opportunities & limits of recycling …and of a circular … roundtable(1... · opportunities...
TRANSCRIPT
Opportunities & Limits of Recycling…and of a Circular Economy
Markus A. Reuter[Dr. h.c., D. Eng., Dr. habil., PhD]
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16-19 August 2015 | 2 Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
Circular Economy
Product Centric
RecyclingMaterial Centric Recycling
Infrastructure
Criticality?Metal Criticality
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16-19 August 2015 | 3 Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
Circular Economy
Product Centric
RecyclingMaterial Centric Recycling
Infrastructure
Criticality?Metal Criticality
Which of these
lamps is better for a
circular economy?
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Metals always a part of society, but complexity?
16-19 August 2015 | 4 Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
M.A. Reuter, A. van Schaik and J. Gediga (2015): Simulation-based design for resource efficiency of metal production and recycling systems, Cases: Copper
production and recycling, eWaste (LED Lamps), Nickel pig iron, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Vol. 20(5), pp. 671-693.
1700 1800 1900 2000
Me
tal/
Ele
me
nt
Use
In
ten
sit
y i
n P
rod
uc
ts
CuZn Fe
C Ca
Sn
Pb
Co Mn CuZn Fe
C Ca
Sn Pb
Co Mn
Al Cr Ni
V SiMg Mo Ti
AuPt W H/O
CuSn Fe
C Zn
Pb
Fe
C Ca
Al Cr
V SiMg Ti
W H/O
Li
Zr Ta NbAs
P
K
REE
Ce
U
Mn
CuZn Sn Pb
Co
Ni
Mo
AuPt
Ga Ge AgInTeSe
Os
Ru Bi
Sb
Ru Pd Ir RhCd
Reuter, M.A. et al. United Nations Environmental Protection (UNEP) Report (2013) “Metal Recycling: Opportunities Limits Infrastructure”
(adapted from Achzet) http://www.unep.org/resourcepanel/Publications/MetalRecycling/tabid/106143/Default.aspx.
Recycling Index
Which is better to recycle?
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Circular Economy: Simplicity vis-à-vis Complexity
16-19 August 2015 | Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives5
Materials
Production &
Energy
Infrastructure
Linked
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Circular Economy: Simplicity vis-à-vis Complexity
16-19 August 2015 | Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives6
From base metals: Optimal link between energy infrastructure and metals
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
43W Saving (Relative to 60W
Incandescent)
15W CFL (60W Traditional)
15W CFL (43W Halogen)
12W LED (60W Traditional)
12W LED (43W Halogen)
Ene
rgy
savi
ngs
re
lati
ve to
inca
nd
esc
en
t an
d
hal
oge
n la
mp
http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/how-energy-efficient-light-bulbs-compare-traditional-incandescents
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16-19 August 2015 | 7
Circular Economy: Product Centric Recycling
Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
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We have choices…
16-19 August 2015 | 8 Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
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The Circle and Stochasim of Life
16-19 August 2015 | 9 Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
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10 16-19 August 2015 | Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
Metallurgy Block: Internet of Things (IoT)
Product
Design
Functional Metal &
Material Combinations
Physical Separation
Multi-material Recyclate Grades
Collection, Dismantling, Shredding
Metal & Energy Recovery (Pyro- & hydrometallurgy, Refining)
Losses
Losses & Stocks
Losses
Complex Linkages/Connections
Unaccounted
Losses & Theft
Stocks & Losses
(c)MAR
Particle Properties Controls
Market & Stocks
URBAN MINEDesigner ”Minerals” and Functional Materials
GEOLOGICAL MINEGeological Minerals
Thermodynamics ControlsFe
C Ca
Al Cr
V SiMg Ti
W H/O
Li
Zr Ta NbAs
P
K
REE
Ce
U
Mn
CuZn Sn Pb
Co
Ni
Mo
AuPt
Ga Ge AgInTeSe
Os
Ru Bi
Sb
Ru Pd Ir RhCd
Product Complexity
Metals & their Minor ElementsEnablers of a Circular Economy
-------------------------------------------
Internet-of-Things
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11 16-19 August 2015 | Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
Metallurgy Block: Internet of Things (IoT)
Product
Design
Functional Metal &
Material Combinations
Physical Separation
Multi-material Recyclate Grades
Collection, Dismantling, Shredding
Metal & Energy Recovery (Pyro- & hydrometallurgy, Refining)
Losses
Losses & Stocks
Losses
Complex Linkages/Connections
Unaccounted
Losses & Theft
Stocks & Losses
(c)MAR
Particle Properties Controls
Market & Stocks
URBAN MINEDesigner ”Minerals” and Functional Materials
GEOLOGICAL MINEGeological Minerals
Thermodynamics ControlsFe
C Ca
Al Cr
V SiMg Ti
W H/O
Li
Zr Ta NbAs
P
K
REE
Ce
U
Mn
CuZn Sn Pb
Co
Ni
Mo
AuPt
Ga Ge AgInTeSe
Os
Ru Bi
Sb
Ru Pd Ir RhCd
Product Complexity
Metals & their Minor ElementsEnablers of a Circular Economy
-------------------------------------------
Internet-of-Things
Web of MetalsConnected technologies
key to a Circular Economy
Metallurgical InfrastructureMineral & Product centric thinking
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System Integrated Metal Production (SIMP) Innovative Digitalization of the Internet of Things (IoT)
16-19 August 2015 | 12 Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
Fundamental System Benchmark for Web of MetalsTechno-economic based
Max
imiz
e R
eco
very
Pb
, Zn
& M
ino
rs(M
axim
ize
reso
urce
eff
icie
ncy
of W
eb o
f M
etal
sys
tem
)
Present Time (Years)
Improved System BenchmarkTechnology and Systemic Innovation
Lower LimitMore Resource Efficient System
Driving the Web of Metals to its optimum
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Geological Minerals>15 Elements in gold minerals
Designer-Minerals>40 Elements
Designer-Linkages
Functional Materials
Complex
Recyclates
Geological Linkages Metallurgical refining infrastructure
Secondary Feeds(Low & high-grade Cu, circuit boards, metal containing residues, ASR etc.)
Raw / Anode Copper
FuelAir (Oxygen)
Discard Slag (Construction Material)
Dust/Fume
ReductantFlux
Cathode Copper
Pb/Sn/Bi Products
Zn
PGMsPMs
Gypsum
Te, Seetc.
Intermediate Pb-rich PhasesFumes
Slimes
SlimesPrecipitates
(Pb/Sn-rich)
(Zn-rich)
Slimes
1-3 Stage TSL
Electrowinning & Refining
Recycle Slag
Digitalizing & optimizing metallurgical systemsMineral/Product centric understanding
16-19 August 2015 | 13 Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
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16-19 August 2015 | 14 Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ag
Al
Al2
O3
Au
BaO B
a Bi C
(C5
O2
H8
)nC
6H
12
Cl3
O4P
C1
5H
12
Br4
O2
(C2
5H
30
O4N
)nC
12
H1
2O
4n
CaO C
o Cr
Cu
FeM
gM
gO Mn
Ni
Pb
Pd
Ru
REE
sSi
lico
ne Si
SiO
2Sn
SrO
TiO
2 Ti VZn
TOTA
L R
ECO
VER
Y %
Tota
l Rec
ove
ry (
%)
38%
48%
41%
46%
15%
Rating
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16-19 August 2015 | 15
Recyclability Index → Enabling resource efficiencyInform consumer in a simple manner of our industry to show its importance
[Source: M.A. Reuter, A. van Schaik and J. Gediga (2015): Simulation-based design for resource efficiency of metal production and recycling systems, Cases: Copper production and recycling,
eWaste (LED Lamps), Nickel pig iron, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Vol. 20(5), pp. 671-693.]
Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
© Outotec – All rights reserved
16-19 August 2015 | 16
Recyclability Index → Enabling resource efficiencyInform consumer in a simple manner of our industry to show its importance
[Source: M.A. Reuter, A. van Schaik and J. Gediga (2015): Simulation-based design for resource efficiency of metal production and recycling systems, Cases: Copper production and recycling,
eWaste (LED Lamps), Nickel pig iron, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Vol. 20(5), pp. 671-693.]
Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
So, which is better
considering both energy and
materials?
Quantifying the Circular
Economy
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16-19 August 2015 | 17 Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
DigitalizingLinking web of
Energy & Materials
Internet of ThingsProcess metallurgical systems
key to circular economy
De-silo thinking and education
System InnovationSimulation & Optimization
(linked to big data analysis)
Inform Policy & Consumer
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Additional background sheets
16-19 August 2015 | Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives18
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Digitalization for Sustainability [2013-2015]
16-19 August 2015 | 19 Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
United Nations Environmental Programme - M.A. Reuter: Lead Authorhttp://www.unep.org/resourcepanel/Portals/50244/publications/Metal_Recycling-Full_Report_150dpi_130919.pdf
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System Integrated Metal Production: Innovative Digitalization
16-19 August 2015 | 20 Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives
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Markus Reuter[Dr. h.c., D.Eng., Dr. habil., PhD] Background: http://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=5cLC8VEAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao
http://fi.linkedin.com/pub/markus-reuter/11/195/90https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Markus_Reuter3?ev=prf_highlhttp://www.researcherid.com/rid/D-2839-2015
• Industry • Director Technology Management: Technology Management, Outotec, Finland (2010→)
• Chief Executive Technologist: Ausmelt-Outotec, Australia (2006-2010 - taken over by Outotec 2010)
• Leader furnace control group: Mintek, South Africa (1994-1996)
• Process Metallurgist: Anglo American Corporation, South Africa (1984-1985)
• Academic• Dr. h.c.: Honorary Doctorate University of Liège (2015: Belgium)
• D. Eng. & PhD: University of Stellenbosch (1991 & 2006: South Africa)
• Dr. habil.: RWTH Aachen (1995: Germany)
• Adjunct Professor: Aalto University Helsinki (2012→)
• Guest Professor: Central South University Changsha, PR China (2012→)
• Professor and Professorial Fellow: University Melbourne, Australia (2005→)
• Professor & emeritus: TU Delft, Netherlands (1996-2012)
• Adjunct Professor: Stellenbosch, South Africa (1999-2007)
• Publications, Interests etc.• Lead author: UNEP report Metal Recycling: Opportunities, Limits, Infrastructure (2013)
- http://www.unep.org/resourcepanel/Portals/50244/publications/Metal_Recycling-Full_Report_150dpi_130919.pdf
- http://www.ubraintv.com/watch.php?id=842
• Co-Editor and contributor: Handbook of Recycling (Elsevier 2014) (International Solid Waste Association 1st Prize-2014)
• 2016 EPD Distinguished Lecture Award, TMS
• Main author: The Metrics of Material and Metal Ecology (Elsevier 2005)
• >400 Publications: Book / Chapters in Encyclopedias / Journal / Conference / Patents
• Expertise: Process metallurgy & Minerals Processing / Recycling / Design for Recycling & Sustainability, Process control /
Simulation
16-19 August 2015 | 21 Markus A. Reuter | 6th Regional 3R Forum - Maldives