ordnance factory workshop

8/9/2019 Ordnance Factory Workshop

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WorkshopWorkshop

ononEnvironmental HealthEnvironmental Health

Hazards and SafetyHazards and Safety

onon

1313thth May 2009May 2009

atatOFC, KanpurOFC, Kanpur


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Environmental HealthEnvironmental HealthHazards and SafetyHazards and Safety

By :By :

Dr. Anurag TewariDr. Anurag TewariAssistant ProfessorAssistant Professor

Head, Department of ChemistryHead, Department of Chemistry

Pravneer Singh Academy of TechnologyPravneer Singh Academy of Technology

Kalpi Raod ,Bhauti, KanpurKalpi Raod ,Bhauti, Kanpur-- 2020

[email protected],[email protected]@rediffmail.com,[email protected]


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Your EnvironmentYour Environment

AirAir

WaterWater

SoilSoil

Bio MassBio Mass


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What are various things which areWhat are various things which are

affecting your health ?affecting your health ?


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Things in the environmentThings in the environment

that can affect your healththat can affect your health

ChemicalsChemicals -- in water and soilin water and soil

PlantsPlants -- allergensallergens

Air pollutionAir pollution

MetalsMetals -- lead and mercurylead and mercury

Sun exposureSun exposure


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Indoor Air QualityIndoor Air Quality

Dust & pet hair allergies and asthmaDust & pet hair allergies and asthma

22ndnd hand tobacco smoke emphysemahand tobacco smoke emphysema

Fine particlesFine particles

(asbestos, silica, graphite, coal) lung disease(asbestos, silica, graphite, coal) lung disease

Carbon monoxide deathCarbon monoxide death


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Outdoor Air QualityOutdoor Air Quality

OzoneOzone

Carbon monoxideCarbon monoxide


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Seasonal and NonSeasonal and Non--seasonal Allergensseasonal Allergensand Asthma Irritantsand Asthma Irritants

Cigarette smokeCigarette smoke

CockroachesCockroaches

Dust mitesDust mites

House dustHouse dust

MouldMould

PetsPets

PollenPollen


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Factors that Affect

River and Stream Water Quality

Runoff from localRunoff from localfarmsfarms -- increasesincreasesnitrate and phosphatenitrate and phosphatelevels in surface andlevels in surface andground water.ground water.

Sewage runoff fromSewage runoff fromseptic systemsseptic systems

(tanks), farms and(tanks), farms andwaste treatmentwaste treatmentplants.plants.

Acid rainAcid rain


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Water-borne Pathogenic Micro organismsPathogenic Micro organisms

Faecal coliformFaecal coliform

CryptosporidiumCryptosporidium

Vibrio choleraeVibrio cholerae

SalmonellaSalmonella

GiardiaGiardia

PhytoplanktonPhytoplankton


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LeadLead

PaintPaint

Leaded gasolineLeaded gasoline

Ceramic dishes &Ceramic dishes &

mugsmugs

Lead pipes andLead pipes and

soldersolder


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Children & LeadChildren & Lead

Lead paintLead paint --in homesin homes

prior to midprior to mid--1970s1970s

Lead in jewelleryLead in jewellery

Lead dust fromLead dust fromrenovation of homes,renovation of homes,

buildings and bridgesbuildings and bridges


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Symptoms ofLead PoisoningSymptoms ofLead Poisoning

HeadachesHeadaches

Muscle and joint weakness or painMuscle and joint weakness or painexcessive tiredness or lethargyexcessive tiredness or lethargy

Behavioural problems or irritabilityBehavioural problems or irritability Difficulty concentratingDifficulty concentrating

Loss of appetiteLoss of appetite

Metallic taste in the mouthMetallic taste in the mouth

Abdominal pain, nausea or vomitingAbdominal pain, nausea or vomiting

ConstipationConstipation


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MercuryMercury

Heavy metalHeavy metal

Found in thermometers andFound in thermometers and

batteriesbatteries

Contaminates water, soil, airContaminates water, soil, air

Impairs the neurological systemImpairs the neurological system


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Symptoms of Mercury PoisoningSymptoms of Mercury Poisoning

Psychological changePsychological change

Spontaneous abortionSpontaneous abortion

Congenital malformationCongenital malformation

( from birth defects)( from birth defects)

Damage brain and CNSDamage brain and CNS

Tremors ( paralysis )andTremors ( paralysis )and

gingivitis( infection of gums)gingivitis( infection of gums)


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CadmiumCadmium

By product ofzinc refiningBy product ofzinc refining

Marine and aerospaceMarine and aerospace

applicationsapplications

PigmentsPigments

Refined petroleum productsRefined petroleum products

Stabilizers for PVCStabilizers for PVC


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Symptoms of Cadmium poisoningSymptoms of Cadmium poisoning

Diarrhoea , stomach painDiarrhoea , stomach pain

Bone fractureBone fracture

Kidney damageKidney damage

Lungs damageLungs damage

Damage immune systemDamage immune system

Psychological disordersPsychological disorders


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ArsenicArsenic

Glass industryGlass industry

Wood preservativeWood preservative

Electronic goodsElectronic goods

Wind blown dustWind blown dust


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Symptoms of Arsenic poisoningSymptoms of Arsenic poisoning

Decreased production ofDecreased production of

RBCs and WBCsRBCs and WBCs

Skin changesSkin changes

Cancer developmentsCancer developments Infertility and miscarriagesInfertility and miscarriages

with womenwith women

Brain damageBrain damage


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ChromiumChromium

Steel and textile industrySteel and textile industry

Leather industryLeather industry

Electro platingElectro plating

Mining of chromiumMining of chromium


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Symptoms of chromium poisoningSymptoms of chromium poisoning

Carcinogenic activityCarcinogenic activity

Kidney and liver damageKidney and liver damage

Lung cancerLung cancer

Upset stomachUpset stomach

Skin rashesSkin rashes

Nose bleedingNose bleeding


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What are various environmental risks whichWhat are various environmental risks which

are creating adverse impact on environment ?are creating adverse impact on environment ?

Environmental Risks = Various ImpactsEnvironmental Risks = Various Impacts


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Environmental Risks of FarmingEnvironmental Risks of Farming

Pesticide exposurePesticide exposure

Fertilizer runoffFertilizer runoff

Animal waste runoffAnimal waste runoff


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Environmental Risks from IndustryEnvironmental Risks from Industry

Solvent exposureSolvent exposure

Toxic wasteToxic waste

Air pollutionAir pollution

Acid rainAcid rain


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Toxic Chemicals in Our EnvironmentToxic Chemicals in Our Environment

SolventsSolvents

PCBsPCBs

DioxinDioxin


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DioxinDioxin

A chemical by product of several industrialA chemical by product of several industrialprocesses:processes:

Chemical manufacturingChemical manufacturing

Garbage incineration and combustion ofGarbage incineration and combustion ofleaded gasleaded gas

paper millspaper mills

Dioxin is extremely toxic, and has beenDioxin is extremely toxic, and has beenlinked to:linked to:

Human reproductive problems and birthHuman reproductive problems and birthdefectsdefects

Impaired child development andImpaired child development andbehavioural effectsbehavioural effects

Diabetes, and thyroid disordersDiabetes, and thyroid disorders

ImmunosupressionImmunosupression


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Dioxin ExposureDioxin Exposure


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PCBsPCBs --polychloronatedbiphenylpolychloronatedbiphenyl

An environmental estrogenAn environmental estrogen --a colourless oilya colourless oilycompound.compound.

Used as an electrical insulator since the 1930sUsed as an electrical insulator since the 1930s

Used in electrical transformers, capacitors, heatUsed in electrical transformers, capacitors, heattransfer systems, and hydraulic systems.transfer systems, and hydraulic systems.

Also may be found in welding equipment, XAlso may be found in welding equipment, X--rayraymachines, refrigerators and microwave ovens.machines, refrigerators and microwave ovens.

Chemically stable and resistant to heat andChemically stable and resistant to heat andburning.burning.


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PCBs and Human HealthPCBs and Human Health

PCBs remain in the environment for a long timePCBs remain in the environment for a long time --they dothey donot break downnot break down

Elimination of PCBs from the body is very slowElimination of PCBs from the body is very slow --levels inlevels inbody tissues increase over timebody tissues increase over time

PCBs build up in the food chainPCBs build up in the food chain

PCBs cause cancer in test animalsPCBs cause cancer in test animals

1968 exposure of 1200 Japanese to PCB1968 exposure of 1200 Japanese to PCB--contaminatedcontaminatedoil suffered stomach pain and skin problemsoil suffered stomach pain and skin problems

(Yusho disease)(Yusho disease) Children exposed to PCBs before birth have a lowerIQChildren exposed to PCBs before birth have a lowerIQ

and behaviour problemsand behaviour problems

PCBs have been banned from production in the USAPCBs have been banned from production in the USA


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PCBs and Fish ConsumptionPCBs and Fish Consumption

Women of childbearing age should not eat fish listed onthe fish advisory.

Properly cleaning, skinning, trimming and cooking the

fish can minimize the intake of PCBs. Eat only skinless and boneless fillets with as much fat

removed as possible.

Eggs (or roe) should be discarded.

Roasting or baking reduce levels of PCBs more thanfrying or microwaving. Cooking does not destroy PCBsnor does it lower their toxicity.

Dont eat the juices or fats that cook out of the fish.


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RadonRadon

Radon is an invisible and odourless gasRadon is an invisible and odourless gas

Sources of Radon:Sources of Radon:

"Earth and rock beneath home "well water "building materials"Earth and rock beneath home "well water "building materials

Health Effects From Exposure to Radon:Health Effects From Exposure to Radon: "contributes to 7,000"contributes to 7,000 --30,000 lung cancer deaths each year30,000 lung cancer deaths each year

"smokers are at higher risk of developing Radon"smokers are at higher risk of developing Radon--induced lung cancerinduced lung cancer

Radon Levels in Homes:Radon Levels in Homes:

"average indoor radon level is 1.3 pico curies per liter (pCi/L) in USA"average indoor radon level is 1.3 pico curies per liter (pCi/L) in USA

"average outdoor level is about 0.4pCi/L"average outdoor level is about 0.4pCi/L

Most homes don't have a Radon problem, but there is a simple test toMost homes don't have a Radon problem, but there is a simple test tofind out if you do or don't have high Radon levels in your home.find out if you do or don't have high Radon levels in your home.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the SurgeonThe Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the SurgeonGeneral recommend that all homes below the 3General recommend that all homes below the 3rdrd floor be tested forfloor be tested forRadonRadon


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The origin for this contamination is both natural and anthropogenicThe origin for this contamination is both natural and anthropogenic

(by mining activities). The presence of these metallic elements in water(by mining activities). The presence of these metallic elements in water

resources are affecting aquatic ecosystems balance.resources are affecting aquatic ecosystems balance.


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Government and Industry RegulationsGovernment and Industry Regulations

Methylenechloride, used to decaffeinatecoffee, has been replaced by a water process

Various food additives and dyes have beenrestricted or eliminated by the Food and Drug

Administration following tests showingadverse effects

Dichlorvos, used for flea collars and "no pest"strips, was found carcinogenic in animals in1991, and was barred from these uses by theEnvironmental Protection Agency.

Benzene, a gasoline additive, is no longerused in consumer products, because ofevidence it can cause cancer.


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Government AgenciesGovernment Agencies

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

National Institute of EnvironmentalNational Institute of Environmental

Health Sciences (NIEHS)Health Sciences (NIEHS)

US Geological Survey (USGS)US Geological Survey (USGS)

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Agency for Toxic Substances & DiseaseAgency for Toxic Substances & DiseaseRegistry (ASTDR)Registry (ASTDR)


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Hazards should be communicatedHazards should be communicated ??

Why Why


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Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

Your Right to KnowYour Right to Know


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Five Stages of the Program

Chemical Inventory List (CIL)Chemical Inventory List (CIL)

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

Labeling and Marking SystemsLabeling and Marking Systems

Employee TrainingEmployee Training

Written PlanWritten Plan


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Hazard Communication

Chemical Inventory List

Department Name and Phone Number

Inventory Supervisor

Campus mailing address of the Inventory Supervisor

Official Building Name & number

Date ofInventory

Page ( ) of ( )Chemical Name

Common Name

Location (room number) of the chemical

Actual count of a chemical

Maximum amount anticipatedContainer type and size

Physical State and CAS Number

Manufacturer, NFPA Rating

Does the department have an MSDS for it ?


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Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

Material Safety Data SheetsMaterial Safety Data Sheets


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Material Safety Data Sheets

Company InformationCompany Information

HazardousHazardous

IngredientsIngredients

Physical DataPhysical Data

Fire and ExplosionFire and Explosion

DataData Health Hazard DataHealth Hazard Data

Reactivity DataReactivity Data

Spill & LeakSpill & Leak

ProceduresProcedures

Special ProtectionSpecial Protection

InformationInformation

Special PrecautionsSpecial Precautions


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Material Safety Data Sheets:

Your Rights

Your employer must have an MSDS forevery hazardous substance you use aspart of your job.


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Material Safety Data Sheets:

Your Rights

If you request your own personal copy ofIf you request your own personal copy ofan MSDS, your employer has 15 daysan MSDS, your employer has 15 days

to provide it.to provide it.


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Labeling and Marking Systems


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NFPA Diamonds

HMIS Labels

Uniform Laboratory Hazard Signage System


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Labeling and Marking SystemsNFPA Diamonds

Color coded,numerical ratingsystem

Will be located nearmain entrances, firealarm panels, or onoutside entrancedoors

Provide at-a-glancehazard information


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NFPA Diamonds

Blue = Health

Red = Flammability

Yellow = Instability

White = Specialhazard information


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HMIS Labels

Designed to go on

individual containers

of products that

dont have themanufacturers

labels

Same colorcode/numerical

rating system as the

NFPA diamonds


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Uniform Laboratory Signage

Located on laboratory

and chemical storagearea doors

Pictographs depictworst hazards presentin lab or area


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Employee Training

Training is required :

Within the first 30 days of employment

Whenever new hazards are introduced

Annually


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The Written Plan

If you are exposed to a hazardous substance at

work, you should report it to your supervisor who

will complete an Employee Exposure Report Form


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BE SAFE,

NOT SORRY!


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Hazard communicationHazard communication

promotes safety at work placepromotes safety at work place ??


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Safety Is Everybody's Business

Help you decide that safety is everybodysHelp you decide that safety is everybodysbusiness, and whybusiness, and why

Provide you with an understanding ofProvide you with an understanding ofaccident causesaccident causes

Explain safety responsibilitiesExplain safety responsibilities

For both employees and employersFor both employees and employers

Introduce you to specific safety topicsIntroduce you to specific safety topics

Fire safety, lab safety, office safetyFire safety, lab safety, office safety


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Why Worry about Safety?

Why do you need to be concerned about safety ?Why do you need to be concerned about safety ?

Hur

t

DOL

EPA

$$$$

Losttime

WC Pain!

Loss


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Understanding Accident CausesUnderstanding Accident Causes

Accidents are caused by:Accidents are caused by:

Unsafe conditionsUnsafe conditions

Unsafe actsUnsafe acts


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Accident CausesAccident Causes

Unsafe ConditionsUnsafe Conditions

Easiest to correct (and very cost effective)Easiest to correct (and very cost effective)

Easiest to preventEasiest to prevent

Safety auditsSafety audits

Safety inspectionsSafety inspections

Maintenance schedules for equipmentMaintenance schedules for equipment

Encouraging employee reportingEncouraging employee reporting

Good housekeepingGood housekeeping


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Accident CausesAccident Causes

Unsafe ActsUnsafe Acts

Most difficult to addressMost difficult to address

Changing behavior isnt easyChanging behavior isnt easy

Best prevented by developing a safetyBest prevented by developing a safety

cultureculture


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Which one is difficult to visualize or mitigate ?


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Cost of AccidentsCost of Accidents

Direct CostsDirect Costs

Medical Costs (including workers comp)Medical Costs (including workers comp)

Indemnity PaymentsIndemnity Payments

Indirect CostsIndirect Costs

Time Lost (by worker and supervisor)Time Lost (by worker and supervisor)

Schedule delaysSchedule delays

Training new employeesTraining new employees Cleanup time / equipment repairsCleanup time / equipment repairs

Legal feesLegal fees


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Cost of Accidents:

On average, the indirect

On average, the indirectcosts of accidentscosts of accidents

exceed the direct costsexceed the direct costs

by a 4:1 ratioby a 4:1 ratio

The Iceberg EffectThe Iceberg Effect


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So how do you protect yourself ?So how do you protect yourself ?

????????????????


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Safety CulturesSafety Cultures

Establish accountability for safetyEstablish accountability for safety

Define safety responsibilitiesDefine safety responsibilities


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Thank youThank you

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