oral presentation 1(research writing and publishing iii)
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Presenter: Jenny Chen 陳瑩珍Instructor: Dr. Pi-Ying Teresa
HsuOctober 1, 2009
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Lee, C., & Han, S. (2002). Estimating the use
and preservation values of national parks’
tourism resources using a contingent valuation
method. Tourism Management, 23(5), 531-540.
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I. Introduction
II. Methodology
III. Results
IV. Conclusion
V. Personal Reflection
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about 7 of every 10 Koreans visited national parks in South Korea in 1999
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management of the parks requires:3700 won(approximately US $3)/visitor
current admission fee:1000won (US $0.83)/visitor
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to estimate the use and preservation values of natural and/or cultural resources in five distinctive national parks
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Contingent valuation method (CVM)
measure the economic values of non-market goods
ascertain from respondents what they would be willing to pay under certain hypothetical market scenarios
(Lee, 1997)
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Contingent valuation method (CVM)
is able to value trips with multiple purposes or multi-destinations
is the only approach to elicit existence benefits of environment amenity from both users and non-users
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Dichotomous choice approach (DC)/Close-ended
easier for participants to make decisions
$ 300Yes
No
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Open-ended Elicitation
Q: If……, how much are you willing to pay for …..?
A: _______.
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$350
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Pretest
Results
Nine offers were selected: 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000, 20,000, 50,000 won
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Place Mt. Kayasan
WTP Maximum
Approach Open-ended
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Payment vehicle admission fees (use value) tax (preservation value)
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Survey methodface-to-face interviewon-site survey
Participants2300 visitors leaving the national parks
Durationpeak summer vacation period in 1999
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Questionnaire
Part IV demographic characteristics
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Part Imeasurements of recreation use and preservation values
Part II push and pull factors
Part III environmental attitudes
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Use value question:
‘If the national park provides you with
opportunities for appreciating natural and/or
cultural resources, hiking, and resting, and it charges χ1 won (Korean currency) as an
admission fee per person, would you be
willing to pay for it?’
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Preservation value question:
‘If it charges χ2 won per person per year as a
tax for preservation of the national park,
would you be willing to pay for it?’
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υ(1, Y – A; s) + ε1 ≥ υ(0, Y; s) + ε0 (1)
υ : indirect utility
Y: income
A: offer (admission fee or tax)
s: other socio-economic characteristics
ε1 , ε0 : identically, independently distributed random
variables with zero means
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∆υ = υ(1, Y – A; s) – υ(0, Y; s) + (ε1 – ε0) (2)
υ : indirect utility
Y: income
A: offer (admission fee or tax)
s: other socio-economic characteristics
ε1 , ε0 : identically, independently distributed random
variables with zero means
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logit model
Pi = Fη(∆υ) =
= (3)
Pi: probability that the individual will accept an offer (A)
Fη(∙): cumulative distribution function of a standard logistic variate
β , γ, θ : coefficients to be estimated24
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1 + exp(–∆υ)
1
1 + exp{–(α – βA +γY + θS)}
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Maximum likelihood (ML)
Linear-logit model
Expected value of WTP
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E(WTP) = Fπ (∆υ) dA
= (α* + βA) dA (4)
E(WTP): expected value of WTP
α*: adjusted intercept (add socio-economic term)
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ʃMax. A
0
ʃMax. A
0
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use value
preservation value
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accessibility
preservation value
use value
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the use value of each national park is far greater than the current admission fees of 1000
won/visitor and maintenance costs of 3700 won/visitor
increase admission fees to maintain the quality of the natural environment
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resources from the national parks are found to provide considerable use and preservation value for citizens
Korean government should continue to provide money for parks management in order to maintain citizens’ welfare
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five national parks were thoughtfully selected
reasons for applying CVM were explained
disadvantages of using the dichotomous choice (DC) approach were not included
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strategic bias may be generated
interview method was inconsistent
five national parks does not seem enough to
show a strong relationship between location
and the use and preservation values
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Thank you for your attention!
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