opportunities for crowdsourcing approaches and satellite ......opportunities for crowdsourcing...
TRANSCRIPT
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Opportunities for crowdsourcing approaches and
satellite images for yield gap analysis
Eskender Andualem Beza
May 12, 2015
GRS – Integration
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Outline
Introduction
●Yield gap
●Definitions
What factors to collect
●Meta-analysis ●Result: Meta-analysis
How to collect factors ● Innovative data collection approaches
● Crowdsourcing
● Remote sensing
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Introduction: Yield gap
(Van Ittersum and Rabbinge, 1997; Van Ittersum et al (2013)
o Anticipated world population by 2050 o Closing the ‘yield gap’ on currently available agricultural lands
Concept of production ecology
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Definitions
Yield potential (Potential yield) - Yp: yield of a crop cultivar under defined weather conditions, when grown with no nutrient and water stress and biotic stresses effectively controlled
Water-limited yield - Yw: same as Yp, but water supply is limiting (and hence soil type and topography matter)
Actual yield – Ya: yield achieved by farmers in a given region under dominant management practices and soil properties
Yield gap – Yg: difference between Yp (or Yw) and Ya
Van Ittersum et al., 2013. Field Crops Research 143, 4-17.
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Major steps for Yield gap analysis
Step 1: Measuring
Main reason for this step: To identify the potential
scope for raising average yields via management changes
Commonly used methods for Yp:
o Crop growth models o Field experiments o Best farmers yields o Highest recorded yields o Earth Observation o ....... Source: GYGA
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Main reason for this step: To identify the key causes of the yield gap
Commonly used methods: Statistical models, qualitative analysis, Frontier methods ....
Explaining yield gap: Step 2
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Which factors to collect?
Meta-analysis
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Study locations included in Meta-analysis
270 records with unique ID
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Results: Management factors
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Results: Edaphic factors
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Results: Farm characteristics
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Results: Socio-economic factors
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How to bridge the data gap? A potential answer—let the farmers tell us themselves!
Most of the management,
farm characteristics and
socio-economic factors that
explain yield gap cannot be
obtained by other means
other than asking the farmers
themselves- either by
traditional farm survey
methods or by through self-
reporting (e.g. SMS)
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Example
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Farmers’ soil quality score “Clearly the farmers were aware of their
soil”
U.Sopheap et al., 2012
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Crowdsourcing
o The term Crowdsourcing was first coined in 2006
o It commonly refers to outsourcing a function done locally to
a large, disconnected group of people.
In the Context of Agriculture:
“Crowdsourcing is when information is sourced from a group of people (e.g. farmers) in response to an open call, a request for specific information (e.g. crop/farm mgmt. information), or for an exchange, organized by a central organizer/organizing body. ” (USAID, 2013)
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Typology of Crowdsourcing
Type How it works Kinds of problems
Examples
Knowledge Discovery and Management (KDM)
Finding and collecting information
into a common location and format
Information gathering, organization, and
reporting
Geo-wiki OpenStreetMap
RANET iCow
CCI-Bioversity
Distributed Human Intelligence Tasking
(DHIT)
For analysing large amounts of
information
For problems involving large-scale data
analysis
FoldIt, GalaxyZoo
Broadcast Search
Solving empirical problems
Ideation problems with empirically provable
solutions, such as scientific problems
Amazon Mechanical Turk
Peer-Vetted Creative
Production
For creating and selecting creative
ideas
Ideation problems where solutions are matters of taste or market support, such as design or aesthetic
problems
Istockphoto Threadless
Brabham, 2013
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Case studies
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Use of satellite images for Yield gap analysis
The use of satellite data for crop yield gap analysis : to estimate the actual yield
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MSc topic: The use of smart phones and satellite
images for crop yield gap analysis
The main objective of this MSc topic is:
To explore the potential of satellite images to estimate important parameters (e.g. crop phenology, sowing date, actual yield etc.) that are relevant for yield gap analysis.
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Thank you for your attention
Photo by Arun