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Open Data, Linked Data Janet McKnight Oxford University Computing Services July 2010 ICTF Conference 2010 1/5

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Page 1: OpenData,LinkedDataold.ictf.ox.ac.uk/conference/2010/presentations/wks18_Open_Data.pdf · data fusion !! Maps data from diverse independent data sources !! Search/browse over merged

Open Data, Linked Data

Janet McKnightOxford University Computing Services

July 2010

ICTF Conference 2010 1/5

Page 2: OpenData,LinkedDataold.ictf.ox.ac.uk/conference/2010/presentations/wks18_Open_Data.pdf · data fusion !! Maps data from diverse independent data sources !! Search/browse over merged

Our panellists

1 Graham Klyne (Zoology)2 Sally Rumsey (Bodleian Library)3 Neil Jefferies (Bodleian Library)4 Howard Noble (OUCS)

ICTF Conference 2010 2/5

Page 3: OpenData,LinkedDataold.ictf.ox.ac.uk/conference/2010/presentations/wks18_Open_Data.pdf · data fusion !! Maps data from diverse independent data sources !! Search/browse over merged

What is open data?

‘A piece of knowledge is open if you are free to use, reuse, andredistribute it — subject only, at most, to the requirement toattribute and share-alike.’

[From http://www.opendefinition.org/]

ICTF Conference 2010 3/5

Page 4: OpenData,LinkedDataold.ictf.ox.ac.uk/conference/2010/presentations/wks18_Open_Data.pdf · data fusion !! Maps data from diverse independent data sources !! Search/browse over merged

What is linked data?

‘The semantic web isn't just about putting data on the web. It isabout making links, so that a person or machine can explore theweb of data. With linked data, when you have some of it, you canfind other, related data.’

[Tim Berners-Lee, fromhttp://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html]

ICTF Conference 2010 4/5

Page 5: OpenData,LinkedDataold.ictf.ox.ac.uk/conference/2010/presentations/wks18_Open_Data.pdf · data fusion !! Maps data from diverse independent data sources !! Search/browse over merged

Four rules of linked data

Use URIs for things

Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names

Return data using standards (RDF)

Link to other things!

ICTF Conference 2010 5/5

Page 6: OpenData,LinkedDataold.ictf.ox.ac.uk/conference/2010/presentations/wks18_Open_Data.pdf · data fusion !! Maps data from diverse independent data sources !! Search/browse over merged

RDF is (stock description)

"The RDF data model is similar to classic conceptual modeling approaches such as Entity-Relationship or Class diagrams, as it is based upon the idea of making statements about resources (in particular Web resources) in the form of subject-predicate-object expressions. These expressions are known as triples in RDF terminology. The subject denotes the resource, and the predicate denotes traits or aspects of the resource and expresses a relationship between the subject and the object."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework

All true, but probably unhelpful, so let's try another approach...

Page 7: OpenData,LinkedDataold.ictf.ox.ac.uk/conference/2010/presentations/wks18_Open_Data.pdf · data fusion !! Maps data from diverse independent data sources !! Search/browse over merged

“Connolly's Bane”

"The bane of my existence is doing things that I know the computer could do for me"

– Dan Connolly, http://www.nature.com/nature/webmatters/xml/xml.html

Many of these things involve combining information from diverse, independently-developed applications

Page 8: OpenData,LinkedDataold.ictf.ox.ac.uk/conference/2010/presentations/wks18_Open_Data.pdf · data fusion !! Maps data from diverse independent data sources !! Search/browse over merged

“Semantic subway” Combining diverse information

Tim Berners-Lee: http://www.w3.org/2006/Talks/0314-ox-tbl/

Page 9: OpenData,LinkedDataold.ictf.ox.ac.uk/conference/2010/presentations/wks18_Open_Data.pdf · data fusion !! Maps data from diverse independent data sources !! Search/browse over merged

RDF is "RDF is a general method to decompose any type of knowledge into small pieces, with some rules about the semantics, or meaning, of those pieces. The point is to have a method so simple that it can express any fact, and yet so structured that computer applications can do useful things with it."

http://rdfabout.com/quickintro.xpd

!! a universal data format

!! schema-free

!! open-world

!! uniformly structured

!! uses global identifier namespace

!! semantically formalized

Page 10: OpenData,LinkedDataold.ictf.ox.ac.uk/conference/2010/presentations/wks18_Open_Data.pdf · data fusion !! Maps data from diverse independent data sources !! Search/browse over merged

CLAROS Classical art data fusion

!! Maps data from diverse independent data sources

!! Search/browse over merged data

Universal – target for relational, XML, and other data

Schema-free – enhancing data structures incrementally

Open world – new data sources

Uniform – merging via RDF

Global names – URIs for objects

Semantics – inference engine http://www.clarosnet.org

Page 11: OpenData,LinkedDataold.ictf.ox.ac.uk/conference/2010/presentations/wks18_Open_Data.pdf · data fusion !! Maps data from diverse independent data sources !! Search/browse over merged

ADMIRAL Small-scale research data curation

!! Research data curation

!! “Curation by addition”

Start with what is available, figure out what we've got, enhance incrementally until ready for publication

universal – can represent arbitrary (meta)data

scheme-free – no foreknowledge of structures needed

open-world – can add new data, missing isn't broken

uniform structure – merge (meta)data from diverse sources

global names – link to public datasets; open publication

!! http://imageweb.zoo.ox.ac.uk/wiki/index.php/ADMIRAL

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Page 26: OpenData,LinkedDataold.ictf.ox.ac.uk/conference/2010/presentations/wks18_Open_Data.pdf · data fusion !! Maps data from diverse independent data sources !! Search/browse over merged

Questions?Over to you...

ICTF Conference 2010 1/2