfastened unsnaps clothing puts on socks puts on coat or front opening shirt unbuttons large front buttons unbuckles belt or shoes zips engaged zipper on coat or sleeper indicates wet or soiled pants flushes toilet with reminder

Self-Help (contd)

has daytime control of bowel and bladder (may have occasional accident; may want or need assistance with clothing

washes hands with soap and water (needs assistance) dries hands with towel turns water faucet on and off brushes teeth (with assistance) helps bathe self attempts to get own drink (from refrigerator, water dispenser, or tap) avoids hazards when in familiar place (sharp corners, stairs, heaters) delivers item to appropriate room when asked (put your sweater away)

3 - 4 Years

peels 3 foods (banana, orange, egg) feeds self entire meal using spoon and fork serves self finger foods from platter orients clothing independently (front/back) puts on pants and pullover shirt independently fastens velcro straps (shoes, belts) snaps own clothing buttons own shirt or coat places own dirty clothing in hamper or box wakes from sleep during the night to use toilet; or stays dry all night wipes and blows own nose when reminded

4 - 5 Years

clears place at table cleans up spills, getting own cloth helps set table completes dressing/undressing independently (may still want or need minimal help with

fasteners)

puts belt through loops and buckles own belt or shoes puts coat on hanger and replaces hanger on bar wipes self after toileting completes toileting procedures correctly at home puts toothpaste on own toothbrush and brushes teeth combs/brushes own hair hangs up washcloth/towel at home uses paper towel dispenser in public washroom bathes self avoids known poisons (cleaners)

Self-Help (contd)

5 - 6 Years

regularly completes one task independently without adult supervision (may need reminder)

opens a variety of individual-serving sized drink containers (school milk, juice cans) pours juice, milk, etc. with little or no spilling cuts soft foods with knife; uses knife for spreading prepares simple foods for self (cold

cereal, a snadwich)

uses simple condiments (squeezable ketchup containers, salt & pepper shakers) passes and serves self food, using utensils places shoes on correct feet obtains own clothing from closet or drawer folds simple clothing and puts it away in drawer brushes teeth independently adjusts water temperature in sink or tub; prepares own bath makes own bed picks up own toys buckles own seat belt in car locates drinking fountain and restroom in familiar public place (school, church, etc.) uses dial or pushbutton phone to make a call walks to familiar location within a block of home independently (neighbors home,

playground)

Fine Motor

Birth - 1 Year

holds rattle with palmar grasp brings toy to mouth; explores toys with mouth shakes and pats objects with hands bangs objects against a hard surface puts both hands on a toy at midline picks up a small, soft toy from flat surface picks up small cube from table with thumb and 2 fingers transfers object from one hand to the other clasps hands uses two hands on a toy to stretch, tear, crumple isolates movements of one or two fingers: explores holes, pushes buttons or levers on

toys

picks up raisins or piece of cereal with pincer grasp begins to explore cardboard/soft plastic books

1 - 2 Years

manipulates objects with many moving parts (busy box) removes rings from stack, large pegs from board pulls apart pop-beads turns pages of book several at a time completes one-piece formboard stacks 2-3 blocks scribbles with crayon puts at least 4 rings on post, 4 pegs in board attempts to use mechanical means to activate a toy (pulls ring or turns knob of music box) places 5-6 objects through small opening )hole in lid of bottle or box) completes 3-piece formboard with circle, square, triangle puts together 3-part nesting toy

2 - 3 Years

pounds pegs with hammer strings large (one-inch) beads rolls, pats, pounds, pinches clay ball turns knobs on toys, T.V., stereo unscrews threaded objects turns pages of book one at a time puts fitted lids on bowls or pans unwraps small object tears paper into two strips pulls apart and puts together pop-beads or other snap-together toy screws together threaded objects (nuts and bolts, lids on jars)

Fine Motor (contd)

fingerpaints, making horizontal, vertical, and circular motions holds pencil with thumb and fingers in adult grasp

3 - 4 Years

points in specific direction on request isolates thumb movement (moves thumb without moving any other fingers) puts together 4-part nesting toy makes row of 5-6 pegs strings small (half-inch) beads snips scissors pastes scraps of construction paper traces around inside of template with pencil or crayon assembles 6-piece wooden puzzle with separate place for each piece opens doors, cabinets, drawers, windows with a variety of latches

4 - 5 Years

spreads fingers, touching thumb to each finger individually screws on 1" lid (ketchup bottle) wraps small object in paper or foil forms simple shapes with clay (ball, snake, pancake) builds with a variety of interlocking toys laces sewing cards uses pinch clothes pins to hang up artwork folds and creases paper horizontally, vertically pulls tape from dispenser and applies it to paper cuts along 8" straight line (print or raised)

5 - 6 Years

forms a circle with thumb and pointer finger; with both hands; and with arms extended shows appropriate number of fingers when asked for the numbers 0-10 creates simple things with clay (animals, baskets) uses paste or glue dispensed in a variety of ways (squeeze bottle, glue stick) uses pencil sharpener, stapler, eraser opens and closes large safety pin; pins 2 pieces of cloth together attaches 1 1/4" paper clip to paper traces simple print or raised line maze with crayon cuts out and pastes simple shapes folds square (napkin, paper) on diagonal hits nail with real hammer into soft wood

Gross Motor

Birth - 1 Year

moves head side to side, thrusts arms about, kicks vigorously while on back holds head up while on stomach holds head erect while being carried upright rolls from stomach to back bears weight on hands/forearms while on stomach, lifting head and chest off the floor grasps adults fingers and pulls to sitting position maintains sitting position with some support rolls from back to stomach sits self-supported for short periods while sitting, extends arms to protect self from falling moves into and out of sitting position independently stands with minimum support adult pulls to stand assumes hands-and-knees crawling position moves forward in space (creeps, crawls, scoots) reaches with one hand from crawl (maintains 3-point balance) steps sideways while holding on to stationary object stands unsupported momentarily lowers self from standing to sitting walks with one hand held

1 - 2 Years

moves from sitting to free standing takes a few steps without support walks independently walks around or over obstacles walks up stairs holding on to adults hand or railing squats and returns to standing picks up toy from floor without falling seats self in small chair climbs into adult chair, turns and sits rolls and tries to catch large ball propels self on toddler bike by pushing with feet on the ground runs without stumbling

2 - 3 Years

walks up stairs independently walks down stairs holding on to railing or adults hand jumps in place with both feet jumps from a height of 8" pedals tricycle

Gross Motor (contd)

pushes chair or stool to counter and climbs up somersaults forward climbs up and goes down a toddler slide stands up one foot momentarily walks up and down stairs, alternating feet climbs jungle gyms and ladders jumps forward repeatedly for a distance of 2-3 feet runs smoothly, with changes in speed and direction walks on tiptoes

3 - 4 Years

holds arms overhead, extended at shoulder level, or behind body for 15 seconds without tiring

walks backwards and sideways on request starts and stops locomotor movement on request marches to music throws tennis ball 10 feet catches thrown playground ball walks up to playground ball and kicks it balances on either foot for 5 seconds does standing broad jump (distance not important) keeps swing active when started (pumps)

4 - 5 Years

sits cross-legged or tailor style on floor follows a variety of directions involving moving the body with feet in one place (bend

sideways, squat down)

hangs from overhead bar with weight on arms pushes/pulls wagon or doll buggy walks forward on a 3-inch wide textured line for 10 feet walks forward short distance on balance beam jumps forward 10 consecutive times without falling jumps backwards does standing broad jump, 25 inches gallops hops on one foot 5 consecutive times throws ball/bean bag toward visual/auditory target bounces and catches bounced playground ball (one bounce) dribbles playground ball 2-4 feet

5 - 6 Years

walks in a line, either single file or with a partner joins hands with partner on both sides and steps forward/backward on request runs 40-50 yards without discomfort skips on alternating feet swings on swing, initiating and sustaining motion does log roll for 10 feet (continuous roll on mat, arms stretched overhead) performs backward somersault carries an object weighing 10-16 pounds moves from one overhead bar to another by swinging arms catches a thrown playground ball with both hands hits ball with bat or stick (child with visual impairment may use T) rides bicycle with training wheels or tandem bike jumps rope independently maintains balance while moving on skates or skis coordinates several motor skills in one activitiy (jumping jacks, relay races, circle game)