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Robust Optimization and Applications Laurent El Ghaoui [email protected] IMA Tutorial, March 11, 2003

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Page 1: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Robust Optimizationand Applications

Laurent El [email protected]

IMA Tutorial, March 11, 2003

Page 2: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Thanks

Page 3: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Optimization models

Page 4: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Pitfalls

Page 5: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Robust Optimization Paradigm

Page 6: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Approximating a robust solution

Page 7: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Agenda

Page 8: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

LP as a conic problem

Page 9: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Second-order cone programming

Page 10: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Semidefinite programming

Page 11: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Dual form of conic program

Page 12: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Robust conic programming

Page 13: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Polytopic uncertainty

Page 14: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Robust LP

Page 15: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Robust LP with ellipsoidal uncertainty

Page 16: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Robust LP as SOCP

Page 17: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Example: robust portfolio design

Page 18: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Solution of robust portfolio problem

Page 19: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Robust SOCP

Page 20: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Example: robust least-squares

Page 21: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Robust SDP

Page 22: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Example: robust control

Page 23: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Analysis of robust conic problems

Page 24: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Relaxations

Page 25: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Quality estimates

Page 26: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Quality estimates: some results

Page 27: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

restriction

Page 28: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Sampling

Page 29: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Variations on Robust Conic Programming

Page 30: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

A Boolean problem

Page 31: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Max-quad as a robust LP

Page 32: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Rank relaxation

Page 33: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Boolean optimization: geometric approach

Page 34: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

SDP for boolean / nonconvex optimization

• geometric and algebraic approaches are dual (see later), yield the same upper bound

•SDP provides upper bound

may recover primal variable by sampling

• approach extends to many problems

eg, problems with (nonconvex) quadratic constraints & objective

•in some cases, quality of relaxation is provably good

Page 35: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Robust boolean optimization

Page 36: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

SDP relaxation of robust problem

Page 37: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Chance-constrained programming

Page 38: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Problems with adjustable parameters

Page 39: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Adjustable parameters: some results

Page 40: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Link with feedback control

Page 41: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Challenges

Page 42: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Set estimation

Page 43: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Part I: summary

Page 44: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams
Page 45: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Part II: Contextual Applications

Page 46: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Robust path planning

Page 47: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Uncertainty in Markov Decision Process

Page 48: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Agenda

Page 49: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Markov decision problem

Page 50: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Previous Work

Page 51: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Robust dynamic programming

Page 52: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Inner problem

Page 53: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Worst-case performance of a policy

Page 54: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Describing uncertainty

Page 55: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Joint estimation and optimization

Page 56: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Estimating a transition matrix

Page 57: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Likelihood regions

Page 58: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

likelihood regions

Page 59: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Reduction to a 1-D problem

Page 60: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Complexity results

Page 61: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Application to aircraft routing

Page 62: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Markov chain model for the storms

0 1

p q

1-p

1-q

Page 63: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

information update and recourse

Page 64: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Dynamic programming model

Page 65: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Nominal algorithm

Page 66: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Sample path planning

Page 67: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Improvements over obvious strategies

49.81%54.78%Scenario 2

42.76%66.42%Scenario 1

Over-optimistic Strategy (ignore storm and apply recourse at the last moment, if needed)

Conservative Strategy (avoid storm)

Improvement

Scenario

Page 68: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Robustness

Page 69: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Optimality vs. uncertainty level

Page 70: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Errors in uncertainty level

Page 71: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Extensions

Page 72: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Summary of results

Page 73: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Some references

Page 74: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Robust Classification

Page 75: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Linear Classification

Page 76: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

What is a classifier?

Page 77: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Classification constraints

Page 78: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

robust classification: support vector machine

Page 79: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

box uncertainty model

Page 80: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

formulations

Page 81: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

extensions

Page 82: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

minimax probability machine

Page 83: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Problem statement

Page 84: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

SOCP formulation

Page 85: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Dual problem

Page 86: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Geometric interpretation

Page 87: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Robust classification: summary of results

Page 88: Optimization Applications - EECS at UC Berkeleyelghaoui/Talks/talkIMA2003b.pdf · Optimization Applications Laurent El Ghaoui u 03. Thanks. models. ... (IMA) Mike Todd, Scot Adams

Wrap-up