Operating System Essentials Windows 7 14 February 2016TCS Internal 14 February 2016 Operating System Operating system (OS) is software, consisting of programs and data, that runs on computers, manages computer hardware resources, and provides common services for execution of various application software. 14 February 2016 Operating System Function Hardware Management Data Management Memory Management Software Management Operating System Microsoft Windows What Do Operating System Do? To control the computer's resourcesboth the hardware and the software Processor management Memory storage and management Device management Application interface User interface 14 February 2016 Operating System Microsoft Windows Multitasking SMP Scalability Plug and Play Clustering File Systems NTFS QoS Remote Installation Services Terminal Services Microsoft Windows Features of Windows OS 14 February 2016 Different Types of Operating Systems Dos Unix Linux Solaris Novell Mac-OS Windows 14 February Windows Various Operating Systems Microsoft Windows History Details In 1975, Gates and Allen form a partnership called Microsoft. MS-DOS resulted from a request in 1981 by IBM for an operating system to use in its IBM PC range of personal computers Bill Gates announces Microsoft Windows November 10, Microsoft Windows NT 3.1 was released July 27, Microsoft Windows 98 was released June, Microsoft Windows 2000 was released February 17, Microsoft Windows Server 2003 is released March 28, Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Server 2008 to the public on February 27, TCS Internal Versions: Windows 3.0 Windows 3.1 Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows 2003 Windows Vista Windows 2008 Windows7 14 February Windows Various Operating Systems ClientServer Windows NT 4.0 Desktop Workstation Windows 95/98 Windows MEWindows 2000 Windows XP Professional Windows Server 2003 Windows VistaWindows Server 2008 Windows 7Windows Server 2012 Windows 8 Classifications of Windows Operating Systems Personal Computer Client/Desktop Operating System Server Operating System TCS Internal Personal Computer : No Local Security Not able to secure local files and folders No Authentication without User Id and password Client/Desktop Operating System Local Security Allowed To secure Local folders and files Authentication is Required To Login Server Operating System Where server services are running that host is known as member server 14 February Windows Various Operating Systems Server Operating SystemDesktop Operating System Minimum CPU Speed Minimum RAM Maximum RAM Storage requirement Processor Support Windows Vista 800 MHZ512 MB1024 MB15 GBDual and Quad Windows 71 Ghz1 GB(86 bit)/2 GB(64 bit) 4 GB/192 GB16 GB/20 GB32/256 Windows 81 Ghz1 GB(86 bit)/2 GB(64 bit) 512 GB16 GB/20 GB32/256 Minimum CPU Speed Minimum RAM Maximum RAM Storage Requirement Multiprocess or Support Windows MHZ512 MB64 GB/1 TB4 GB64 Windows Ghz/1.4 Ghz512 MB2 TB10 GB256 Windows Ghz512 MB4 TB32 GB640 TCS Internal 32 Bit 64 Bit 14 February Server Operating SystemDesktop Operating System OS Editions Windows 7 StarterHome Basic Home Premium Professio nal Enterpris e/Ultimate Windows 8 Windows RT Windows 8 Windows 8 Pro Windows 8 Enterpris e OS Editions Windows 2003 WebrStandardEnterpris e Datacent er Windows 2008 StandardEnterpris e Data Center Server Core Windows 2012 Foundatio n EssentialStandardDatacent er TCS Internal Windows Various Operating Systems 10 Windows 7 Key Features Aero Shake Aero Themes and Aero Background Bit Locker Home Group Internet and digital TV Internet Explorer 8 Jump Lists Live Thumbnail Previews Location aware printing Aero Snap VPN Reconnect 11 Windows 7 Key Features Windows Search and Libraries Windows Touch Windows XP Mode AppLocker Branch Cache Direct Access Problem Steps Recorder VHD Boot Windows Power Shell 2.0 14 February Windows Basic Features, Tools and Utilities Windows 8 Interactive Tiles New Task Manager Run ISOs and VHDs natively Airplane mode Split-screen apps Split touch keyboard Native USB 3.0 Support Better Support for Multiple Monitors Restore PC and Reset PC AppLocker TCS Internal 14 February 2016 Clean installation Install Windows 7 on a new partition Replace an existing operating system on a partition Install Windows 7 on a new partition Replace an existing operating system on a partition Upgrade installation Replace an existing version of Windows with Windows 7 All users applications, files, and settings are retained Replace an existing version of Windows with Windows 7 All users applications, files, and settings are retained Migration Move files and settings from an old operating system to Windows 7 Side-by-side or wipe and load Move files and settings from an old operating system to Windows 7 Side-by-side or wipe and load Options for Installing Windows 7 14 February 2016 Start the computer by using Windows PE Connect to a network share containing Windows 7 files Run setup.exe from the network share and complete the wizard Running setup.exe from a network share Insert the product DVD Start the computer by using the product DVD Complete the wizard Running setup.exe from DVD Create a WIM file from a reference computer Start the computer by using Windows PE Apply the WIM file to the target computer Install by using an image ImageX, Windows Deployment Service, Microsoft Deployment Toolkit Methods for Performing Clean Installation Running setup.exe from DVD Installing by using an image Running setup.exe from a network share 14 February 2016 Considerations for Upgrading and Migrating to Windows 7 Upgrade: Does not require the reinstallation of applications Does not require additional storage space Does not require replacing existing computer hardware Is the recommended solution in home or small offices scenarios Does not require the reinstallation of applications Does not require additional storage space Does not require replacing existing computer hardware Is the recommended solution in home or small offices scenarios Migrate: Requires a reinstallation of applications Typically, requires more storage space Typically, requires replacing existing computer hardware Is the recommended solution to achieve a standardized environment in a large enterprise scenario Requires a reinstallation of applications Typically, requires more storage space Typically, requires replacing existing computer hardware Is the recommended solution to achieve a standardized environment in a large enterprise scenario 16 Identifying the Valid Upgrade Paths Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows ME Windows NT4 Windows 2000 Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows ME Windows NT4 Windows 2000 Windows Vista SP1, SP2 Windo ws 7 Only clean install Clean install In-place upgrade Clean install Migration In-place upgrade Clean install Migration Windows XP Windows Vista RTM Windows XP Windows Vista RTM Windows Anytime Upgrade enables you to upgrade to a higher edition of Windows 7 17 Determining the Feasibility of an Upgrade Using Windows Upgrade Advisor Windows Upgrade Advisor is a downloadable application that helps Windows users identify which edition of Windows 7 meets their needs Use Windows Upgrade Advisor to: Provide suggestions about necessary hardware updates to install and run the appropriate edition and features of Windows 7 Provide upgrade guidance to Windows 7 Provide suggestions about necessary hardware updates to install and run the appropriate edition and features of Windows 7 Provide upgrade guidance to Windows 7 Requirements.NET 2.0 MSXML 6 20 MB free HDD.NET 2.0 MSXML 6 20 MB free HDD Administrator privileges Internet connection Administrator privileges Internet connection 18 Determining the Feasibility of an Upgrade Using Windows Upgrade Advisor Windows Upgrade Advisor is a downloadable application that helps Windows users identify which edition of Windows 7 meets their needs Use Windows Upgrade Advisor to: Provide suggestions about necessary hardware updates to install and run the appropriate edition and features of Windows 7 Provide upgrade guidance to Windows 7 Provide suggestions about necessary hardware updates to install and run the appropriate edition and features of Windows 7 Provide upgrade guidance to Windows 7 Requirements.NET 2.0 MSXML 6 20 MB free HDD.NET 2.0 MSXML 6 20 MB free HDD Administrator privileges Internet connection Administrator privileges Internet connection 19 Keep operating system up to date to protect against any security threats: Update can also be done during upgrade (Dynamic Update) Keep operating system up to date to protect against any security threats: Update can also be done during upgrade (Dynamic Update) Update Determine any relevant updates 1 1 Apply all relevant updates to the computer 2 2 After the upgrade: Verify Log on to the computer 1 1 Verify all applications and hardware devices function correctly 2 2 Follow Windows Upgrade Advisor recommendations if any 3 3 To perform an upgrade to Windows 7, run setup.exe from: Windows 7 product DVD Network share Upgrade Protect against data loss, backup data and settings by using appropriate backup media: CD/DVD disc Network share Any other backup media Back up Evaluate Evaluate whether your computer meets the necessary requirements to run Windows 7: Use the following tools: Hardware requirements Application compatibility Standard User Analyzer Tool Microsoft Assessment and Planning Toolkit Windows Upgrade Advisor Application Compatibility Toolkit Evaluate Back Up Upgrade Verify Update Process for Upgrading to Windows 7 20 User State Migration Tool (USMT) 4.0 Windows Easy Transfer (WET) Application Settings User Preferences User Data Earlier Version of Windows Windows 7 What to migrate Identify which components are to be migrated to the new operating system Use one of the following migration tools: Windows Easy Transfer (WET) User State Migration Tool (USMT) 4.0 Tools for Migrating User Data and Settings 21 Back up user state, including: Use one of the following migration tools: Back up user state, including: Use one of the following migration tools: User settings Application settings User data Back up Windows Easy Transfer User State Migration Tool Run the Windows 7 installation (setup.exe) from: product DVD Network share Install Windows 7 Keep your computer secure by keeping up with current updates: Update Select check for updates during installation Check for updates after installation After installing Windows 7, reinstall all applications: Install Applications Install the compatible version of the applications After installing applications, restore user state by using: Restore Windows Easy Transfer User State Migration Tool Process for Migrating to Windows 7 Back Up Install Windows 7 Upda te Install Applications Restor e 22 Transfer files and settings by using a network Click A Network Click This is my old computer Start WET on the source computer Click Next On the destination computer, enter WET key and then click Next WET creates WET key Click Transfer and proceed with the wizard 7 7 Source Computer Destinatio n Computer On destination computer: Prepare for the migration on the destination computer Click Next Select transfer method Close all active programs Start Windows Easy Transfer Click I need to install now (if source computer does not have WET) Click This is my new computer Select destination media and save WET files 7 7 Destinatio n Computer To migrate by using WET: WET is the recommended tool for scenarios in which you have a small number of computers to migrate Store the Windows 7 WET files to be Used on the Source Computer Migrate Files and Settings from the Source Computer to the Destination Computer by using: Windows Easy Transfer cable Network Removable media or a network share Migrate Files and Settings from the Source Computer to the Destination Computer by using: Windows Easy Transfer cable Network Removable media or a network share Migrating User Settings and Data by Using WET 14 February Windows System and Boot Partition Whenever OS is installed, files are stored in two Partitions: System partition Boot partition System partition actually contains the files used to boot Windows 7. The system partition contains the hardware-related files and the Boot folder that tell a computer where to look to start Windows. A boot partition is a partition that contains Windows operating system files TCS Internal 24 Partitioning Disks in Windows 7 What Is an MBR Disk? What Is a GPT Disk? Disk Management Tools 25 What Is an MBR Disk? Is created when the disk is partitioned Is on the first sector of the hard disk Contains a four partition entry table Limits the number & size of partitions Master Boot Record (MBR) Disk The MBR contains the partition table for the disk and a small amount of executable code called the master boot code. 26 What Is a GPT Disk? GUID Partition Table(GPT) Contains an array of partition entries describing the start and end LBA of each partition on disk Supports more partitions Supports larger partitions Enhances reliability Supports boot disks on 64-bit Windows operating systems, UEFI systems 27 Diskpart.exe Scriptable command line utility Create scripts to automate disk-related tasks Always runs locally Disk Management Snap-in Graphical user interface Manage disks and volumes, both basic and dynamic, locally or on remote computers Simple partition creation Disk Management Tools Use diskpart.exe to convert partition styles MBR GPT Disk Management Snap-in Graphical user interface Manage disks and volumes, both basic and dynamic, locally or on remote computers Simple partition creation Diskpart.exe Scriptable command line utility Create scripts to automate disk-related tasks Always runs locally Use diskpart.exe to convert partition styles MBR GPT 28 Disk Management Tools Disk Management Snap-in Graphical user interface Manage disks and volumes, both basic and dynamic, locally or on remote computers Simple partition creation Diskpart.exe Scriptable command line utility Create scripts to automate disk-related tasks Always runs locally Use diskpart.exe to convert partition styles MBR GPT 29 Disk Volume A hard disk drive can be divided in to several storage units. These storage units are called partitions. A storage area that could be accessed using a single file system that the computer can recognize is referred to as a volume. 14 February Windows File System Different File Systems: FAT (File Allocation Table) NTFS (New Technology File System) ReFS(Resilient File System) File System TCS Internal How a computer file is stored File system is a structured data representation and a set of metadata that describe the stored data DescriptionAdvantages and Limitations FATFiles on FAT are stored in directories as an array of 32-bits Have a table with one entry for each block on the disk. Directory entry for a file contains the first block in the file. And ref to next block It is simple, reliable, and uses little storage. FAT partitions cannot extend beyond 2TB Files stored to a FAT partition cannot exceed 4GB. FAT32 does not have the security that NTFS provides NTFSThis is a default file system for disk only file system supported partitions over 32GB Each file on NTFS is stored as file descriptor in Master File Table and file content NTFS partitions can extend up to 16EB (about 16 million TB). Files stored can be as large as the partition. Capability to recover from disk-related errors automatically Better security - permissions and encryption ReFSReFS is the latest development of Microsoft presently available for Windows 8 Servers. ReFS has high tolerance to failures A new copy of metadata is created into any free storage space and link to older meta data Other File systems : Linux : Ext2,3, 4, XFS, JFS and Reiser FS Apple : HFS + 14 February Windows Files TCS Internal Installation Files EXE and MSI SYS, DLL and Jar Files Environment Variables Drivers Executable files : A file in a format that the computer can directly execute :To transform a source file into an executable file, you need to pass it through a compiler or assembler. :. Com or.EXE :MSI is an installer package file format used by Windows :MSI files are used for installation, storage, and removal of programs. DLL and JAR: Dynamic link library file format used for holding multiple codes and procedures for Windows programs. DLL files were created so that multiple programs could use their information at the same time, aiding memory conservation. A JAR (Java ARchive) file is a file that contains the class, image, and sound files for a Java application or applet gathered into a single file and possibly compressed. 14 February CLI, GUI and Powershell CLI Power Shell Start Menu Windows TaskbarWindows Explorer GUI User interface that is navigated by typing commands at prompts MS-DOS Prompt application in a Windows operating system A task automation and configuration management framework from Microsoft, consisting of a command-line shell and associated scripting language built on the.NET Framework. Graphical User Interface A type of interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators TCS Internal 14 February Control Panel Part of the Microsoft Windows graphical user interface Allows users to view and manipulate basic system settings and controls via applets TCS Internal 14 February System Properties Displays basic overview of your computer Allow to Change the Computer Name and Domain Link to Startup and Recovery, profile, virtual memory etc TCS Internal 35 Overview of Device Drivers in Windows 7 A driver is a small software program that allows a hardware device to communicate with a computer. Drivers developed for the 32-bit versions do not work with the 64-bit versions, and vice versa. Device drivers that ship with Windows 7 have a Microsoft digital signature. The driver store is the driver repository. Device metadata packages contain device experience XML documents that represent: The properties of the device The device functions Applications and services that support the device. Drivers developed for the 32-bit versions do not work with the 64-bit versions, and vice versa. Device drivers that ship with Windows 7 have a Microsoft digital signature. The driver store is the driver repository. Device metadata packages contain device experience XML documents that represent: The properties of the device The device functions Applications and services that support the device. 14 February Device Manager Helps install and update drivers for hardware devices, change the hardware settings for those devices, and troubleshoot problems Use Device Manager to manage devices only on a local computer TCS Internal 14 February 2016 Discussion: Options for Recovering from a Driver Problem 1.How often have new devices and their associated drivers introduced reliability problems on computers that you manage? 2.What are possible ways of recovering from a driver problem? Describe a situation in which you might use each recovery method to resolve a driver problem. 14 February 2016 In this demonstration, you will see how to: Update a device driver Roll back a device driver Install a driver into the driver store Demonstration: Managing Drivers 39 Standard User: Standard accounts are the basic accounts you use for normal, everyday tasks. As a Standard user, you can do just about anything you would need to do, such as running software or personalizing your desktop. Administrator: Administrator accounts are special accounts that are used for making certain changes to system settings or managing other people's accounts. They have full access to every setting on the computer. Every computer will have at least one Administrator account. Local Users and Groups: A user group is a collection of user accounts that all have the same security rights 14 February Network and Sharing Center Network and Sharing Center provides real-time status information about your network. You can see if your computer is connected to your network or the Internet, the type of connection, and what level of access you have to other computers and devices on the network. TCS Internal 14 February Network and Sharing Center Network and Sharing Center provides real-time status information about your network. You can see if your computer is connected to your network or the Internet, the type of connection, and what level of access you have to other computers and devices on the network. Wireless Connectivity Manage Network adaptors and troubleshoot connectivity TCS Internal 14 February Network and Sharing Center Startic IP Dynamic IP (DHCP) TCS Internal 14 February Windows Basic Features, Tools and Utilities Windows 7 Environment Variables System Tools, Storage, Services and Applications Devices and Printers Registry and Group Policy Editor Action Center and Windows Update Backup and Restore Bitlocker Drive Encryption and Bitlocker To Go Windows Firewall Folder Security Windows Help and Support Defragmentation, Checkdsk and Scan dsk TCS Internal 14 February Environment Variable An environment variable is a dynamic "object" on a computer that stores a value, which in turn can be referenced by one or more software programs in Windows. Environment variables help programs know what directory to install files in, where to store temporary files, where to find user profile settings, and other things. It can be said that environment variables help to create and shape the environment of where a program runs. TCS Internal 14 February System Tools, Storage, Services and Applications Performance : To examine how programs you run affect your computer's performance, both in real time and by collecting log data for later analysis. Windows Performance Monitor uses performance counters, event trace data, and configuration information, which can be combined into Data Collector Sets. TCS Internal 14 February System Tools, Storage, Services and Applications Event Viewer : Tool that displays detailed information about significant events on your computer. Event Viewer can be helpful when troubleshooting problems and errors with Windows and other programs. TCS Internal 14 February System Tools, Storage, Services and Applications Services and Applications : A Windows service is a computer program that operates in the background to run applications TCS Internal 14 February User Account Control TCS Internal User Account Control (UAC) is a feature in Windows that can help you stay in control of your computer by informing you when a program makes a change that requires administrator-level permission. UAC works by adjusting the permission level of your user account. When changes are going to be made to your computer that require administrator-level permission, UAC notifies you. 14 February Action Center TCS Internal Action Center is a central place to view alerts and take actions that can help keep Windows running smoothly. Action Center lists important messages about security and maintenance settings that need your attention 14 February Devices and Printers Allows you to interact with all the external devices and some of the internal devices connected to your computer (desktop, laptop, tablet, etc), all in one place. Providing a friendly way to interact with external devices connected to your computer. TCS Internal 14 February Registry and Local Policy Editor The registry is a database in Windows that contains important information about system hardware, installed programs and settings, and profiles of each of the user accounts on your computer. Windows continually refers to the information in the registry. The Local Group Policy Editor is a Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in that provides a single user interface through which all the settings of Local Group Policy objects can be managed. TCS Internal 14 February Windows Update TCS Internal Windows Update helps keep your PC saferand your software currentby fetching the latest security and feature updates from Microsoft via the Internet. 14 February Backup and Restore TCS Internal Backup and Restore creates safety copies of your most important personal files. Choose what to back up, or pick individual folders, libraries, and drives yourself. Windows can back up files on whatever schedule you choosejust set it and forget it. 14 February Bitlocker Drive Encryption and Bitlocker To Go TCS Internal BitLocker helps keep everything from documents to passwords safer by encrypting the entire drive that Windows and your data reside on. Once BitLocker is turned on, any file you save on that drive is encrypted automatically. BitLocker To Go gives the lockdown treatment to easily- misplaced portable storage devices like USB flash drives and external hard drives. 14 February File Security TCS Internal Access Control List Permission to individual users and Groups Allow, Deny and and Inheritable permission Advanced Security Auditing, Owner and Effective permission 14 February Help and Support TCS Internal Help and Support Center is an electronic reference manual on Microsoft Windows that tries to answer queried problems while troubleshooting. It provides both offline and online manuals, and has been included with Windows Remote Assistance is a technology in Windows which enables Windows users to help each other over the Internet. 14 February Remote Desktop TCS Internal Using to connect remote machine over the network through RD protocol Alternate to use mstsc in CMD/RUN 14 February Basic Troubleshooting TCS Internal PC wont boot into Windows Try Safe Mode F8 Last known good configuration Use startup repair tools Use command prompt from boot CD to use bootrec /fixboot command Use System restore DART (Disaster and Recovery Tool) PC Crashing or Blue Screen Log Analysis c:\windows\Memory.dmp Windows Debugging tool kit Remove old drivers and Install correct and updated drivers Remove last installed device PC Slow Check Task Manager Process, Applications and Resource Cleanup the PC Utility, delete temp, cashe etc Virtual memory, System startup services Defrag/Scan and check disk Performance Monitor 14 February Basic Troubleshooting TCS Internal Track Events and Issues Event Manager Action Center Network Issues Pullout the ping command Check LAN Adapter Properties Disable and Re-Enable your connection Internet Access Issues Check LAN setting in Internet Check DNS details Reset all IE settings Check Security settings in IE 14 February Reference TCS Internal TCS Internal Thank You 14 February 2016TCS Internal