optical transport network & optical transport module
DESCRIPTION
Optical Transport Network & Optical Transport Module. "Digital Wrapper". Maarten Vissers Consulting Member of Technical Staff Lucent Technologies email: [email protected]. April 2002. OTN Rationale OTN Layer Networks Multi level Connection Monitoring OTM Signals Maintenance Signals - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Optical Transport Network & Optical Transport Module
"Digital Wrapper"
Maarten VissersConsulting Member of Technical StaffLucent Technologiesemail: [email protected]
April 2002
2
April 2002
ContentsContents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards
3
April 2002
ContentsContents
OTN Rationale OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards
OTN Characteristics
Transitional Approaches
Final Phase
O/E/O processing objectives
Digital processing objectives
4
April 2002
OTN CharacteristicsOTN Characteristics
New transport networking layer (carrier grade solution)• Next step (after SDH/SONET) to support ever growing data
driven needs for bandwidth and emergence of new broadband services
– Terrabit/second per fiber via DWDM lines (transport level)– Gigabit/second paths at 2.5 Gb/s, 10 Gb/s, 40 Gb/s
(networking level)• Service transparency for SDH/SONET, ETHERNET, ATM, IP,
MPLS – No change of SDH/SONET!– One exception; interpretation of STM-LOF alarm + STM-
AIS due to OTN fail• Enhanced OAM & networking functionality for all services• Shortest physical layer stack for data services (IP OTN
Fiber)
5
April 2002
OTN CharacteristicsOTN Characteristics
Gigabit level bandwidth granularity required to scale and manage multi-Terabit networks
• Wavelength level switching maximizes nodal switching capacity, the gating factor for reconfigurable network capacity
• Avoids very large numbers of fine granularity pipes that stress network planning, administration, survivability, and management
6
April 2002
Transitional Approaches - AssessmentTransitional Approaches - Assessment
Extended SDH (attempt at creating a new layer using SDH elements)• Bandwidth multiplication by means of TDM more Gigabit/s on
fiber (4x)• Proprietary approaches attempting to carry lower rate STM-N
[including all overhead] as a “service” within a higher rate STM-M (M>N)– strongly limited: SDH multiplexing hierarchy not designed to carry
the STM-N (i.e. “itself”) as a service No timing transparency 90% of STM-N/OC-N overhead bytes not passed through No STM-N/OC-N independent monitoring
– Multiple proprietary implementations created in industry no interworking
7
April 2002
Transitional Approaches - AssessmentTransitional Approaches - Assessment
Pre-OTN WDM (simple transport - vs. networking - solution)• Bandwidth multiplication by means of WDM Terabit/s on fiber
(100x)• Client signal (e.g. STM-N, GbE) direct on wavelength
– simple transport, no monitoring – or client specific non-intrusive monitoring
per client type a monitor is needed additional client type implies additional monitor to be
added– alarm suppression signal (e.g. AIS) specific per client type
additional client type implies additional alarm suppression signal to be added
• Point-to-point application that can transport STM-N/OC-N as a service
8
April 2002
Final PhaseFinal Phase
OTN (networking solution)• Management enabler of WDM network by means of addition of:
– Overhead to "" and "multi-" signals "non-associated" or "out-of-channel" overhead; e.g.
preventing alarm storms– Optical Channel (OCh) layer
STM-N, IP, ATM and Ethernet signals mapped ("wrapped") into OCh frame (OCh Data Unit (ODUk))
• First transmission technology in which each stakeholder gets its own (ODUk) connection monitoring
• In addition ODUk supports/provides: – STM-N independent monitoring, becoming a service signal "itself",
shortest physical layer stack for data services, TDM muxing, STM-N inverse multiplexing, client independent protection switching, plesiochronous timing (no sync network required)
9
April 2002
O/E/O ObjectivesO/E/O Objectives
Minimise O/E/O processing in OTN• O/E/O processing at edges of administrative/vendor
(sub)domains– Span engineering
• O/E/O processing at edges of protected or switched domain– Span engineering (short/long route effects)– Signal Fail & Signal Degrade condition determination
If more than 1 optical transparent subnetwork is included• O/E/O processing at intermediate points
– Span engineering (long line sections)– Losses in optical fabrics
• O/E & E/O processing around electrical fabric
10
April 2002
Digital Processing ObjectivesDigital Processing Objectives
Digital processing at locations where O/E/O is already performed
• Fault and degradation detection• Service Level Agreement (SLA) verification• Signal Fail & Signal Degrade condition determination for
protection and restoration (e.g. if high accuracy is required)
11
April 2002
ContentsContents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks Multi level Connection
Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards
Layer Networks
Client Signals
Optical Channel Structure
Containment Relationships
Example of Layer Network Trails
OTN Interfaces
Standardised and "Proprietary" Stacks
12
April 2002
OTN Layer Networks & Client SignalsOTN Layer Networks & Client Signals Three new layer
networks:• one "Gbit/s" path
layer– OCh
• two section layers
– OMSn– OTSn
• single channel section layer:
– OPS0
Client signals:• IP/MPLS• ATM• Ethernet• STM-N
Optical Multiplex Section (OMSn)layer network
Optical Transmission Section (OTSn)layer network
Optical Transport Module of order n (OTM-n, n1)
IP/MPLS ATM ETHERNET STM-N
OTMPhysicalSection(OPSn)
OTM-0OTM-nr, n>1
STM-N GbE
Interworkingwith pre-OTN
Optical Channel (OCh) layer network
13
April 2002
Optical Channel StructureOptical Channel Structure
Optical Channel layer network consists of 3+1 structures:• Digital:
– OCh Data Unit (ODUk)
– OCh Payload Unit (OPUk, k=1,2,3)
– OCh Transport Unit (OTUk, OTUkV)
• Analogue: OCh
Optical Channel Data Unit (ODUk)
OPUm (m>k)
ODUm (m>k)
ODUk CF
TD
M
Multiplexing (TDM)• ODUk multiplexing
ODUk virtual concatenation
CF: Connection Function
Optical Channel Transport Unit(OTUk, OTUkV)
Optical Channel (OCh)OCh CF
ST
M-N
GbE
IP ATM ETHERNET STM-N
Optical Channel Payload Unit (OPUk)
14
April 2002
Optical Transport Module
OPSn
OTUk Optical Channel (OCh)
Optical Channel Carrier (OCC)OCC OCC OCC
Client
ODUk FECOH OCh Transport Unit (OTUk)
OPUkOH OCh Data Unit (ODUk)
ClientOH OCh Payload Unit (OPUk)
Wra
pp
er
Ass
ocia
ted
over
hea
d
OTN Containment RelationshipsOTN Containment Relationships
OPS0
Optical Physical Section
OTM Overhead Signal
Optical Supervisory ChannelOSC
OOS
OSC
OH
OH
OH
Non
-ass
ocia
ted
ove
rhea
d
OMSn
OTSn
Optical Multiplex Section
Optical Transmission Section
15
April 2002
OTN Layer Network TrailsOTN Layer Network Trails
Example of OTSn, OMSn, OCh, OTUk, ODUk, OPS0 trails• Transport of STM-N signal via OTM-0, OTM-n and STM-N lines
DXC 3R3R
3R
OTSn OTSn OTSn OTSn OTSnOMSn OMSn OMSn
STM-NODUk
Client
Client
3R
DXC
OPS0 OSn
OT
M-0
OT
M-n
ST
M-N
ODXC
OCADMLT R R LT
LT Line Terminal w/ optical channel multiplexingOCADM Optical Channel Add/Drop MultiplexerODXC ODU Cross-Connect3R O/E/O w/ Reamplification, Reshaping & Retiming and monitoringR Repeater
OCh, OTUk OCh, OTUkOCh, OTUk
16
April 2002
OTN InterfacesOTN Interfaces User to Network Interface (UNI)
Network Node Interface (NNI)• Inter Domain Interface (IrDI)• Intra Domain Interface (IaDI)
between equipment of different vendors (IrVI) within subnetwork of one vendor (IaVI)
OTMUNI
OTM NNIIaDI-IrVI
OTM NNIIaDI-IaVI
OTM NNIIaDI-IaVI
Network Operator B
Vendor X Vendor Y
OTMNNIIrDI
NetworkOperator
C
USERA
17
April 2002
OMSn
OTSn
OTM-n.mFullfunctionality
OCh
OTUkV OTUkV
used within OTN transparentsubnetworks; implementationsare very much technology dependent
OTUk
ODUk
Clients (e.g. STM-N, ATM, IP, Ethernet)
OPUk
ODUkP
ODUkT
OPSn
OTM-0.mOTM-nr.mReduced
functionality
OChr
OC
h
su
bs
tru
ctu
re
OTUk
used between (and within) OTNtransparent subnetworks
Standardised & "Proprietary" stacksStandardised & "Proprietary" stacks
Proprietary elements:
OTM-n.m • optical parameters• number of
wavelengths• bit rates of
wavelengths• supervisory
channel
OTUkV• FEC• frame format• ODUk mapping
18
April 2002
ContentsContents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards
Application
Nesting
Overlapping
19
April 2002
Multi-level Connection Monitoring:ApplicationsMulti-level Connection Monitoring:Applications
NO A
NO B NO C
USR1
USR2
ODUk
ODUk
Path CM
Verify QoS CM
UNI-UNI CM
NNI-NNI CM
Working
Protection
W/P CM
ClientSignal
ClientSignal
QoS of client signal transport is monitored by UserQoS of provided leased circuit is monitored by Service ProviderQoS of provided leased circuit is monitored by Network OperatorQoS provided by leased circuit is monitored by UserStatus of working [protection] connection is monitored for SF and SD switch conditions
ODUk switched circuit: UNI-UNI CM to initiate "connection re-establishment"
20
April 2002
Multi-level Connection Monitoring:NestingMulti-level Connection Monitoring:Nesting
A1 B1 C1 C2 B2 B3 B4 A2
A1 - A2
B1 - B2
C1 - C2
B3 - B4
TCM1 TCM1
TCM2
TCM1
TCM2
TCM3
TCM1
TCM2
TCM1 TCM1
TCM2
TCM1
TCM2
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCMi TCM OH field not in use TCMi TCM OH field in use
TCM2
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM2
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
21
April 2002
Multi-level Connection Monitoring:Nesting and OverlappingMulti-level Connection Monitoring:Nesting and Overlapping
A1 B1 C1 C2B2 A2
A1 - A2
B1 - B2
C1 - C2
TCM1 TCM1
TCM2
TCM1
TCM2
TCM3
TCM1
TCM2
TCM1
TCMi TCM OH field not in use TCMi TCM OH field in use
TCM2
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM2
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM3
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
TCM4
TCM5
TCM6
22
April 2002
ContentsContents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection Monitoring
OTM Signals Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards
OTM Interface Signals• OTM-16r.m• OTM-0.m• OTM-n.m
OTM Signals versus OTN I/F
OTM Overhead Signal
Frame Formats• OTUk, ODUk
Overhead• OTUk, ODUk
OTUkV
Overhead versus OTN I/F
23
April 2002
OTM-16r.m Signal (m=1,2,3,12,23,123)OTM-16r.m Signal (m=1,2,3,12,23,123)
Up to 16 wavelengths carrying traffic, with fixed 200 GHz grid independent of bit rate (2G5, 10G, 40G)
Optical parameters according to ITU-T Recommendation G.959.1
Bit rate and format of the associated overhead according to ITU-T Recommendation G.709
No Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)• non-associated overhead not required; i.e. 3R points at each end, no
repeaters
OT
M-1
6r.
m
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fram
e Alig
nmen
t ,
OTUk,
ODUk &
OPUk
Overhe
ad Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fram
e Alig
nmen
t ,
OTUk,
ODUk &
OPUk
Overhe
ad Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fram
e Alig
nmen
t ,
OTUk,
ODUk &
OPUk
Overhe
ad Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fram
e Alig
nmen
t ,
OTUk,
ODUk &
OPUk
Overhe
ad Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fram
e Alig
nmen
t
OTUk,
ODUk &
OPUk
Overhe
ad Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC(4 x 256 bytes)
24
April 2002
OTM-0.m Signal (m=1,2,3)OTM-0.m Signal (m=1,2,3)
Single channel signal ("colourless": 1310 or 1550 nm)
Optical parameters according to ITU-T Recommendation G.959.1
Bit rate and format of the associated overhead according to ITU-T Recommendation G.709
No Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)• non-associated overhead not required; i.e. 3R points at each end, no
repeaters
OT
M-0
.m1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC(4 x 256 bytes)
Fram
e Alig
nmen
t ,
OTUk,
ODUk &
OPUk
Overhe
ad
25
April 2002
OTM-n.m Signal (m=1,2,3,12,23,123)OTM-n.m Signal (m=1,2,3,12,23,123)
Up to "n" wavelengths carrying traffic, with a grid dependent on bit rate
1 "out-of-band" Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) transporting the OTM Overhead Signal (OOS)
OTM Overhead Signal transports OTS, OMS, OCh (non-associated) overhead and General management communications
OT
M-n
.m
OTM Overhead Signal (OOS)
n
OSC
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fram
e Alig
nmen
t ,
OTUk,
ODUk &
OPUk
Overhe
ad Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fram
e Alig
nmen
t ,
OTUk,
ODUk &
OPUk
Overhe
ad Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fram
e Alig
nmen
t ,
OTUk,
ODUk &
OPUk
Overhe
ad Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fram
e Alig
nmen
t ,
OTUk,
ODUk &
OPUk
Overhe
ad Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC(4 x 256 bytes)
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Fram
e Alig
nmen
t
OTUk,
ODUk &
OPUk
Overhe
ad Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
3825 4080
OTUk FEC(4 x 256 bytes)
3
26
April 2002
OTM Signals versus OTN InterfacesOTM Signals versus OTN Interfaces
OTM-n.m OTM-16r.m OTM-0.m
UNI - X(Note 1,2)
X(Note 1,2)
IrDI - X(Note 1,3)
X(Note 1,3)
IrVI - X(Note 1,4)
X(Note 1,4)
NNI
IaDI
IaVI X X X
Note 1 - These interfaces require an OTUk to be present.
Note 2 - A restricted set of ODUk overhead is transparently transported through the network. This issubject of regulations.
Note 3 - A restricted set of ODUk overhead is transparently transported through the network(s) ofthe downstream operator(s). This is subject of regulations.
Note 4 - A restricted set of ODUk overhead is transparently transported through the downstreamsubnetwork(s) with equipment of (an)other vendor(s).
Note 5 - Other OTM interfaces may be added in future versions of G.709.
27
April 2002
OTM Overhead Signal (OOS)«Non-associated overhead»OTM Overhead Signal (OOS)«Non-associated overhead»
BDI: Backward Defect IndicationFDI-O: Forward Defect Indication - OverheadFDI-P: Forward Defect Indication - Payload
OCI: Open Connection IndicationPMI: Payload Missing IndicationTTI: Trail Trace Identifier
OOS functions subject to standardization
OOS bit rate & format not standardized
Non
-Ass
ocia
ted
over
hea
d
OT
Sn
n
32
OC
h
1
General Management Communications
Vendor
Specific
OM
Sn
FDI-O
FDI-P
OCI
OCh OH extensions may be expected in future to support e.g. OCh protection (e.g. OCh SPring)
BDI-O
BDI-P
PMI
FDI-P
FDI-O
BDI-O
BDI-P
PMI
TTI
28
April 2002
OTUk and ODUk frame formats (k=1,2,3)OTUk and ODUk frame formats (k=1,2,3)
38
25
40
80
1 7 8 14
15
16
17
38
24
1
2
3
4
OPU k PayloadO
PU
k O
H
OPUk - Optical Channel Payload Unit
ODUk
ODUk - Optical Channel Data Unit
Client Signalmapped in
OPUk Payload
Client Signal
OTUkFEC
OTUk OH
OTUk - Optical Channel Transport Unit
Alignm
Alignment
k indicates the order:1 2.5G2 10G3 40G
OT
Uk
bit ra
te: 25
5/(239-k
) * "ST
M-N
"OD
Uk
bit
ra
te:
239
/(2
39
-k)
* "S
TM
-N"
29
April 2002
OTUk and ODUk Overhead (k=1,2,3)«Associated overhead»OTUk and ODUk Overhead (k=1,2,3)«Associated overhead»
Alignm
OPU k Payload
OP
Uk
OH
ODUk
OTUk OH
1
2
3
4
1 16Row
Column
7 8
FRAME ALIGNMENT OVERHEAD AREA OTUk SPECIFIC OVERHEAD AREA
ODUk SPECIFIC OVERHEAD AREA
14 15
OP
Uk
SP
EC
IFIC
OV
ER
HE
AD
AR
EA
PSI
EXP
TCMACT
TCM5 TCM4
TCM3 TCM2 TCM1
TCM6
GCC1 GCC2
FTFL
PM
RES
RESAPS/PCC
SM RESGCC0FAS MFAS
0 1 109 127
FaultIndication
Field
OperatorIdentifier
Operator Specific
128 129 138137 255
FaultIndication
Field
OperatorIdentifier
Operator Specific
Forward Backward
FTFL
Mapping& ConcatSpecific
Mapping& ConcatSpecific255
0
1PT
TTI BIP-8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3
PM
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BEI BD
I
STAT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 15
Source AccessPoint Identifier
32 63
Operator Specific
16 31
Destination AccessPoint IdentifierTTI
TC
Mi
STATTTI BIP-8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BEI/BIAE BD
I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
RESIAETC
Mi
TTI BIP-8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BEI/BIAE BD
I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
MFAS: MultiFrame Alignment SignalPCC: Protection Communication Control channelPM: Path MonitoringPSI: Payload Structure IdentifierRES: Reserved for future international standardisationSM: Section MonitoringTCM: Tandem Connection Monitoring
ACT: Activation/deactivation control channelAPS: Automatic Protection Swiching coordination channelEXP: ExperimentalFAS: Frame Alignment SignalFTFL: Fault Type & Fault Location reporting channelGCC: General Communication Channel
JC
JC
JC
NJO PJO
RES
RES
RES
30
April 2002
OTUkV (k=1,2,3)OTUkV (k=1,2,3)
Frame format is vendor specific
Forward Error Correction code is vendor specific
Minimum overhead set to support is:• Trail Trace Identifier• Error Detection Code (e.g. BIP)• Backward Defect Indicator• Backward Error Indicator• (Backward) Incoming Alignment Error
Other overhead is vendor specific
ODUk mapping into OTUkV is vendor specific
31
April 2002
Overhead versus OTN InterfacesOverhead versus OTN Interfaces
OTM Interface Ports on IP Router, ATM Switch, Ethernet Switch and SDH equipment should support the following minimum set of overhead
• OPUk Client Specific• OPUk Payload Structure Identifier (PSI)• ODUk Path Monitoring (PM)• OTUk Section Monitoring (SM)• Frame Alignment (FAS, MFAS)
1
2
3
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
FAS MFAS
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
PM
PSI
SM
OP
Uk
Pa
yload
OT
Uk
FE
C
all-0's pattern
ClientSpecific
32
April 2002
Overhead versus OTN Interfaces Overhead versus OTN Interfaces
Overhead passed through network• OTM UNI to OTM UNI• OTM NNI IrDI to OTM NNI IrDI
OTMUNI
USERA
NetworkOperator
K
OTMNNI IrDI
NetworkOperator
L
OTMNNI IrDI
NetworkOperator
M
OTMUNI
UserZ
33
April 2002
Overhead versus OTN InterfacesOverhead versus OTN Interfaces
Overhead passed through network from OTM UNI to OTM UNI interface
• OPUk PSI, Client Specific• ODUk PM, TCM ACT, TCM1..TCMn, TCM ACT, RES• ODUk GCC1, GCC2 according contract• ODUk APS/PCC definition is under study
1
2
3
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
FAS MFAS
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
PM
PSI
SM
OP
Uk
Pa
yloa
d
OT
Uk
FE
C
based on regulations and contractTCM1..TCMn are passed through,TCMn+1..TCM6 may be overwritten
ClientSpecific
GCC1 GCC2
RES TCMACT
FTFL
GCC0 RES
EXP
APS/PCC RES
passed through terminated and re-inserted
TCM6 TCM5 TCM4
TCM3 TCM2 TCM1
definition is under study
based on contract may be overwritten in network
34
April 2002
Overhead versus OTN InterfacesOverhead versus OTN Interfaces
Overhead passed through network from OTM NNI IrDI to OTM NNI IrDI interface
• OPUk PSI, Client Specific• ODUk PM, TCM ACT, TCM1..TCMm, TCM ACT, FTFL, RES
– "m" in TCMm > "n" in TCMn (UNI-UNI)
• ODUk GCC1, GCC2 according contract• ODUk APS/PCC definition is under study
based on regulations and contractTCM1..TCMm are passed through,TCMm+1..TCM6 may be overwritten
1
2
3
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
FAS MFAS
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
PM
PSI
SM
OP
Uk
Pa
yloa
d
OT
Uk
FE
C
ClientSpecific
GCC1 GCC2
RES TCMACT
FTFL
GCC0 RES
EXP
APS/PCC RES
passed through terminated and re-inserted
TCM6 TCM5 TCM4
TCM3 TCM2 TCM1
definition is under study
based on contract may be overwritten in network
35
April 2002
ContentsContents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards
Forward Defect Indication (FDI, AIS)
Backward Defect & Error Indication (BDI, BEI)
Open Connection Indication (OCI)
Locked (LCK)
Fault Type & Fault Location (FTFL)
36
April 2002
OTN Maintenance Signals: Alarm Suppression OTN Maintenance Signals: Alarm Suppression
R
R
R
R
R1000 /fiberx 96 fibers/cablex 5 cables/duct
= 500k lost signals==> 500k LOS alarms in network
OMS-FDI
use of OTN maintenancesignals FDI, AIS and PMI will
reduce number of alarms from 500k to 1 per broken fiber
3R
at 3R point OCh-FDIis converted into
ODUk-AIS
ODUk-AIS
OTS-PMI OTS-PMI
use of OTN maintenancesignal OTS-PMI (and OMS-PMI)
will prevent OTS [OMS] LOS alarmwhen none of s is presentOCh-FDI
OCh-FDI
OCh-FDI
OCh-FDI
at line termination pointOMS-FDI is converted
into OCH-FDI
37
April 2002
OTN Maintenance Signals: Alarm Suppression (FDI, AIS)OTN Maintenance Signals: Alarm Suppression (FDI, AIS)
OMSn
OC
h
OTSn OM
Sn
-FD
I
OC
h-F
DI OC
hO
Ch
-FD
I OC
hO
Ch
-FD
I OC
hO
Ch
-FD
I OC
hO
Ch
-FD
I OC
hO
Ch
-FD
I
OT
Uk
OT
Uk
-AIS
OD
Uk
OD
Uk
-AIS
Fu
ture
ser
ver
lay
erC
BR
(ST
M-N
)
ge
n-A
IS AT
M
VP
-AIS
IP
?
MP
LS
MP
LS
-FD
I
Eth
ern
et
?
OMSn-PMI
OTSn-PMI
OD
Uk
-AIS
AIS/FDI at• clients
AIS at• ODUk
AIS at• OTUk
FDI at• OCh
FDI/PMI at• OMSn
PMI at• OTSn
38
April 2002
OTN Maintenance Signals:Alarm Suppression (FDI, AIS)OTN Maintenance Signals:Alarm Suppression (FDI, AIS)
Generated at egress of OMSn, OCh and ODUk Link Connections
Inserted on detection of Signal Fail
OMSn-FDI and OCh-FDI• is non-associated overhead
ODUk-AIS• is special ODUk signal pattern (0xFF)
1
2
3
4
1 17 3824
All-1's pattern
87 14
FT
FL
FA OH OTUk OH
ST
AT
ST
AT
ST
AT
ST
AT
ST
AT
ST
AT
ST
AT
39
April 2002
Generic-AIS [STM-AIS]Generic-AIS [STM-AIS] New maintenance signal @ STM-N level
• a continuous repeating 2047-bit PN-11 (1 + x9 + x11) sequence
Generated in OTN tributary ports• ingress trib: on detection of STM-N LOS • egress trib: on detection of ODUk signal fail type defect
To be detected in SDH line/trib ports in addition to STM-LOF as "STM-AIS"
In existing equipment detected as STM-LOF
SDHOTN
with SDH tribOTN
with SDH trib SDH
STM-N
STM-N
OTM-n
OTM-n
LOS
ODUk
ODUkgen.AIS
framerSTMdAIS
OOF/IF
descr
gen.AIS
STM-N
STM-N
LOS
ODUk
ODUk gen.AIS
framerSTMdAIS
OOF/IF
descr
gen.AIS STM
dLOF
STMdLOF
detection
insertion
40
April 2002
OTN Maintenance Signals: Backward Information (BDI, BEI)OTN Maintenance Signals: Backward Information (BDI, BEI)
RDI/REI at• Clients
BDI/BEI at• ODUk• OTUk
No BI at• OCh
BDI at• OTSn• OMSn
OMSn
OC
h
OTSn
OC
h
OC
h
OC
h
OC
h
OC
h
OT
Uk
OD
Uk
Fu
ture
ser
ver
lay
erC
BR
(ST
M-N
)
AT
M
IP
MP
LS
Eth
ern
et
OMSn-BDI-POMSn-BDI-O
OTSn-BDI-POTSn-BDI-O
OTUk-BDIOTUk-BEI
ODUk-BDIODUk-BEI
RDIREI
RDIREI
? BDI ?
41
April 2002
OTN Maintenance Signals:Open Connection Indication (OCI)OTN Maintenance Signals:Open Connection Indication (OCI)
Generated in a Fabric
Inserted when output port is not connected to input port
OCh-OCI• is non-associated overhead
ODUk-OCI• special ODUk signal pattern (0x66)
1
2
3
4
1 17 3824
Repeating "0110 0110" pattern
FA OH
87
OTUk OH
14
ST
AT
ST
AT
ST
AT
ST
AT
ST
AT
ST
AT
ST
AT
42
April 2002
OTN Maintenance Signals:Locked (LCK)OTN Maintenance Signals:Locked (LCK)
Generated in ODUk Tandem Connection endpoint
Inserted when Administrative State is Locked• to block a user to access the connection• to prevent test patterns within the network entering a user
domain
ODUk-LCK• special ODUk signal pattern (0x55)
1
2
3
4
1 17 3824
Repeating "0101 0101" pattern
FA OH
87
OTUk OH
14
ST
AT
ST
AT
ST
AT
ST
AT
ST
AT
ST
AT
ST
AT
43
April 2002
Fault Type & Fault Location (FTFL)Fault Type & Fault Location (FTFL) Helps Service Provider to automatically locate fault/degradation to
specific Network Operator domain
No need to call around any longer
Section and Tandem Connection endpoints insert FTFL in forward direction on detection of SF or SD condition
Specific FTFL function at UNI• extracts forward info and sends it in opposite direction as backward info• filters outgoing and incoming FTFL information (security issue)
Specific FTFL extraction function • reads FTFL forward and backward information at intermediate point along
connectionCPE1
NO C
NO A
NO B NO D CUSTOMER
B:XA:XSP:X
X:A X:SP
IrD
I
IrD
I
IrD
I
IrD
I
IrD
I
IrD
I
B:X
OTUk Section TerminationODUk Tandem Connection TerminationODUk Path Termination ODUk UNI Tandem Connection Termination Equipment
44
April 2002
ContentsContents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards
CBR (e.g. STM-N)
IP, ETHERNET
ATM
Test Signals
Bit stream with/without octet timing
Bit Rate Agnostic CBR
45
April 2002
Mapping STM-N (N=16,64,256)Mapping STM-N (N=16,64,256) G.709 provides
two mappings for STM-N signals
• bit synchronous• asynchronous
G.709 defines interworking between both mappings
• common demapper, and
• bit synchronous mapping has fixed Justification Control (JC)
17 18 3824
1
2
3
4
PJO
NJO
JC
D D D3805D
D D D3805D
D D D3805D
D D3805D
JCJC
PS
IR
ES
RE
SR
ES
15 1617
PJO
3824
1905
1904
1920
1921
118 x 16D 119 x 16D
119 x 16D
119 x 16D
119 x 16D
1
2
3
4
NJO
JCJC
JCP
SI
RE
SR
ES
RE
S15 16
118 x 16D
118 x 16D
15D + 117 x 16D
16FS
16FS
16FS
16FS
17P
JO
3824
1264
1265
1280
1281
2544
2561
2545
2560
78 x 16D 79 x 16D1
2
3
4
NJO
JCJC
JCP
SI
RE
SR
ES
RE
S15 16
78 x 16D
78 x 16D
15D + 77 x 16D
16FS
16FS
16FS
16FS
79 x 16D
79 x 16D
79 x 16D
79 x 16D16FS
16FS
16FS
16FS
79 x 16D
79 x 16D
79 x 16D
ST
M-1
6S
TM
-64
ST
M-2
56
D: Data, FS: Fixed Stuff, JC: Justification Control, N/PJO: Negative/Positive Justification Opportunity
46
April 2002
Mapping IP and EthernetMapping IP and Ethernet G.709 provides an encapsulation for packet based client
signals
There is no need for SDH or 10G-Ethernet to encapsulate IP
A new protocol is being defined: Generic Framing Procedure• a generic mechanism to carry any packet signal over fixed rate
channels (e.g. SDH, SONET and OTN's ODUk) - ITU-T Rec. G.gfp
Bandwidth for GFP stream inODU1: 2 488 320 kbit/sODU2: 9 995 276 kbit/sODU3: 40 150 519 kbit/s
17 3824
OPUkOverhead
OPUk Payload
GFP Frame
bytes
1
2
3
4
RE
SR
ES
RE
SR
ES
PS
IR
ES
RE
SR
ES
15 16
RES
255
0
1PT
PSI
4 4-65535
GFP Idle Frame
bytes
4
47
April 2002
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5
X+4
X+5
PayloadHeader
PayloadInformation
Field
N
op
tion
alP
ayload
FC
S
8
9
ExtensionHeader
X+4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5
6
7
TYPE <15:08>
TYPE <07:00>
tHEC <15:08>
tHEC <07:00>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
2
3
4
PLI <15:08>
PLI <07:00>
cHEC <15:08>
cHEC <07:00>
N-3
N-2
N-1
pFCS <31:24>
pFCS <23:16>
pFCS <15:08>
pFCS <07:00>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
CoreHeader
PayloadArea
8
N
Octet
Bit
X+3 eHEC <15:08>
eHEC <07:00>
4 X 64
GFP Frame
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
2
3
4
Octet
Bit
00 (B6) hex
00 (AB) hex
00 (31) hex
00 (E0) hex
GFP Idle
PTI
UPI
9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
eHEC <15:08>
eHEC <07:00>
Spare <07:00>10
11
12
Linear with FrameMultiplexing
PF
I
EXI5
6
8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5
6
7
TYPE <15:08>
TYPE <07:00>
tHEC <15:08>
tHEC <07:00>
CID <07:00>
Nu
ll Hea
der
CID: Channel IDEXI: Extension Header IDFCS: Frame Check SeqHEC: Header Error CheckPFI: Payload FCS IndPLI: Payload Length IndPTI: Payload Type IDUPI: User Payload ID
N 65536
Generic Framing Procedure G.7041Generic Framing Procedure G.7041
48
April 2002
Mapping ATMMapping ATM G.709 provides a mapping for cell based client signals
Mapping ATM into ODUk is similar to mapping into SDH
17 3824
OPUkOverhead
OPUk Payload
ATM cell
53 bytes
1
2
3
4
RE
SR
ES
RE
SR
ES
PS
IR
ES
RE
SR
ES
15 16
RES
255
0
1PT
PSI Bandwidth for ATM stream inODU1: 2 488 320 kbit/sODU2: 9 995 276 kbit/sODU3: 40 150 519 kbit/s
49
April 2002
Mapping Test SignalsMapping Test Signals
G.709 provides a mapping for test signals
Two test signals are defined• NULL sequence (all-0's)
T1542830-00(114739)
RES
255
01
PT
PSI
1
2
3
4
16 17 38241815
RES
RES
RES
RES
RES
RES
RES
PSI
OPUk OH
Row
Column
OPUk Payload (4 x 3808 bytes)
All-0's pattern
50
April 2002
Mapping Test SignalsMapping Test Signals
Two test signals are defined (continued)• 2 147 483 647-bit Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS)
1 + x28 + x31
– groups of 8 successive PRBS bits are mapped into a data byte
17 3824
OPUk Payload (4 x 3808 bytes)
18
D D D3805x D
D D D3805x D
D D D3805x D
D D D3805x D
1
2
3
4
RE
SR
ES
RE
SR
ES
PS
IR
ES
RE
SR
ES
15 16
OPUk OH
RES
255
0
1PT
PSI
51
April 2002
Mapping bit stream with[out] octet timingMapping bit stream with[out] octet timing
G.709 provides a generic mapping for client signals encapsulated into a bit stream, with or without octet timing
A regional standards organisation or an industry forum may deploy this mapping for a new client signal
It must also define the OPUk Client Specific (CS) overhead
1
2
3
4
16 17 3824Row
Column
OPUk Payload (4 x 3808 bytes)
1815
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
PSI
OPUk OH
RES
255
0
1PT
PSI
CS: Client Specific overhead
52
April 2002
Bit Rate Agnostic CBR MappingBit Rate Agnostic CBR Mapping
New mapping method which maps a CBR signal of any rate (within a range up to OPUk payload capacity)
Bit rate is a fixed bit rate with a small tolerance in the ppm range.
For inclusion in G.709 version 2
Description in G.709 Living List
Further development in 2001/2002 timeframe
53
April 2002
ContentsContents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards
Wavelength Division Multiplex (WDM)
Time Division Multiplex (TDM)
TDM Tributary Slots
TDM Overhead
TDM Mapping
54
April 2002
Wavelength Division MultiplexWavelength Division Multiplex
OTM-16r.m signal• 16 channels• fixed 200 GHz grid independent of bit rate of OCh signal• designed for interworking purposes
OTM-n.m signal• no predefined number of channels• no predefined grid• grid may depend on bit rate of OCh signal
– e.g. 25, 50, 100 GHz for OTU1, OTU2, OTU3 resp.• developments in technology are driving capabilities
55
April 2002
Wavelength Division Multiplex - StructureWavelength Division Multiplex - Structure
OTU1[V]
OTU2[V]
OTU3[V]
OTM-n.m
x k
x j
x i
OCG-n.m
OCC
OCC
OCCx 1
x 1
x 11 i+j+k nOCh
OCh
OChx 1
x 1
x 1
OTM-nr.m
x k
x j
x i
OCG-nr.m
OCCr
OCCr
OCCrx 1
x 1
x 11 i+j+k nOChr
OChr
OChrx 1
x 1
x 1
OSCx 1
OOS OTS, OMS, OCh, COMMS OH
x 1
x 1
x 1
OTM-0.m
56
April 2002
Time Division MultiplexTime Division Multiplex
TDM muxing in the OTN will be applied for:• lower rate service signal transport
– in long distance line systems and/or sub-networks optimised for single (higher) bit rate
• increased throughput– in optical fabrics and/or sub-networks
• reduced administrative complexity– in large networks
• lower cost networks
TDM muxing introduces additional complexity when tributary signal must be routed
• requires demux and mux stages around switch fabric
57
April 2002
Time Division MultiplexTime Division Multiplex
TDM muxing is muxing of ODUk signals into higher order ODUk signals
• ODU1 into ODU2• ODU1 and/or ODU2 into ODU3
– ODU1 into ODU2 into ODU3 is possible, but not the recommended method when ODU1s are the service signals that are to be switched/cross connected within an "ODU3 network"
– if ODU1s enter such ODU3 network via ODU2, the ODU2 is terminated at the edge and the ODU1s are remultiplexed into an ODU3
– if ODU2 is service signal, of course no demuxing/remuxing will occur at edges
Multiplexing via byte interleaving
58
April 2002
Time Division Multiplex - StructureTime Division Multiplex - Structure
ODU3 OPU3x 1
OTU1[V]
OTU2[V]
OTU3[V]x 1
x 1
x 1
MappingMultiplexing
ODU2 OPU2x 1
x 4
x 16
ODU1 OPU1
Client Signal
ClientSignal
x 1
Client Signal
x 4
ODTUG3
ODTUG2
x 1
x 1
59
April 2002
Time Division Multiplex - artist impressionTime Division Multiplex - artist impression
4x ODU1 into ODU2 payload
• ODU1 adapted to ODU2 clock via justification
• adapted ODU1 signals byte interleaved into OPU2
• ODU2 and OTU2 overhead added
ODU1 floats in ¼ of the OPU2
ODU1 frame will cross an ODU2 frame boundary
OTU2 OTU2FEC
Client Layer Signal(e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP)
ODU1ODU1 OH
Alignm
ODU2
4x
OP
U1
OH
Client Layer Signal(e.g. STM-16)ODU1 OH
Alignm
OP
U1
OH
Client Layer Signal(e.g. STM-16)ODU1 OH
Alignm
OP
U1
OH
Client Layer Signal(e.g. STM-16)ODU1 OH
Alignm
OP
U1
OH
Client Layer Signal(e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP)ODU1 OH
Alignm
OP
U1
OH
ODU2 OH
OP
U2
OH
OPU2 PayloadODU2 OH
Alignm
OP
U2
OH
OTU2OH
NOTE - The ODU1 floats in ¼ of the OPU2 Payload area. An ODU1 frame will cross multiple ODU2 frame boundaries.A complete ODU1 frame (15296 bytes) requires the bandwidth of (15296/3808 = ) 4.017 ODU2 frames. This is not illustrated.
Client Layer Signal(e.g. STM-16)ODU1 OH
Alignm
OP
U1
OH
Client Layer Signal(e.g. STM-16)ODU1 OH
Alignm
OP
U1
OH
Client Layer Signal(e.g. STM-16)ODU1 OH
Alignm
OP
U1
OH
Client Layer Signal(e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP)ODU1 OH
Alignm
OP
U1
OH
60
April 2002
Time Division Multiplex -ODU2 Tributary Slot AllocationTime Division Multiplex -ODU2 Tributary Slot Allocation
1 16 17 3824
Row
Column
18 19 20 3823
3822
3821
2115
00
01
10
11
1
2
3
4
OPU2 Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
1
2
3
4
OPU2 Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
1
2
3
4
OPU2 Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
1
2
3
4
OPU2 Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U2
Trib
Slo
t 4
PS
I
JOH
TS
1
PS
I
JOH
TS
2
PS
I
JOH
TS
3
PS
I
JOH
TS
4
MFASbits78
61
April 2002
Time Division Multiplex -ODU3 Tributary Slot AllocationTime Division Multiplex -ODU3 Tributary Slot Allocation
17 3824
18 19 20 3823
3822
3821
22 23 33 343231211 16Row
Column
15
0000
0001
1111
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
PS
I
JOH
TS
1
PS
I
JOH
TS
2
PS
I
JOH
TS
16
OPU3 Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 4
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 5
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 6
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 7
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 8
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 9
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 10
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 11
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 12
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 13
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 14
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 15
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 16
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 15
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 16
OPU3 Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 4
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 5
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 6
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 7
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 8
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 9
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 10
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 11
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 12
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 13
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 14
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 15
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 16
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 15
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 16
OPU3 Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 4
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 5
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 6
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 7
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 8
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 9
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 10
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 11
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 12
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 13
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 14
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 15
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 16
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 2
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 3
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 15
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 16
MFASbits
5678
62
April 2002
Time Division Multiplex - OverheadMSI, JC, PJO1, PJO2Time Division Multiplex - OverheadMSI, JC, PJO1, PJO2
JCN
JO
1
2
3
4
16 17 3824
Row
Column
OPUk Payload(4 x 3808 bytes)
3823
3822
3821
15P
SI
JCJC
JCReserved
1 6 7 82 543
JC0
1
2
17
18
255
Reserved
MSI
PJO
1
PJO
2
Reserved
PJO
1
PJO
2
PJO
1
PJO
2
PJO
1
PJO
2
17 2118 19 20 22 23 24
00
01
10
11
PJO
1
PJO
2
PJO
1
PJO
2
PJO
1
PJO
2
PJO
1
PJO
2
17 3318 19 32 34 35 48
0000
0001
0010
1111
PJO
MFASbits 78
MFASbits 5678
OPU2 OPU3
63
April 2002
Time Division Multiplex - MappingTime Division Multiplex - Mapping
Asynchronous mapping of ODU information bytes
-1, 0, +1, +2 byte justification control
ODU1 into ODU3 mapping includes Fixed Stuff column• ODU1 into ODU2 and ODU2 into ODU3 mapping is without
fixed stuff
1
2
3
4
1 16 17 3824
Row
Column
OPU3 Payloadtransporting
16x ODU1
3823
3808
3809
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 15
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 16
32 33 1905
31
JOH
PS
I OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 15
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 16
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 1
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 15
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 16
OP
U3
Trib
Slo
t 1
FIXED S
TUFF19
04
1920
1921
1919
OPU3 Payloadtransporting
16x ODU1
64
April 2002
ContentsContents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation OTN Standards
ODUk-Xv
OPUk-Xv Overhead
Mapping Client signals
65
April 2002
Virtual ConcatenationVirtual Concatenation
Virtual Concatenated ODUk's• ODUk-Xv, with X=1..256
Provide • Ability to transport STM-64 and STM-256 signals via fibers
not supporting 10G and/or 40G wavelengths– STM-64 into ODU1-4v– STM-256 into ODU2-4v or ODU1-16v
• Finer granularity bandwidth for data signals– X * 2G5 [10G] [40G] via ODU1-Xv [ODU2-Xv] [ODU3-Xv]– Application of Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS,
Rec. G.7042) offers Hitless bandwidth modification Build in resilience when signal components routed via
two or more diverse routes
66
April 2002
Virtual Concatenation - Inverse muxingVirtual Concatenation - Inverse muxing
16 17 38241815
PSI
1
2
3
4
VC
OH
14X
+1
14X
+2
16X
3824
X
1
2
3
4
OPUk-Xv Payload (4 x 3808 x X bytes)OPUk-Xv OH(8 x X bytes)
1
2
3
4
OPUk Payload (4 x 3808 bytes)OPUk OH
PSIOPUk#1
OPUk#X
OPUk-Xv
VC
OH
15X
15X
+1
3823
X+
1
15 16 3824
OPUk-X Payload
Mapping of client signal into OPUk-X
Inverse muxing of OPUk-X signal into X OPUk signals
ODUk overhead is added to each of the X OPUk signals
ODUk signals are transported
67
April 2002
Virtual Concatenation - OverheadVirtual Concatenation - Overhead
PSI• vcPT
VCOH• MFI1, MFI2• SQ• LCAS
– CTRL– GID– RSA– MST– CRC8– Res
1
2
3
4
Column #
PSI
15 16
Row
#
RES
255254
012
PT
VCOH1
VCOH3
VCOH2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CTRL GID
RS
A
CRC8
RES
0 1
255
2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9
0
1
2
31
Member StatusMST
(0 - 255)
VCOH1 VCOH2 VCOH3
MFI1
MFI2
SQ
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
3
4
5
00000
00001
00010
11111
00011
00100
00100
MFAS45678
CRC8
CRC8
CRC8
CRC8
CRC8
CRC8
CRC8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
MFI1 MFI2
vcPT
Map
ping
spe
cific
MSB LSBRSA: RS-Ack
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
SQ, CRC8
MSB LSB
1 2 3 4
CTRL
MSB LSB
68
April 2002
Virtual Concatenation - MappingVirtual Concatenation - Mapping
STM-N• asynchronous• bitsynchronous
ATM
GFP (IP, ETH, MPLS)
Test signals
15X
+3
16X
3824
X
1
2
3
4
PJO
NJO
JC
4 x 3808D - 1
4 x 3808D - 1
4 x 3808D - 1
4 x 3808D - 1
JCJC
PS
I15
X+
115
X+
2
NJO
NJO
NJO
VC
OH
PS
IV
CO
HP
SI
VC
OH
PS
IV
CO
H
14X
+3
15X
14X
+1
14X
+2
16X
+3
17X
16X
+1
16X
+2
PJO
PJO
PJO
X=4
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JC
3824
X
190X
+1
1904
X
1920
X
1920
X+
1
4 x 118 x 16D - 1 4 x 119 x 16D
4 x 119 x 16D
4 x 119 x 16D
4 x 119 x 16D
4 x 118 x 16D - 1
4 x 118 x 16D - 1
4 x 118 x 16D - 1
4 x 16FS
4 x 16FS
4 x 16FS
4 x 16FS
15X
+3
16X
1
2
3
4 PS
I15
X+
115
X+
2
VC
OH
PS
IV
CO
HP
SI
VC
OH
PS
IV
CO
H
14X
+3
15X
14X
+1
14X
+2
16X
+3
17X
16X
+1
16X
+2
PJO
NJO
JCJC
JC
NJO
NJO
NJO
PJO
PJO
PJO
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JC
1
2
3
4
3824
X
Row
Column
14X
+1
PSI
VC
OH
PSI
VC
OH
15X
15X
+1
967X
+4
15X
+5
968X
+9
1919
X+
9
1919
X+
13
2871
X+
13
2871
X+
18
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
NJO
NJO
NJO
NJO
PJO
PJO
PJO
PJO
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
NJO
NJO
NJO
NJO
PJO
PJO
PJO
PJO
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
NJO
NJO
NJO
NJO
PJO
PJO
PJO
PJO
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
JCJC
NJO
NJO
NJO
NJO
PJO
PJO
PJO
PJO
X=16
15231D 15231D 15231D 15231D
15231D 15231D 15231D 15231D
15231D 15231D 15231D 15231D
15231D 15231D 15231D 15231D
STM-256 into OPU2-4v
STM-64 into OPU1-4v
STM-256 into OPU1-16v
69
April 2002
ContentsContents
OTN Rationale
OTN Layer Networks
Multi level Connection Monitoring
OTM Signals
Maintenance Signals
Mapping Client Signals
Multiplexing
Virtual Concatenation
OTN Standards
70
April 2002
OTN Standards in ITU-T - Transport PlaneOTN Standards in ITU-T - Transport Plane Framework
Network Architecture
Structures and bit rates
Equipment
Equipment Management Function
Protection
Data Communication Network
Jitter & Wander Performance
Error Performance
Physical
Information Model
Optical Safety
Generic Framing Procedure
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
Bringing into Service & Maintenance
Q factor measurement
G.871 (10/00)
G.872 (10/01)
G.709 (02/01), G.709 am.1 (10/01)
G.798 (10/01)
G.874 (10/01), G.7710 (11/01)
G.gps (2002), G.otnprot (2002)
G.7712 (10/01)
G.8251 (2002)
G.optperf (2002)
G.959.1 (02/01), G.693, G.dsn (2003)
G.874.1 (10/01), G.875 (2002)
G.664 (06/99)
G.7041 (10/01)
G.7042 (10/01)
M.24otn (2003)
O.qfm (?)
71
April 2002
OTN Standards in ITU-T - Control PlaneOTN Standards in ITU-T - Control Plane Automatic Switched Transport
Network
Automatic Switched Optical Network
Distributed Connection Management
Automatic Discovery Techniques
Routing
Signalling Communication Network
Link Resource Manager
G.807 (05/01)
G.8080 (10/01)
G.7713 (10/01)
G.7714 (10/01)
G.7715 (2002)
G.7712 (10/01)
G.7716 (2002?)
72
April 2002
OTN Standards in ITU-T OTN Standards in ITU-T
Network Architecture(G.872)
Structures & Mappings(G.709)
Equipment Functional Spec.(G.798, G.806)
Equipment Man. Function(G.874, G.7710)
Information Model(G.874.1, G.875)
Jitter/Wander Performance(G.8251)
Error Performance(G.optperf)
Physical Layer(G.959.1, G.692, G.693, G.dsn)
Protection Switching(G.otnprot, G.gps)
Data & SignallingCommunication Network
(G.7712)
ITU-T OTN RecommendationsTransport Plane
Bringing into Service & Maintenance for the OTN
(M.24otn)
Automatic Power Shut DownProcedures for Optical
Transport Systems (G.664)
Framework for OTN Rec's(G.871/Y.1301)
73
April 2002
OTN Standards in ITU-T OTN Standards in ITU-T
Automatic SwitchedTransport Network
(G.807)
Automatic SwitchedOptical Network
(G.8080)
Distributed Call & ConnectionManagement
(G.7713, G.7713.x (x=1,2,3))
Automatic Neighbor DiscoveryTechniques
(G.7714)
Connection Admission Control(G.cac)
Routing(G.7715)
Data & SignallingCommunication Network
(G.7712)
ITU-T RecommendationsControl Plane
Link Resource Manager(G.7716)
THANK YOU