Operating Systems Review

5 Purposes of an Operating SystemProvide User InterfaceCommunicate with HardwareCreate and Manage a File SystemNetwork SupportProvide Structure to Support Applications

Installation

PartitionsEvery disk needs at

least 1 partition to install an operating system

Formatting a partition will allow you to install an operating system (NTFS, FAT16, etc)

Max Number of Partitions on Basic Disc is 4!

Primary and Secondary Partitions

Active Partitions

Active PartitionsThis is where the OS system files areMotherboard looks for the active partition

to begin running or booting the OSboot.ini is the file that windows uses to

declare where the systems are.

Extended PartitionDoesn’t hold an operating systemBasic DiscLogical Drives

Basically large named folders in the Extended Partition

Basic vs. Dynamic DisksUses NTFS or FAT32 file systemsCan create primary partitions or active

partitionDynamic Disk – unknown file system

(Microsoft won’t tell anyone how it works)

File SystemsNTFSFAT16FAT32

FAT16The Primary Partition can only be up to 2

GBFile names can only be 8 charactersFile extensions can only be 3 characters

FAT3232 GB Size Hard drives (Basically)Used mostly with Windows 98, 2000 and

some XPNo security available

NTFSNew Technology File SystemNice long file name and extensionsSupports file encryption (You still have to

have at least XP Pro)Most common file system used today

Windows RequirementsSize of Disk SpaceRAMProcessing Speed/ProcessorVideo/Monitor Support

Windows XP RequirementsMinimum

233 MHz Processor64 MB RAM1.5 GB HDD SpaceCD-ROM/DVD-ROMSuper VGA (800 x

600)

Recommended300 MHz Processor128 MB RAM1.5 GB HDD SpaceCD-ROM/DVD-ROMSuper VGA (800 x

600)

Windows Vista RequirementHome Basic

800 MHz Processor512 MB MemoryDirect X (graphics

api)20 GB HDD SpaceDVD drive

Other Versions1 GHz Processor1 GB System

MemoryDirect X40 GB HDD SpaceDVD drive

Windows 7 Requirements32 Bit Processor

1 GHz Processor1 GB RAM16 GB HDD SpaceDirect X9

64 Bit Processor1 GHz Processor2 GB RAM20 GB HDD SpaceDirect X9

Installation MenuOptions

InstallRepairExit

Installation processPartition the DriveFormat the PartitionUnpack the Installation FilesInstall the Operating SystemSet – up Time and Date and LanguageEnter your Product KeySet-up an Administrative UserActivate ?

If you don’t activate Windows, after 30 days you are locked out

Serial NumberCD KeyProduct KeyThis is used to unlock your software

ActivationMust be done with in 30 days or you are locked outActivate over the internet if you have an internet

connectionActive by calling their 1-800 number with your product key

Maintenance

Control Panel

Administrative ToolsPerformance

See how your cpu, ram and other devices are running

Computer ManagementDisk ManagmentDevice ManagerDisk Defragmenter

ServicesSee what services are

running and their settings

DisplayScreensaverDesktop

Background PictureSettings

ResolutionDual Monitors

AppearanceColors of windows,

etc.

System SettingsThis is your basic

System PropertiesYou can also get to

this from right-clicking My Computer

See your RAM, CPU, and OS properties

Device ManagerRemote

Get to Remote Assistant and Remote Desktop Settings

Power OptionsPower SchemesAlarmsPower MeterAdvancedHibernate

Power Schemes

Advanced – Power Options

Hibernate – Power OptionsSave the state of the computer to the hard drive and shuts everything down.

UsersStandard

Can installCan’t mess with System files

RestrictedCan’t Install Programs

Power UserHave most administrative

priviledgesAdministrator

Complete Unrestrict accessGuest

Like a Standard user, no saving though

Security

Add / Remove ProgramsDuh!

Automatic UpdatesAutomatic Update On

Download and InstallDownload Automatically –let me choose

when to installDon’t Download Automatically, show me a

list and let me chooseAutomatic Update Off

Folder OptionsShow/Hide Folders and FilesChange Programs that are associated with

different file extensions

Printers and FaxesAdd a PrinterPrinter Maintenance

FirewallBlocks other programs from running on

your machine through the networkYou can add exceptions for programsRemote Desktop and Remote Assistance

need to be added as exceptions

Windows 7 Gadgets

Windows 7 Parental Controls

MSCONFIGStart Menu -> Run and type msconfigYou can get to RegeditServicesStart-Up

DefragmentingRight-Click My

Computer and go to manage

Control Panel -> Administrative Tools

Start -> All Progams -> Accessories -> System Tools

Moves the parts of files together on the hard drive

Disk CleanupDelete Temp FilesEmpty Recycling

BinCompress old files

Check DiskChecks hard drive for

physical errors.Start -> All Programs ->

Accessories -> System Tools

DOS command is CHKDSKDoesn’t repair, puts “cones”

around the sector so it isn’t used again – BAD SECTOR

Backup – found in System ToolsBack up files and Restore Files

DOS CommandsCD – change directoryDIR – list contents of directory.. – Parent directoryCOPY – copies a single fileXCOPY – copies contents of a folderMD – make directoryRD – remove directoryTYPE – display a text fileCOPY CON- copy what I type in the console to a

fileIPCONFIG – show ip address configurationPING – send test packets to check for a connection

Troubleshooting

BSODBlue Screen of DeathBoot Error or RAM ErrorRestart ComputerRecovery Console – DOS console that you

can boot to from the Windows installation disk

FIXBOOT – fixes boot.iniFIXMBR – fixes master boot record

VirusesA file that replicates itselfHas to be run – usually found in email

attachments and shared files through peer-to-peer networks

Trojan – a program that is doing something in the background you don’t want (Trojan Horse) – use a Firewall or don’t download illegal material.

Worm – like a virus, but you don’t have to run it to get it. If you connect to a network that has it, you’ll get it

Start Up ServicesIn MSCONFIGYou can enable or disable certain servicesStart up in Safe Mode – no services running

Remote DesktopUnblock FireWallConnected on the network to the remote

computerKnow a user account and password on that

computerStart -> All Programs -> Accessories ->

Remote Desktop ConnectionGives you control of the machine, blocks the

user out

Remote AssistantUnblock in FirewallCreate an invitation fileSend the invitation through email or a chat

programAllows you to help someone remotely, but

they can still have controlUsually you have a time limit and a

password

Device ManagerFix driver errors for HardwareRight-Click on My Computer - > Properties -

> Hardware tabRight-Click on My Computer -> Manage ->

Device ManagerControl Panel -> Administrative ToolsYellow Exclamation – bad driverRed X – this device has been disabled

Event ViewerView Event Logs

Task ManagerTurn off

ProgramsTurn off

Processes

Graphical User Interface

Taskbar

System Tray – shows running programsthat run in the background

Desktop

Quick Launch