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Jennifer FogartySpace Medicine Constellation Integration Lead

April 21, 2009

Operations to Research: Communication of Lessons Learned

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20090019082 2020-06-04T09:50:34+00:00Z

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RequirementsDevelopment

ResearchHow can we do

better?

OperationsLessons learned!

VerificationWere requirements

met?

DesignHands-on

architecturalinvolvement

Requirements Integration

Negotiating project buy-in

Human/System Integration Process

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Human Spaceflight Experience:The Long and the Short of it…

Characteristics of the Vehicle

Habitat Environment

Partial Gravity Exposure

Countermeasure Availability

Physiological, Medical, Environmental Data

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Selection and

Retention Standards

Prevention, Mitigation, or

Treatment

Pre-, In-, and Post-flight Monitoring

Reconditioning, Recovery, and Reassignment

4Jeffrey R. Davis, MD

Operational Approach

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Selection and Retention StandardsScreening for disease, medical history, preventive strategies

Prevention, Mitigation, or TreatmentIn-flight countermeasures (exercise, nutrition, pharmaceuticals)

Pre-, In-, and Post-flight MonitoringEstablish degree of bone loss, skeletal muscle loss, magnitude of cardiovascular deconditioning, medical conditions, etc

Reconditioning, Recovery, and ReassignmentPost-flight training regimen, return to pre-flight baseline, and flight assignment

5Jeffrey R. Davis, MD

What do we mean by that?

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Apollo Program• Health Stabilization

Program

• Video monitoring

• Biosensor harness

– O2 and CO2 levels

– Temperature

– Vital statistics

• Metabolic expenditure during EVA

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Skylab Program• Data down-linking (12-

24 hours after experiment)

• Real-time biomedical research meetings

• In-flight medical unit

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Shuttle Program

• Cardiovascular• Neuroscience• Musculoskeletal• Radiation• Nutrition• Exercise

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Shuttle-Mir• 975 days on Mir, 7 astronauts

– Norman Thagard – 115– Shannon Lucid – 188– John Blaha – 128 – Jerry Linenger - 132– Mike Foale – 134– David Wolf – 145– Andy Thomas – 128

9Jeffrey R. Davis, MD

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Jeffrey R. Davis, MD

International Space Station

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International Space StationBMD % Change from Preflight

Expeditions 1-16 (n=20)

-30.0

-25.0

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

LumbarSpine

FemoralNeck

Trochanter WholeBody

Heel Pelvis

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

0 300 600 900 1200 1500Days-After-Landing

BM

D C

hang

e (%

)

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

0 300 600 900 1200 1500Days-After-Landing

BM

D C

hang

e (%

)

PelvisLoss0=7.7% Recovery Half-life=97 d

Percent Change in Estimated VO2 Index from Pre-Flight Expeditions 1-16 (n=20)

-40

-30

-20-10

0

10

2030

40

50

0-29 30-69 70-99 100-129 130-149 150+ R+4-7 R+30-35

% c

hang

e fr

om p

re-fl

ight

Medical Requirements collect physiological, medical and environmental data

Data can be used to assess the individual or the population

12 12Jeffrey R. Davis, MD

International Space Station

TVIS

I-RED

CEVIS

ISS Exercise Hardware Availability Timeline

I-REDAssembly

EXP1 EXP2 EXP3 EXP4 EXP5 EXP6 EXP7 EXP8 EXP9

CEVIS Assembly

TVIS Assembly

restricted to arm ergometry

failing control panel

EXP10

SchRED replaces I-RED

EXP12EXP11

10/00 09/0506/02 10/03 04/0510/0404/0311/0203/01 12/0108/01 04/04

EXP13 EXP14 EXP15 EXP16

03/06 09/06 04/07 10/07

CCC Installed

failed control panel; CCC

installed

DC power converter

failure

7th fwd stbd roller deteriorated

Incorrect thimble on new cord

T1 → T2iRED → SchRED → ARED

Constraints: Time; Money; Mass; Power; Volume

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Orion Support to ISS Missions

• Transport up to 6 crew members on Orion for crew rotation

• 210 day stay time• Emergency lifeboat for

entire ISS crew• Deliver pressurized

cargo for ISS resupply

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Orion MissionsMore questions than answers

• How do we use previous experience to prepare for future exploration?

• Can we simply extrapolate or is the future more complex than that?

• What types of analogs are appropriate?