Oracle Corporation

Oracle Corporation (NASDAQ: ORCL) is an American multinational computer technology corporation

that specializes in developing and marketing hardware systems and enterprise software products —

particularly database management systems. Headquartered in Redwood Shores, California, United

States, Oracle employs 105,000 people worldwide as of 1 July 2010.[3] It has enlarged its share of the

software market through organic growth and through a number of high-profile acquisitions. By 2007

Oracle had the third-largest software revenue, after Microsoft and IBM.[4]

The corporation has arguably become best-known for its flagship product, the Oracle Database. The

company also builds tools for database development and systems of middle-tier software, enterprise

resource planning software (ERP), customer relationship management software (CRM) and supply chain

management(SCM) software.

As of 2010, Larry Ellison, a co-founder of Oracle Corporation, has served as Oracle's CEO throughout its

history. Ellison also served as the Chairman of the Boarduntil his replacement by Jeffrey O. Henley in

2004. Ellison retains his role as CEO. On August 22, 2008 the Associated Press ranked founder Larry

Ellison as the top-paid chief executive in the world.

History

Oracle headquarters front view

Ellison took inspiration[7] from the 1970 paper written by Edgar F. Codd on relational database

management systems (RDBMS) named "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks".[8] He

had heard about the IBM System R database from an article in the IBM Research Journal provided by Ed

Oates (a future co-founder of Oracle Corporation). System R also derived from Codd's theories, and

Ellison wanted to make Oracle's product compatible with System R, but IBM stopped this by keeping the

error codes for their DBMS secret. Ellison co-founded Oracle Corporation in 1977 with Bob Miner and Ed

Oates under the name Software Development Laboratories (SDL). In 1979 SDL changed its name

to Relational Software, Inc. (RSI).[9] In 1982, RSI renamed itself Oracle Systems[10] to align itself more

closely with its flagship product Oracle Database. At this stage Bob Miner served as the company's senior

programmer. In 1995, Oracle Systems Corporation changed its name to Oracle Corporation.[11]

Part of Oracle Corporation's early success arose from using the C programming language to implement

its products. This eased porting to different operating systems(most of which support C). This gave Oracle

Corporation an advantage over companies using operating-system-specific languages.[citation needed] Oracle

Corporation programmers wrote the first C compiler for the IBM mainframe platform in order to port to that

platform.[citation needed]

[edit]Overall timeline

June 16, 1977: Software Development Laboratories (SDL) is incorporated in Santa Clara,

California[1] by Larry Ellison, Bob Miner and Ed Oates.

1978: Oracle Version 1, written in assembly language, runs on PDP-11 under RSX, in 128K of

memory. Implementation separates Oracle code and user code. Oracle V1 is never officially released.

[12] The nameOracle comes from the code name of a CIA project which the founders had all worked

on while at the Ampex Corporation.

June 1979: SDL is renamed to Relational Software Inc. (RSI)[9] and relocated to Sand Hill

Road, Menlo Park, California. Oracle 2, the first version of the Oracle database software, as

purchased by Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, runs on PDP-11 hardware. The company decides to

name the first version of its flagship product "version 2" rather than "version 1" because it believes

customers might hesitate to buy the initial release of its product.

October 1979: RSI actively promotes Oracle on the VAX platform (the software runs on the VAX in

PDP-11 emulator mode).

1981: Umang Gupta joins RSI, where he writes the first business plan for the company and serves as

Vice President and General Manager.

February 1981: RSI begins developing tools for the Oracle Database, including the Interactive

Application Facility (IAF), a predecessor to Oracle*Forms.

1982: RSI renames itself Oracle Systems Corporation in order to align itself more closely with its

primary product.

March 1983: Oracle Database is rewritten in C for portability and Oracle version 3 is released.

April 1984: Oracle receives additional funding from Sequoia Capital.

October 1984: Oracle version 4 is released, introducing read consistency.

November 1984: Oracle database software is ported to the PC platform. The MS-DOS version (4.1.4)

of Oracle runs in only 512K of memory. (Oracle for MSDOS version 5, released in 1986, runs

in Protected Mode on 286 machines using a technique invented by Mike Roberts, among the first

products to do so.)

April 1985: Oracle version 5 is released — one of the first RDBMSs to operate in client-server mode.

1986: Oracle version 5.1 is released with support for distributed queries. Investigations into clustering

begin.

March 12, 1986: Oracle goes public with revenues of $55 million USD.

August 1987: Oracle founds its Applications division, building business-management software closely

integrated with its database software. Oracle acquires TCI for its project management software.

1988: Oracle version 6 is released with support for row-level locking and hot backups. The

developers embedded the PL/SQL procedural language engine into the database but made no

provision to store program blocks such as procedures and triggers in the database - this capability

came in version 7. Users could submit PL/SQL blocks for immediate execution in the server from an

environment such as SQL*Plus, or via SQL statements embedded in a host program. Oracle included

separate PL/SQL engines in various client tools (such as SQL*Forms and Reports).

1989: Oracle moves its world headquarters to Redwood Shores, California. Revenues reach US$584

million.

1990: In the third quarter, Oracle reports its first ever loss[citation needed]; it lays off hundreds of employees.

Ellison hires Jeffrey O. Henley as CFO and Raymond Lane as COO.

June 1992: Oracle 7 is released with performance enhancements, administrative utilities, application-

development tools, security features, the ability to persist PL/SQL program units in the database

as stored procedures and triggers, and support for declarative referential integrity.

1993: Oracle releases its "Cooperative Development Environment" (CDE), which bundles Oracle

Forms, Reports, Graphics, and Book.

1994: Oracle acquires the database-product DEC Rdb (subsequently called Oracle Rdb) from Digital

Equipment Corporation (DEC). Oracle Rdb operates only on the OpenVMS platform (also a former

product of DEC).

June 1, 1995: Oracle Systems Corporation announces the merger of Oracle Corporation into Oracle

Systems Corporation. This transaction eliminates the holding company structure and streamlines the

operating company, Oracle Corporation, with the public holding company, Oracle Systems

Corporation. As part of the merger, Oracle Systems Corporation is renamed Oracle Corporation and

is the surviving entity incorporated as a Delaware corporation.

June 21, 1995: Oracle Corporation announces new data-warehousing facilities, including parallel

queries.

November 1995: Oracle becomes one of the first[citation needed] large software companies to announce an

Internet strategy when Ellison introduces the network computer concept at an IDC conference in

Paris.

April 1997: Oracle releases the first version of Discoverer.

June 1997: Oracle 8 is released with SQL object technology, Internet technology and support for

terabytes of data.

September 1997: Oracle Corporation announces a commitment to the Java platform, and introduces

Oracle's Java integrated development environment, subsequently called "Oracle JDeveloper".

January 1998: Oracle releases Oracle Applications 10.7 Network Computing Architecture (NCA). All

the applications in the business software now run across the web in a standard web browser.

May 1998: Oracle Corporation releases Oracle Applications 11.

April 1998: Oracle announces that it will integrate a Java Virtual Machine with Oracle Database.

September 1998: Oracle 8i is released (the i stands for Internet).

October 1998: Oracle 8 and Oracle Application Server 4.0 are released on the Linux platform.

May 1999: Oracle releases JDeveloper 2.0, showcasing Business Components for Java (BC4J), a set

of libraries and development tools for building database-aware applications.

2000: OracleMobile subsidiary is founded. Oracle 9i and Application Server is released. In May,

Oracle announces the Internet File System (iFS), later re-branded as Oracle Content Management

SDK.[13]

2001: Ellison announces that Oracle saved $1 billion by implementing and using its own business

applications.

2004: Oracle 10g is released (the g stands for Grid).

December 13, 2004: After a long battle over the control of PeopleSoft, Oracle announces that it has

signed an agreement to acquire PeopleSoft for $26.50 per share (approximately $10.3 billion).

January 14, 2005: Oracle Corporation announces that it will reduce its combined workforce to 50,000,

a reduction of approximately 5,000 following the take-over of PeopleSoft.

September 2005: Oracle Corporation announces that it has agreed to acquire the private

company Global Logistics Technologies, Inc., a global provider of logistics and transportation

management software (TMS) solutions, through a cash offer.

September 12, 2005: Oracle Corporation announces its purchase of Siebel Systems, a producer of

CRM technologies and a provider of business intelligence software, for $5.8 billion.

October 18, 2005: A serious security vulnerability in Oracle database password management is

published by Joshua Wright of the Sans Institute and Carlos Cid of the University of London.[14] Oracle

Corporation replies that existing safeguards and following good industry practices were sufficient

defenses.[15] Oracle didn't close the underlying security hole until its release of the 11g DBMS in 2007.

[16]

April 12, 2006: Oracle Corporation announces its acquisition of Portal Software, Inc. (OTC BB:

PRSF.PK), a global provider of billing- and revenue-management solutions for the communications

and media industry, at $4.90 per share, or approximately $220 million.

October 25, 2006: Oracle Corporation announces Unbreakable Linux.

November 2, 2006: Oracle Corporation announces that it has agreed to acquire Stellent, Inc.

(NASDAQ: STEL), a global provider of enterprise content management (ECM) software solutions,

through a cash tender offer for $13.50 per share, or approximately $440 million.

December 15, 2006: A majority of MetaSolv stockholders approves Oracle's acquisition of MetaSolv

Software, a provider of operations support systems (OSS) software for the communications industry.

2007: Oracle 11g is released.

March 1, 2007: Oracle announces an agreement to buy Hyperion Solutions Corporation (Nasdaq:

HYSL), a global provider of performance-management software solutions, through a cash tender offer

for $52.00 per share, or approximately $3.3 billion. The acquisition officially took place on July 1,

2007.

March 22, 2007: Oracle files a court case against a major competitor, SAP AG, in the Californian

courts for malpractice and unfair competition.[17]

October 16, 2007: Oracle confirms the impending departure of John Wookey, senior vice president

for application development and head of its applications strategy, raising questions concerning the

planned release and future of Oracle's Fusion Applications strategy.

January 16, 2008: Oracle announces it will buy BEA Systems for $19.375 per share in cash for a total

of "$7.2 billion net of cash".[18]

September 24, 2008: Oracle announces it will market servers and storage in a co-developed and co-

branded data warehouse appliance named the HP Oracle Database Machine.[19]

January 27, 2010: Oracle acquires Sun Microsystems.

March 17, 2010: Oracle launches Enterprise Manager Ops Center, a platform for managing physical

and virtual Sun environments.[20]

April 16, 2010: Oracle agrees to acquire Phase Forward for approximately $685 million.[21]

July 29, 2010: Oracle is indicted for fraud by the US Department of Justice.[22]

[edit]Technology timeline

1979: offers the first commercial SQL RDBMS

1983: offers a VAX-mode database

1984: offers the first database with read-consistency

1986: offers a client-server DBMS

1987: introduces UNIX-based Oracle applications

1988: introduces PL/SQL

1992: offers full applications implementation methodology

1995: offers the first 64-bit RDBMS

1996: moves towards an open standards-based, web-enabled architecture

1999: offers its first DBMS with XML support

2001: becomes the first to complete 3 terabyte TPC-H world record

2002: offers the first database to pass 15 industry standard security evaluations

2003: introduces what it calls "Enterprise Grid Computing" with Oracle10g

2005: releases its first free database, Oracle Database 10g Express Edition (XE)

2008: smart scans in software improve query-response in HP Oracle Database Machine / Exadata

storage

[edit]Corporate acquisitions

Main article: List of acquisitions by Oracle

Company Offer Date IndustryValuation

millions USD

Rdb Division of Digital Equipment Corporation

October 1994 Relational database N/A

IRI Software August 1995 OLAP products $100

Thinking Machines Corporation

June 1999 Darwin, datamining technology N/A

TopLink January 2002 Object-relation mapping technology N/A

Indicast January 2002 Voice portals N/A

NetForce January 2002 Adverse event reporting system N/A

Steltor June 2002 Enterprise calendaring system N/A

Reliaty June 2003 Enterprise data protection N/A

SiteWorks Solutions January 2004 Clinical trials management N/A

Phaos May 2004 Identity management N/A

Collaxa June 2004 Business process management N/A

PeopleSoft January 2005 Enterprise software $10,300

Oblix March 2005 Identity management N/A

Retek April 2005 Retail-industry solutions $630

TripleHop June 2005 Context-sensitive enterprise search N/A

TimesTen June 2005 Real-time enterprise solutions N/A

ProfitLogic July 2005 Retail-industry solutions N/A

Context Media July 2005 Enterprise content-integration N/A

i-flex (Oracle Financial Services)

August 2005 Banking industry solutions $900

G-LogSeptember 2005

Transportation management solutions N/A

Innobase October 2005 Discrete transactional open-source database technology N/A

Thor TechnologiesNovember 2005

Enterprise-wide user provisioning solutions. N/A

OctetStringNovember 2005

Virtual directory solutions N/A

TemposoftDecember 2005

Workforce-management applications N/A

360Commerce January 2006 Retail-industry solutions N/A

Siebel Systems January 2006 Customer relationship management $5,850

Sleepycat SoftwareFebruary 2006

Open-source database software for embedded applications

N/A

HotSip February  Communications infrastructure solutions N/A

2006

Portal Software April 2006 Communications-industry software suite $220

Net4Call April 2006 Communications-industry service-delivery platform N/A

Demantra June 2006 Demand-driven planning solutions N/A

Telephony@Work June 2006 IP-based contact-center technology N/A

Sigma Dynamics August 2006 Real-time predictive analytics software N/A

Sunopsis October 2006 Enterprise-integration software N/A

MetaSolv Software October 2006 Communications-service provider solutions $219

StellentNovember 2006

Content-management solutions $440

SPL WorldGroupNovember 3, 2006

Revenue- and operations-management software N/A

Hyperion SolutionsMarch 1, 2007

Enterprise-performance management $3,300

AppForge(intellectual assets only)

April 2007 Cross-platform handheld development N/A

Agile Software Corporation

May 15, 2007 Product life-cycle-management software $495

Bharosa July 18, 2007 Identify theft $495

NetSure Telecom Ltd.September 2, 2007

Network intelligence and optimization software Undisclosed

Active Reasoning, Inc.September 2, 2007

IT Compliance software Undisclosed

BridgestreamSeptember 5, 2007

Enterprise role-management N/A

LogicalApps October 9,  Compliance software N/A

2007

MoniforceDecember 6, 2007

End-user experience management software N/A

BEA SystemsJanuary 16, 2008

Middleware software company $8,500

CaptovationJanuary 16, 2008

Document-capture software N/A

Empirix (Web)March 27, 2008

Web-application testing-software N/A

LODESTAR Corporation April 24, 2007 Utility software solutions N/A

AdminServer May 13, 2008 Insurance-policy administration software N/A

Skywire Software June 23, 2008 Insurance software N/A

Global Knowledge Software

July 31, 2008 Technical writing/training authoring software N/A

ClearAppSeptember 2, 2008

Application-management solutions for composite applications-software

N/A

Primavera SystemsOctober 9, 2008

Project portfolio management software N/A

Advanced Visual Technology

October 9, 2008

Retail-space management software $4

Haley LimitedOctober 29, 2008

Policy-modeling and -automation software N/A

mValentFebruary 4, 2009

Application configuration management software N/A

RelsysMarch 23, 2009

Drug safety and risk management solutions with advanced analytics for the health sciences industry

N/A

Virtual Iron Software May 13, 2009 Server-virtualization management software N/A

Conformia Software June 17, 2009 Product and process lifecycle management (PPLM)  N/A

(intellectual assets only) software

GoldenGate Software July 23, 2009 Real-time data integration and high-availability solutions N/A

Sun MicrosystemsAugust 20, 2009

Computers, computer components, computer software, development environment and information technology services

$7,400

HyperRollSeptember 29, 2009

Warehousing-oriented data processing (e.g. aggregations), acceleration software using patented statistical and stochastic algorithms

N/A

Silver Creek [disambiguation needed] January 4, 2010

Data-quality systems connecting enterprise systems, customers, suppliers and partners

N/A

AmberPointFebruary 10, 2010

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) management. N/A

ConverginFebruary 10, 2010

Communications services brokerage $85

Phase Forward April 16, 2010Applications for life sciences companies and healthcare providers

$685

Secerno May 20, 2010 Data protection hardware and software N/A

PasslogixOctober 5, 2010

Enterprise single sign-on N/A

[edit]Products and services

[edit]Technology products

[edit]Various databases

Main article: Oracle Database

In 2004 Oracle Corporation shipped release 10g (g standing for "grid") as the then latest version of Oracle

Database. (Oracle Application Server 10g using Java EE integrates with the server part of that version of

the database, making it possible to deploy web-technology applications. The application server comprises

the first middle-tier software designed for grid computing. The interrelationship between Oracle

10g and Javahas enabled the company to allow developers to set up stored procedures written in the

Java language, as well as those written in the traditional Oracle database programming

language, PL/SQL.)

Release 11g became the current Oracle Database version in 2007.

Berkeley DB offers embedded database processing.

Oracle Rdb, a relational database system, runs on OpenVMS platforms. Oracle acquired Rdb in 1994

from Digital Equipment Corporation. Oracle has since made many enhancements to this product and

development continues today.

TimesTen features in-memory database operations.

Oracle Essbase continues the Hyperion Essbase tradition of multi-dimensional database management.

MySQL, a relational database management system licensed under the GNU General Public License,

initially developed by MySQL AB.

[edit]Oracle Fusion Middleware

Main article: Oracle Fusion Middleware

[edit]Oracle Enterprise Manager

Main article: Oracle Enterprise Manager

Some database administrators (DBAs) use Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM) to manage the DBMS.

With Oracle Database version 10g, Oracle Corporation introduced a web-based rewrite of OEM called

"Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control". Oracle Corporation has dubbed the super Enterprise

Manager used to manage a grid of multiple DBMS and Application Servers as "Oracle Enterprise

Manager Grid Control".

[edit]Oracle Secure Enterprise Search

Oracle Secure Enterprise Search (SES), Oracle's enterprise-search offering, gives users the ability to

search for content across multiple locations, including websites, file servers, content management

systems, enterprise resource planning systems, customer relationship management systems, business

intelligence systems, and databases.

[edit]Oracle Beehive

Main article: Oracle Beehive

Released in 2008, the Oracle Beehive collaboration software provides team workspaces (including wikis,

team calendaring and file sharing), email, calendar, instant messaging, and conferencing on a single

platform. Customers can use Beehive as licensed software or as software as a service.[23]

[edit]Oracle Collaboration Suite

Oracle Collaboration Suite (OCS) contains messaging, groupware and collaboration applications. Oracle

Beehive has superseded OCS.[24]

[edit]Development software

Oracle Corporation's tools for developing applications include (amongst others):

Oracle Designer

Oracle Developer  - which consists of Oracle Forms, Oracle Discoverer and Oracle Reports

Oracle JDeveloper

NetBeans

Oracle Application Express  - also known as APEX

Oracle SQL Developer

Oracle SQL*Plus Worksheet

OEPE , Oracle Enterprise Pack for Eclipse.

Many external and third-party tools make the Oracle database administrator's tasks easier.

[edit]Hardware

The Sun hardware range acquired by Oracle Corporation's purchase of Sun Microsystems

Exadata (hardware/software integrated storage)[25]

[edit]Application products

Besides databases, Oracle also sells a suite of business applications. The Oracle E-Business

Suite includes software to perform financial- (Oracle Financials), manufacturing-, enterprise resource

planning and HR- (Human Resource Management Systems) -related functions (Oracle HR). Users can

access these facilities through a browser interface over the Internet or via a corporate intranet.

Following a number of high-value acquisitions beginning in 2003, especially in the area of applications,

Oracle Corporation currently maintains a number of product lines:

Oracle E-Business Suite

Main article: Oracle E-Business Suite

PeopleSoft Enterprise

Main article: PeopleSoft

Siebel

Main article: Siebel Systems

JD Edwards EnterpriseOne

Main article: JD Edwards

JD Edwards World

Development of applications commonly takes place in Java (using Oracle JDeveloper) or through PL/SQL

(using, for example, Oracle Forms and Oracle Reports). Oracle Corporation has started[citation needed] a drive

toward "wizard"-driven environments with a view to enabling non-programmers to produce simple data-

driven applications.

[edit]Third-party applications

Oracle Corporation works with "Oracle Certified Partners" to enhance its overall product-range.

The variety of applications from third-party vendors includes database applications for archiving, splitting

and control, ERP and CRM systems, as well as more niche and focused products providing a range of

commercial functions in the areas of human resources, financial control and governance, risk

management, and compliance (GRC)

Vendors include:

Aquire

Hewlett-Packard

HighJump Software

Human Concepts

Q Software Global Ltd , an Oracle Certified Partner specializing in the development of software in the

areas of governance, risk management, and compliance (GRC) solutions for the JD Edwards World

and EnterpriseOne applications.[26]

Solix Technologies

UC4 Software

[edit]Services

Oracle Academy (training in computing and commerce in partnership with educational institutions)[27]

Oracle Consulting

Oracle University (training in Oracle products)[28]

Oracle Certification Program

Oracle On Demand (a SaaS offering)

Oracle Support

Product support: Oracle Corporation identifies its customers and their support entitlements using

CSI (Customer Support Identifier) codes.[29] Registered customers can submit Service Requests

(SRs)[30] — usually via the web-accessible MetaLink interface or (as from September 2008) from

its super-set: "My Oracle Support".[31]

Critical Patch Updates: since 2005, Oracle Corporation has grouped collections of patches and

security fixes for its products each quarter into a "Critical Patch Update" (CPU), released each

January, April, July and October.[32]

Oracle Financing

[edit]Marketing

[edit]Sales practices

In 1990 Oracle laid off 10% (about 400 people) of its work force because[citation needed] of a mismatch

between cash and revenues. This crisis came about because of Oracle's "up-front" marketing strategy, in

which sales people urged potential customers to buy the largest possible amount of software all at once.

The sales people then booked the value of future license sales in the current quarter, thereby increasing

their bonuses. This became a problem when the future sales subsequently failed to materialize. Oracle

eventually had to restate its earnings twice, and also settled (out of court) class-action lawsuits arising

from its having overstated its earnings. Ellison stated in 1992 that Oracle had made "an incredible

business mistake".[33]

[edit]Competition

Although IBM dominated the mainframe relational-database market with its DB2 and SQL/DS database

products, it delayed[when?]entering the market for a relational database on UNIX and Windows operating

systems. This left the door open for Sybase, Oracle, and Informix (and eventually Microsoft) to dominate

mid-range and microcomputers.

Around this time[when?], Oracle technology started to lag technically behind that of Sybase.[citation needed] In

1990–1993 Sybase became the fastest-growing database company and the database industry's darling

vendor[citation needed], but soon fell victim to its merger mania and to technical issues with System X.[citation

needed] Sybase's 1993 merger with PowerSoft resulted in its losing its focus on its core database

technology. In 1993, Sybase sold the rights to its database software running under the Windows

operating system to Microsoft Corporation, which now markets it under the name "SQL Server."

In 1994, Informix Software overtook Sybase and became Oracle's most important rival. The intense war

between Informix CEO Phil White and Ellison made front-page news in Silicon Valley for three years.

Informix claimed that Oracle had hired away Informix engineers to disclose important trade secrets about

an upcoming product. Informix finally dropped its lawsuit against Oracle in 1997.[34] In November 2005 a

book detailing the war between Oracle and Informix appeared,[35] providing a detailed chronology of the

battle of Informix against Oracle, and how Informix Software's CEO Phil White landed in jail because of

his obsession with overtaking Ellison.

Once it had overcome Informix and Sybase, Oracle Corporation enjoyed years of dominance in the

database market until use of Microsoft SQL Server became widespread in the late 1990s and IBM

acquired Informix Software in 2000 (to complement its DB2 database). Today Oracle competes for new

database licenses on UNIX, Linux, and Windows operating systems primarily against IBM's DB2 and

Microsoft SQL Server (which only runs on Windows). IBM's DB2 still dominates the mainframe database

market.

In 2004 Oracle's sales grew at a rate of 14.5% to $6.2 billion, giving it 41.3% and the top share of the

relational-database market (InformationWeek - March, 2005), with market share estimated at up to 44.6%

in 2005 by some sources.[36][dead link] Oracle Corporation's main competitors in the database arena

remain IBM DB2 and Microsoft SQL Server, and to a lesser extent Sybase and Teradata [37][dead link],

with open-source databases such as PostgreSQL and MySQL also having a significant[citation needed] share of

the market. EnterpriseDB, based on PostgreSQL, has recently made inroads [38] by proclaiming that its

product delivers Oracle compatibility features[clarification needed] at a much lower price-point.

In the software-applications market, Oracle Corporation primarily[citation needed] competes against SAP. On

March 22, 2007 Oracle sued SAP, accusing them of fraud and unfair competition.[39]

In the market for business intelligence software, many other software companies — small and large —

have successfully competed in quality with Oracle and SAP products. Business intelligence vendors can

be categorized into the "big four" consolidated BI firms such as Oracle, who has entered BI market

through a recent trend of acquisitions (including Hyperion Solutions), and the independent "pure play"

vendors such as MicroStrategy, Actuate, and SAS.[40]

[edit]Oracle and SAP

From 1988 Oracle Corporation and the German company SAP AG had a decade-long history of

cooperation, beginning with the integration of SAP's R/3 enterprise application suite with Oracle's

relational database products. The marketplace[who?] regarded the two firms' products as complementing

one another, rather than as substitutes. Despite the current SAP partnership with Microsoft, and the

increasing integration of SAP applications with Microsoft products (such as Microsoft SQL Server, a

competitor to Oracle Database), Oracle and SAP continue their cooperation. According to Oracle

Corporation, the majority of SAP's customers use Oracle databases.[41]

In recent years, however, competition between Oracle and SAP has increased, and as a result, the rivalry

between the two companies has grown, even developing into a feud between the co-founders of the two

companies, where one party would frequently voice strong negative comments about the other company.

In 2004 Oracle began to increase its interest in the enterprise-applications market (in 1989, Oracle had

already released Oracle Financials). A series of acquisitions by Oracle Corporation began, most notably

those of PeopleSoft, Siebel Systems and Hyperion.

SAP recognized that Oracle had started to become a competitor in a market where SAP had

the leadership, and saw an opportunity to lure in customers from those companies that Oracle

Corporation had acquired. SAP would offer those customers special discounts on the licenses for its

enterprise applications.

Oracle Corporation would resort to a similar strategy, by advising SAP customers to get "OFF SAP" (a

play on the words of the acronym for its middleware platform "Oracle Fusion for SAP"),[42] and also by

providing special discounts on licenses and services to SAP customers who chose Oracle Corporation

products.

Currently Oracle and SAP (the latter through its recently acquired subsidiary TomorrowNow) compete in

the third-party enterprise software maintenance and support market. On March 22, 2007, Oracle filed a

lawsuit against SAP. The complaint alleged that TomorrowNow, which provides discount support for

legacy Oracle product lines, used the accounts of former Oracle customers to systematically download

patches and support documents from Oracle's website and to appropriate them for SAP's use.[43] Some

analysts have suggested the suit could form part of a strategy by Oracle Corporation to decrease

competition with SAP in the market for third-party enterprise software maintenance and support.[44][45]

On July 3, 2007, SAP admitted that TomorrowNow employees had made "inappropriate downloads" from

the Oracle support web site. However, it claims that SAP personnel and SAP customers had no access to

Oracle intellectual property via TomorrowNow. SAP's CEO Henning Kagermann stated that "Even a

single inappropriate download is unacceptable from my perspective. We regret very much that this

occurred." Additionally, SAP announced that it had "instituted changes" in TomorrowNow's operational

oversight.[46]

[edit]Slogans

As of 2008: "The Information Company"[citation needed]

"Information driven"[citation needed]

For the Oracle Database: "Can't break it, can't break in"[citation needed] or "Unbreakable"[47]

As of 2010: "Software. Hardware. Complete."

[edit]Media

Oracle Corporation produces and distributes the "Oracle ClearView" series of videos as part of its

marketing mix.[48]

[edit]Controversies

[edit]Trashgate

In 2000 Oracle gained attention from the computer industry and the press after hiring private

investigators to dig through the trash of organizations involved in an antitrust trial involving Microsoft.

[49] The Chairman of Oracle Corporation, Larry Ellison, staunchly defended his company's hiring of an East

Coast detective agency to investigate groups that supported rival Microsoft Corporation during its antitrust

trial, calling the snooping a "public service". The investigation reportedly included a $1,200 offer to janitors

at the Association for Competitive Technology to look through Microsoft's trash. Asked how he'd feel if

others were looking into Oracle's business activities, Ellison said: "We will ship our garbage to Redmond,

and they can go through it. We believe in full disclosure."[50]

[edit]"Can't break it, can't break in"

At one point, Oracle Corporation marketed many of its products using the slogan "Can't break it, can't

break in", or "Unbreakable".[51] This signifies a demand on information security. Oracle Corporation also

stresses the reliability of networked databases and network access to databases as major selling points.

However, two weeks after its introduction in 2002, David Litchfield, Alexander Kornbrust, Cesar

Cerrudo and others demonstrated a whole suite of successful attacks against Oracle products.[52]

[53]Commentators[who?] criticized the slogan as unrealistic and as an invitation to crackers, but Oracle

Corporation's chief security officer Mary Ann Davidson portrayed the criticism as unfair. Rather than

representing a literal claim of Oracle's products' impregnability, she saw the campaign in the context of

fourteen independent security evaluations[54] that Oracle Corporation's database server had passed.

[edit]Relationship with John Ashcroft

In 2004, then-United States Attorney General John Ashcroft sued Oracle Corporation to prevent a

contract acquisition. In 2005, Oracle hired Ashcroft's lobbying firm, The Ashcroft Group, LLC. Oracle, with

Ashcroft's lobbying, then went on to acquire the contract, a multi-billion dollar intelligence application.[55]

[edit]Recent news

[edit]Acquisition of Sun Microsystems

On January 27, 2010, Oracle announced it had completed its acquisition of Sun Microsystems - valued at

more than $7 billion - a move that transformed Oracle from solely a software company to a manufacturer

of both software and hardware. The acquisition was delayed for several months by the EU

Commission because of concerns about MySQL, however was unconditionally approved in the end.

[56] This acquisition was important to some in the open source community and also to some other

companies, as they feared Oracle might end Sun's traditional support of open source projects.[57] Some

now believe that these fears have been confirmed, as Oracle is apparently planning to

discontinue OpenSolaris and also announced a lawsuit against Google over their newly

acquired Java patents from Sun.

[edit]Justice Department Lawsuit

On July 29, 2010, the United States Department of Justice filed suit against Oracle Corporation alleging

fraud. The lawsuit argues that the government received deals inferior to those Oracle gave to its

commercial clients. The DoJ added its heft to an already existing whistleblower lawsuit filed by Paul

Frascella, who was once senior director of contract services at Oracle.[58]

[edit]Acquisition of Phase Forward

On August 11, 2010, Phase Forward, a company that developed data management systems for the

pharmaceutical industry, became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Oracle Corporation.[59] Some analysts

believe this acquisition has a huge impact on the healthcare and life sciences software market. For

example Loraine Lawson writes that "health care isn't just another vertical. It's the vertical to watch, an

area where spending has stayed strong despite economic turmoil in other sectors. It's also primed for

growth in the United States, where it's the focus of major government reform efforts."[60][61]

[edit]Lawsuit against Google

On August 12, 2010, Oracle announced a lawsuit against Google concerning patent and copyright

infringement of Java in Google's development of Android. Oracle claims that "Google’s Android competes

with Oracle America’s Java" and that "Google has been aware of Sun’s patent portfolio ... since Google

hired certain former Sun Java engineers".[62][63] Oracle acquired the Java patents when it bought Sun

Microsystems in January 2010. Google had developed the Android platform using Java features and

concepts that are apparently not compatible with standard Java libraries. This may have been a violation

of conditions under which Sun granted OpenJDK patents to use open source Java.[64] As of August 2010,

the lawsuit is ongoing and may take several years to reach a conclusion.[65]

[edit]Discontinuation of OpenSolaris

On August 13, 2010, an internal Oracle memo leaked to the Internet cited plans for ending

the OpenSolaris operating system project and community.[66] Apparently Oracle now plans to

develop Solaris only in a closed source fashion.[citation needed] Some observers were not surprised by this

move, as Oracle had kept delaying the release of OpenSolaris 2010 (which was subsequently never

released).[citation needed] However a fork of OpenSolaris development now continues as a project

called Illumos, started by former OpenSolaris developer Garrett D'Amore.[citation needed]

[edit]Hurd replaces Phillips as President

On September 6, 2010, Oracle announced that former Hewlett-Packard CEO Mark Hurd is

replacing Charles Phillips as Oracle Co-President. Apparently Phillips had wanted to leave Oracle since

December 2009. "Oracle is clearly capitalizing on this opportunity to get someone strong from a top

hardware company," said Forrester analyst James Staten. "In terms of how this helps Oracle against IBM,

there is reason to be optimistic."[67]

On September 7, 2010, HP announced a civil lawsuit against Hurd "to protect HP’s trade secrets".[68]

[edit]People

Larry Ellison : CEO since he co-founded the company in 1977, and Chairman from 1990 to 2004.

In 1997, Ellison became a director of Apple after Steve Jobs came back to that company. Ellison

resigned from the Apple board in 2002, saying that he did not have the time to attend necessary

formal board meetings.

On February 14, 2010, Ellison's yacht USA 17 won the second race (in the best of three "deed of

gift" series) of the 33rd America's Cup, after winning the first race two days earlier. Securing a

historic victory, Ellison and his BMW Oracle team became the first challengers to win a "deed of

gift" match. The Cup returned to American shores for the first time since 1995. Ellison was a crew

member for the second race.[69]

On August 4, 2010, Ellison announced that he intends to give away most of his wealth to charity

as part of Bill Gates' and Warren Buffett's "Giving Pledge" initiative. Ellison wrote: "Many years

ago, I put virtually all of my assets into a trust with the intent of giving away at least 95 percent of

my wealth to charitable causes. I have already given hundreds of millions of dollars to medical

research and education, and I will give billions more over time. Until now, I have done this giving

quietly--because I have long believed that charitable giving is a personal and private matter."[70]

On August 9, 2010, Ellison denounced Hewlett-Packard's board for firing CEO Mark Hurd,

writing: "The H.P. board just made the worst personnel decision since the idiots on

the Apple board fired Steve Jobsmany years ago." One month later, Ellison hired Hurd as Co-

President of Oracle. Ellison and Hurd are close personal friends - Hurd often plays tennis at

Ellison's house.[71]

Bob Miner : Co-founder of the company and co-architect of Oracle Database. Led product design and

development for Oracle Database from 1977 to 1992. Spun off a technology group within Oracle in

1992. Oracle board member until 1993.

Ed Oates : Co-founder of the company. Retired from Oracle in 1996.

Bruce Scott: One of the first employees (number 4) at Oracle (then Software Development

Laboratories), Scott served as the co-author and co-architect of Oracle V1, V2 and V3.

He originated the sample schema "SCOTT" (containing tables like EMP and DEPT) with the

password defaulted to TIGER (named after his cat).[72]

Together with Umang Gupta in 1984, Scott co-founded and became VP Engineering of Gupta

Technologies, which later became Centura Software. Subsequently he founded Inquiry.com,

again in the role of VP Engineering, and PointBase, Inc., where he acted as President and CEO.

In 2005, he moved to SenSage, Inc. as VP Engineering, and in 2006 additionally joined the

advisory board of Abrevity, Inc. In 2007, Scott became VP Engineering at ParAccel, Inc.

Umang Gupta : Former Vice President and General Manager (joined in 1981). Wrote the first

business plan for the company. Current Chairman and CEO of Keynote Systems, Inc.

Jeff Henley : Current Chairman (since 2004). Previously CFO of Oracle (1991–2004).

Safra Catz : Co-President (since 2004). In 2009 she was ranked by Fortune as the 12th most

powerful woman in business.

Charles Phillips : Past Co-President, replaced by Mark Hurd.

In 2009 Phillips was appointed a member of US President Obama's Economic Recovery Advisory

Board.

On January 21, 2010, Phillips' ex-mistress YaVaughnie Wilkins posted billboards in New York

City, San Francisco and Atlanta, revealing their extramarital affair to the public. While the

billboards were taken down after a number of days,[73] the mainstream media had already run the

story. As a result, Phillips issued a statement on January 21 saying: "I had an 8½-year serious

relationship with YaVaughnie Wilkins. My divorce proceedings began in 2008. The relationship

with Ms. Wilkins has since ended and we both wish each other well."[73][74]

Mark Hurd : Co-President (since 2010).

Before Oracle, Hurd was CEO, chairman and president of Hewlett-Packard. He was responsible

for turning HP into one of the world's largest and most profitable IT companies. He accomplished

this through large acquisitions and aggressive cost-cutting, including major employee layoffs and

pay cuts.

On August 6, 2010, Hurd resigned from all of his positions at HP, following discovery of

inappropriate conduct in an investigation into a claim of sexual harassment made by former

reality TV actress Jodie Fisher.[75]

On September 6, 2010, Hurd was hired by Oracle as Co-President.[67]

On September 7, 2010, Hurd was sued by HP "to protect HP’s trade secrets".

Offices

Oracle Corporation has its world headquarters on the San Francisco Peninsula in the Redwood

Shores area of Redwood City, adjacent to Belmont, near San Carlos Airport (IATA airport code: SQL).

Oracle HQ stands on the former site of Marine World Africa USA, which moved from Redwood Shores

to Vallejo in 1986. Oracle Corporation originally leased two buildings on the site, moving its finance and

administration departments from the corporation's former headquarters on Davis Drive, Belmont,

California. Eventually, Oracle purchased the complex and constructed a further four main buildings.

The Oracle Parkway buildings featured prominently as the futuristic headquarters of the fictional company

"NorthAm Robotics" in the Robin Williams film Bicentennial Man (1999).

500 Oracle Parkway at the Oracle Corp.

headquarters in Redwood Shores, California.

Oracle Aoyama Center Building, with

Lexus International Gallery Aoyama

Oracle HQ in Series

The Oracle Conference Center at the Oracle

Corp. headquarters in Redwood Shores,

California

Fountain in the Oracle lake, Redwood

Shores

Oracle Corporation have a major business

campus at Thames Valley Park in

Reading, England

Oracle Corporation HQ

See also

San Francisco Bay Area portal

Companies portal

List of acquisitions by Oracle

Oracle Applications

Oracle Certification Program

Oracle Clinical

Oracle OpenWorld  (cf MIX Conference)

Oracle Technology Network

Oracle Enterprise Linux

Oracle User Group

References

1. ^ a b Oracle.com FAQ, oraFAQ.com

2. ^ a b c d e "Financial Tables". Oracle Corporation Investor Relations. Retrieved 2010-02-18.

3. ̂  Oracle SEC Filings, see form 10k dated 10-K 07/01/2010

4. ̂  Verberne, Balder (2008-08-07). "Software Top 100: Highlights".Software Top 100 website. Software Top

100 Foundation. Retrieved 2009-07-19. "The Top 10 saw little changes in 2008. [...] All companies in the

first 7 positions stayed in their seats. Microsoft leads the Software Top 100 as it has done for at least five

years in a row. The company extended its lead over IBM and Oracle. [...] Oracle –number 3- stayed on its

acquisitive path and grew revenues with 14%."

5. ̂  NY Daily News: Oracle's Larry Ellison grabs top spot on best-paid list

6. ̂  CEOWorld Magazine:University of Illinois drop out Lawrence J. Ellison of Oracle: highest paid Technology

CEO

7. ̂  [1], page 1. Retrieved 2010-07-16

8. ̂  Codd, E.F. (1970). "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks". Communications of the

ACM 13 (6): 377–387.doi:10.1145/362384.362685.

9. ^ a b Niemiec, Richard (2003). Oracle9i Performance Tuning Tips & Techniques. New York:

McGraw-Hill/Osborne. ISBN 0072224738.

10. ̂  Oracle anniversary timeline, page 4. Retrieved 2008-05-15

11. ̂  Oracle Systems Corporation Renamed Oracle Corporation

12. ̂  Oracle anniversary timeline,

13. ̂  Oracle Content Management SDK

14. ̂  http://www.sans.org/press/oracle_pass.php Oracle Password Hashing Algorithm Weaknesses and

Vulnerability

15. ̂  http://awads.net/wp/2005/11/10/oracle-responds-to-the-password-hashing-algorithm-paper/ letter to

customers

16. ̂  Brian Carr et al, "Oracle 11g Security Enhancements," Oracle 11g New Features, Rampant Tech Press,

North Carolina, 2008.

17. ̂  "Oracle Sues SAP". Oracle Corporation. Retrieved 2008-11-11. "On March 22, 2007, Oracle filed a lawsuit

in U.S. Federal District Court in the Northern District of California against SAP. Among the claims made

against SAP are violations of the Federal Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and California Computer Data

Access and Fraud Act, Unfair Competition, Intentional and Negligent Interference with Prospective

Economic Advantage and Civil Conspiracy."

18. ̂  Oracle to Acquire BEA Systems Press release viaprnewswire.com Jan 16 2008

19. ̂  Oracle Introduces The HP Oracle Database Machine: Delivering 10x Faster Performance Than Current

Oracle Data Warehouses

20. ̂  Oracle launches Enterprise Manager Ops Center

21. ̂  "Oracle Buys Phase Forward". Taume News. 2010-04-18. Retrieved 2010-04-19.

22. ̂  Oracle indicted for Fraud by the Department of Justice

23. ̂  Eric Lai (2009-05-04). "Oracle aims at Microsoft with upgraded Beehive collaboration". Computerworld.

Retrieved 2009-05-15.

24. ̂  "Oracle Collaboration Suite". Basex: TechWatch. Basex. 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-06. "We recently had

our first look at the new version of Beehive, Oracle’s collaboration solution and replacement for the Oracle

Collaboration Suite."

25. ̂  Grancher, Eric (2009-05-15). "Oracle and storage IOs, explanations and experience at

CERN" (PDF). CERN-IT-Note-2009-005. Geneva: CERN. p. 4. Retrieved 2010-01-17. "The Oracle Exadata

storage server version 1 is a solution developed by Oracle and HP in which part of the processing, normally

performed by the database instance, is performed at the storage system level."

26. ̂  "Q Software: The JD Edwards Security People". Q Software Global Limited. 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-30.

"Q Software is the first Oracle Certified Partner to provide security, risk management and compliance

software with Oracle-validated integration to JD Edwards EnterpriseOne and World."

27. ̂  "Oracle Academy". oracle.com. Retrieved 2009-06-04.

28. ̂  Oracle University oracle.com

29. ̂  "Global Customer Support Security Practices" (PDF). Oracle Corporation. 2008-04-01. pp. 1. Retrieved

2008-08-25. "Your registration on MetaLink uses a unique Customer Support Identifier (CSI) linked to your

Support contract."

30. ̂  "Global Customer Support Security Practices" (PDF). Oracle Corporation. 2008-04-01. pp. 1. Retrieved

2008-08-25. "GCS is a global operation, with Service Request (SR) management based on global

competencies"

31. ̂  "Oracle Introduces Next-generation Customer Support Platform: My Oracle Support". Oracle Press

releases. California: Oracle Corporation. 2008-09-22. Retrieved 2008-09-25. "My Oracle Support integrates

Oracle's [...] support portal, Oracle MetaLink, with its [...] configuration management platform, Oracle

Software Configuration Manager, to deliver [..] support capabilities"[dead link]

32. ̂  Critical Patch Updates and Security Alerts. Retrieved 2008-05-15.

33. ̂  Oracle cuts rewards for last-minute deals Gilbert, Alorie (2002-06-20). CNET News.com via zdnetasia.com

34. ̂  Galante, Suzanne (June 9, 1997). "Informix drops Oracle lawsuit". CNet.

35. ̂  The Real Story of Informix Software and Phil White Author: Steve W. Marting,

Website: storyofinformix.com Amazon link

36. ̂ http://www.oracle.com/corporate/analyst/reports/infrastructure/dbms/idc-201692.pdf

37. ̂  [2]

38. ̂  Vonage places call for EnterpriseDB database Eric Lai, 20th Nov 2006, computerworld.com

39. ̂  Karen Gullo and Connie Guglielmo (March 22, 2007). "Oracle Claims Rival SAP Stole Software and Data

(Update4)".Bloomberg. Retrieved 2007-03-22.

40. ̂  Pendse, Nigel (March 7, 2008). "Consolidations in the BI industry". The OLAP Report.

41. ̂  "Oracle – the #1 Database for Deploying SAP Applications". Oracle Corporation. Retrieved 2008-11-11.

"Two thirds of SAP customers around the world, in every industry, choose to run their applications on

Oracle databases."

42. ̂  Oracle Helping SAP Customers to get "OFF SAP" Oracle press release, 14th Jun 2005, oracle.com

43. ̂  Oracle sues SAP 3rd July 2007 oracle.com

44. ̂  Gohring, Nancy; Elizabeth Montalbano. "Maintenance Contracts at Heart of Oracle, SAP Dispute". CIO

India. Retrieved 2008-06-09.

45. ̂  The lawsuit As barometer: SAP finally scores big with TomorrowNow Joshua Greenbaum, 22nd Mar

2007,blogs.ZDNet.com

46. ̂  SAP Responds to Oracle Complaint

47. ̂  Davidson, Mary Ann (February 2002). "Unbreakable: Oracle's Commitment to Security" (PDF). Redwood

Shores, California: Oracle Corporation. p. 2. Retrieved 2010-03-21. "Beginning in November 2001, Oracle

began a marketing campaign: Unbreakable. The security portions of the campaign reference Oracle’s 14

independent security evaluations [...]"

48. ̂  "Executive Strategy Weekly Edition". Oracle Information inDepth Newsletters. Oracle Corporation. 2009-

01-07. Retrieved 2009-09-21. "In the first installment of the Oracle ClearView video series, host Richard

Levitt explains how Oracle Exadata—the combination of superfast HP hardware and supersmart Oracle

software—is bringing powerful benefits to the enterprise."

49. ̂  Oracle Rethinks Its Dumpster-Diving Ways 29 April 2004, Lisa Vaas, eweek.com

50. ̂  Swing Shift Column, San Jose Mercury News (San Jose, California) (via Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business

News) (December , 2000)

51. ̂  "Bugs bust open 'unbreakable' Oracle 9i

url=http://www.zdnet.co.uk/news/application-development/2002/02/07/bugs-bust-open-unbreakable-oracle-

9i-2103903/". February 7, 2002.

52. ̂  The Register: "Oracle security claim"

53. ̂  The Register: "How to hack unbreakable Oracle"

54. ̂  Oracle list of major Security certifications Oracle list of major Security certifications

55. ̂  Chicago Tribune: "Ashcroft breaks with tradition by lobbying, has earned $269,000"

56. ̂  Commission clears Oracle's proposed acquisition of Sun Microsystems

57. ̂  Vance, Ashlee (September 21, 2010). "Oracle Growth Plans Worry Rivals and Customers". The New York

Times.

58. ̂  Justice Department sues Oracle, alleging fraud

59. ̂  Phase Forward Inc - FORM 8-K - August 11, 2010

60. ̂  Oracle's Health Care Power Play

61. ̂  Impact of Oracle Acquisition of Phase Forward

62. ̂  http://news.cnet.com/8301-30684_3-20013546-265.html

63. ̂  http://mobile.venturebeat.com/2010/08/12/oracle-sues-google-over-android/

64. ̂  http://tirania.org/blog/archive/2010/Aug-13.html

65. ̂  http://www.fiercecio.com/story/oracles-lawsuit-against-google-could-have-far-reaching-ramifications/2010-

08-15

66. ̂  http://pastebin.com/YtuvZkUJ

67. ^ a b Oracle hires former HP's Mark Hurd

68. ^ a b Court Filing: HP Civil Complaint Against Mark Hurd

69. ̂  BMW Oracle wins America's Cup, ESPN.com, 2010-02-14; "Ellison and Kostecki were the only Americans

on BMW Oracle's crew for the clincher."

70. ̂  http://news.cnet.com/8301-13860_3-20012631-56.html

71. ̂  Vance, Ashlee (August 9, 2010). "Oracle Chief Faults H.P. Board for Forcing Hurd's Resignation". The

New York Times.

72. ̂  Naudé, Frank. "So, who is Scott?". FAQ about Oracle Corporation. Oracle FAQ. Retrieved 2009-09-09.

"Bruce Scott was one of the first employees at [...] Software Development Laboratories [...] Bruce was co-

author and co-architect of Oracle V1, V2 and V3. The SCOTT schema (EMP and DEPT tables), with

password TIGER, was created by him. Tiger was the name of his cat."

73. ^ a b Kennedy, Helen (2010-01-22). "Billboard with Charles Phillips and mistress YaVaughnie Wilkins yanked

from Times Square".New York Daily News. Retrieved 2010-01-22.

74. ̂  May, Patrick (2010-01-22). "Oracle exec's dirty laundry hung up on Times Square". San Jose Mercury

News. Retrieved 2010-01-22.

75. ̂  Actress Is Identified in Hewlett-Packard Scandal, NYtimes.com

76. ̂  IMDb: Trivia for Bicentennial Man

77. ̂  "Golden State Warriors, Oracle Reach Arena Naming Rights Agreement". October 20, 2006.

78. ̂  Shankland, Stephen (February 16, 2010). "Ellison's team wins long-sought sailing trophy".

79. ̂  Team Oracle Sponsors and Suppliers