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nvyq k qc`l ycè dl qdw db Nkih]kmm`q* Ekoldj`k ky kmjf qd w}dràf qcf yèwjì`qp kla

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kla yvwwd}q qcf {vf}p jklovkof bd} b`la`lo kyyfqy, Qcf}f `y ed}f NI] `lqf}fyq `qc`l

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klq qd }favif qcf`} }`yh mp yqìh`lo qd yqklak}ay, @b qcf NI] `y qd mfidef k q}vjp yviifyybvj

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yvwwd}q qcf ywfi`bìkq`dl,

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kvqcd}`lo yf}rf} kla qcfl afwjdpfa qd dlf d} ed}f w}fyflqkq`dl yf}rf} `lyqklify, Fkic

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cqqw$cqqwy,

Bòv}f ;, Ekoldj`k Yi}fflycdq> Idlbòv}f Yvmyi}`mf}y

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qcfl afwjdp`lo idlqflq kla qfewjkqf idaf, Qcf}f `y k Yvmrf}y`dl }fwdy`qd}p bd} yck}`lo

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ckrf, Qcf lfjp }fjfkyfa rf}y`dl 9,6 `lq}davifa k ed}f wjvookmjf k}ic`qfiqv}f qckq ekpbki`j`qkqf qcf yck}`lo db edavjfy, ]òcq ld edavjf yck}`lo `y jè`qfa qd qcf ek`j`lo j`yq,

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idaf qd mf ed}f fky`jp yck}fa ki}dyy ivyqde idewdlflqy,





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qcf fm y`qf, Qcf w}èk}p vyf} `lqf}bkif `y -Kae`lIflq}kj- qckq `y vyfa bd} kjj y`qf

kae`l`yq}kq`dl* idlbòv}kq`dl* kla afrfjdweflq qkyhy, Qcf -fm y`qf- yfiq`dl ycdy k ijfkl

r`f db qcf c`f}k}icìkj y`qf q}ff, Idjd} ida`lo `y vyfa qd fsw}fyy d}hbjd `l qc}ff yqkqfy>

}fa bd} vlwvmj`ycfa* o}ffl bd} wvmj`ycfa* kla pfjjd efkly qckq qcf kyyfq cky icklofa

y`lif `q ky jkyq wvmj`ycfa, Idlqfsq yfly`q`rf }òcq%ijìh eflvy ycd ckq kiq`dly k}f

krk`jkmjf qd qcf vyf} mkyfa dl c`y yfiv}`qp wf}e`yy`dly,

Bòv}f =, Ekoldj`k Yi}fflycdq> M}dy`lo `l Kae`lIflq}kj

Qcf ek`l -Kae`lIflq}kj- vyf} `lqf}bkif `y qcf w}èk}p kp qd lkròkqf qd fa`q idlqflq,

Qcf yfidla efqcda db lkròkq`lo qcf fm y`qf `y qc}dvoc w}fr`f edaf, Idlqflq

idlq}`mvqd}y ikl m}dyf k}dvla qcf kvqcd}`lo `lyqklif `l w}fr`f edaf* cìc ycdyfa`qkmjf }fo`dly ky fjj ky mvqqdly bd} fa`q`lo, Qc`y `lqf}bkif `y kjyd vyfa qd fa`q wkof

efqkakqk kla edrf wk}ko}kwcy k}dvla dl qcf wkof,





Bòv}f 9, Ekoldj`k Yi}fflycdq> Wkof Jkpdvq

Idlqflq idlq}`mvqd}y ikl m}dyf k}dvla qcf kvqcd}`lo `lyqklif `l w}fr`f edaf kla fa`q wk}ko}kwcy mp ijìh`lo

qcf fa`q mvqqdly, Qc`y `lqf}bkif `y kjyd vyfa qd fa`q wkof efqkakqk kla edrf wk}ko}kwcy k}dvla dl qcf wkof,

Ydv}if> Ekoldj`k adiveflqkq`dl y`qf,

Ekoldj`k `y ijdyfjp q`fa qd qcf c`f}k}icìkj edafj db qcf NI], Qcf w}èk}p idlqflq qpwf

`y k oflf}ì -wkof- qckq `y idewdyfa db -wk}ko}kwcy- kla efqkakqk, Kjqcdvoc wkofy k}f

ldq -qpwfa- `lqd idlqflq qpwfy d} ijkyyfy* k wkof `y afb`lfa mp k qfewjkqf qckq afqf}e`lfy

qcf yq}viqv}f db qcf wkof mp i}fkq`lo }fo`dly qckq ikl cdja wk}ko}kwcy, Bd} fskewjf* k

qfewjkqf eòcq ckrf k qc}ff idjvel jkpdvq `qc qcf iflqf} idjvel idlqk`l`lo qcf ek`l wkof

idlqflq kla k }òcq idjvel idlqk`l`lo yàfmk} idlqflq idewdlflqy, @l qc`y fskewjf* qcf

vyf} dvja mf kmjf qd kaa wk}ko}kwcy qd qcf iflqf} kla }òcq idjvel, Qcf qfewjkqf dvja

kjyd idlq}dj qcf a`ywjkp db qcf wk}ko}kwcy `l qcf wkof,

Wk}ko}kwcy k}f yq}viqv}fa idlqflq qpwfy `l qcf`} dl }òcq kla ikl ckrf qcf`} dl

efqkakqk, Wk}ko}kwcy k}f afb`lfa mp kla fa`qfa `qc wdw%vw -a`kjdoy- qckq ikl ckrf

evjq`wjf qkmy, @l kaa`q`dl qd wk}ko}kwcy qckq kiifwq idlqflq* qcf}f k}f kjyd wk}ko}kwcy qckq

cdja aplkeì wkof idewdlflqy, Qcf afbkvjq Ekoldj`k Flqf}w}`yf `lyqkjjkq`dl idefy `qc

wk}ko}kwc qpwfy bd}> Qfsq kla èkof* B`jf adljdka* J`lh* Klicd}* Adiveflqy> J`yq* Yfk}ic

mp qdwìy* ]YY j`lh* ]YY ìdl* Edr`f Wjkpf}* Idaf fskewjf* Lkròkq`dl* M}fkai}vem* Ek`j

bd}e* `B}kef* = Idjvely* Nkrkyi}`wq* Bvjj qfsq yfk}ic `lwvq b`fja* Bvjj qfsq yfk}ic }fyvjq*

EW9 Wjkpf}* kla Qfsq yi}djjf}, Lf wk}ko}kwc qpwfy k}f afb`lfa mp i}fkq`lo ivyqde a`kjdoy

qc}dvoc qcf kae`l`yq}kq`rf vyf} `lqf}bkif,





Bòv}f 1, Ekoldj`k Yi}fflycdq> Fa`q A`kjdo

Fkic wk}ko}kwc qpwf cky `qy dl fa`q a`kjdo, Ijìh`lo qcf fa`q mvqqdl jkvlicfy kl fa`q a`kjdo qckq idlqk`ly bd}e b`fjay bd} qcf yq}viqv}fa fjfeflqy db qcf wk}ko}kwc, Wk}ko}kwcy ikl kjyd ckrf qcf`} dl efqkakqk, @ekof ydv}if>

Ekoldj`k adiveflqkq`dl y`qf,

Qc`y edafj `y a`bbf}flq qckl edyq fm idlqflq eklkofeflq ypyqfe afyòly qckq i}fkqf

yfeklqìkjjp efkl`lobvj idlqflq qpwfy kq qcf wkof jfrfj, @l Ekoldj`k* }kqcf} qckl i}fkq`lo

k lf -frflq- kyyfq* dlf dvja i}fkqf k wkof kla wvq `l k ivyqde -frflq `lbd- wk}ko}kwc

qckq idlqk`lfa fjfeflqy bd} `lbd}ekq`dl j`hf akqf* qèf* jdikq`dl* kla afyi}`wq`dl, Qd i}fkqf

kl frflq ikjflak} wkof qckq j`yqfa frflqy ic}dldjdoìkjjp* k aplkeì qfewjkqf dvja lffa

qd jddh bd} kjj -frflq `lbd- wk}ko}kwcy kla a`ywjkp qcfe,

Qcf afyòl db Ekoldj`k `y ldq idlavi`rf qd yck}`lo idlqflq ki}dyy wkofy mvq qcf}f k}fd}h k}dvlay, K ideedl yq}kqfop `y qd i}fkqf k ldl%lkròkmjf idjjfiq`dl db wkofy qckq k}f

nvyq idlqk`lf}y bd} ojdmkj kyyfqy, Qcfl wk}ko}kwc qfewjkqfy ikl mf w}do}keefa qd wvjj `l

wk}ko}kwcy b}de qcfyf wkofy, _c`jf qcf yq}kqfop d}hy b`lf* `q `y k m}fkh b}de qcf drf}kjj

m}dyf%qd%fa`q efqkwcd},

Jdikj`~kq`dl* lf `l rf}y`dl 9,6* `y adlf kq qcf wk}ko}kwc jfrfj, @l qcf Ekoldj`k jdikj`~kq`dl

yq}kqfop* k jklovkof lfvq}kj wkof cky k idjjfiq`dl db wk}ko}kwcy, Fkic wk}ko}kwc cky





`qy dl jklovkof ywfi`bì fjfeflqy qckq* `l qcf fa`q a`kjdo* k}f d}okl`~fa `lqd qkmy, Bd}

fskewjf* `b k wk}ko}kwc `y q}klyjkqkmjf `lqd Floj`yc kla Of}ekl* qcf}f ekp mf Floj`yc

Q`qjf kla Of}ekl Q`qjf b`fjay qckq k}f dl a`bbf}flq qkmy, _cfl qcf wkof `y }flaf}fa* k jdikjf

àflq`b`f} `l qcf V]J wkqc qfjjy Ekoldj`k ckq jklovkof ywfi`bì wk}ko}kwc b`fjay qd ycd,

@q `y fkyp qd yff cd qc`y edafj dvja m}fkh adl `l y`qfy qckq k}f wvmj`ycfa `l eklp

a`bbf}flq jklovkofy mvq `q yffey kaf{vkqf bd} y`qfy qckq k}f q}klyjkqfa `lqd vw qd qc}ff d}bdv} jklovkofy, Wf}ckwy idewkl`fy qckq d}h `l eklp jklovkofy o}dvw qcf jdikj`~kq`dly

`lqd evjq`wjf `lafwflaflq Ekoldj`k `lyqklify, Cdfrf}* qc`y afyòl dvja ldq fbbfiq`rfjp

flkmjf idlqflq yck}`lo mfqffl qcf y`qfy, Kldqcf} jè`qkq`dl `y qckq qcf V]Jy dvja dljp mf

`l qcf w}èk}p jklovkof qckq qcf wkof ky `l, Bd} k b`}yq kqqfewq* qcf jdikj`~kq`dl ypyqfe `y

ldq qdd mka, Cdfrf}* qcf wjkl `y bd} k eknd} èw}drfeflq `l }fjfkyf 1,7,

Bòv}f 6, Ekoldj`k Yi}fflycdq> Jdikj`~fa Fa`q A`kjdo

@l Ekoldj`k/y lf jdikj`~kq`dl yicfef* idlqflq `y jdikj`~fa kq qcf wk}ko}kwc jfrfj, Fkic wk}ko}kwc `y o`rfl k yfq

db b`fjay bd} fkic jklovkof yvwwd}qfa,

]ìc qfsq fa`q`lo yf}rìfy k}f w}dràfa mp BIHfa`qd}, Mp afbkvjq* vyf}y k}f ldq kmjf qd

femfa èkofy a`}fiqjp `lqd qcf qfsq k}fk vy`lo kl èkof mvqqdl, @lyqfka* qcfp lffa qd od qd

kl èkof qkm db qcf wk}ko}kwc a`kjdo qd vwjdka kl èkof qckq `jj mf wjkifa mp qcf a`ywjkp

qfewjkqf, Qcf èkof qkm db qcf wk}ko}kwc a`kjdo ekp w}fyflq qcf vyf} `qc dwq`dly yvic

ky kjòleflq* qfsq }kww`lo* kla b`fjay bd} kqq}`mvqfy yvic ky ikwq`dl, Qc`y `y oflf}kjjp k

odda yq}kqfop mfikvyf `q kjjdy qcf IEY qd mf kk}f db èkofy kla o`rf `q ed}f idlq}dj

qd eklkof qcf`} a`ywjkp, Qcf BIHFa`qd} ikl mf idlbòv}fa qd kjjd dqcf} kpy db afkj`lo

`qc èkofy* `b yd afy`}fa, Ekoldj`k cky ld ywfi`kj j`lh eklkofeflq bvliq`dlkj`qp, @lqf}lkj

j`lhy k}f idlyq}viqfa qc}dvoc k wkqc mvq `lqf}lkjjp qcf }fjkq`dlyc`w `y ek`lqk`lfa qc}dvoc

qcf vl`{vf àflq`b`f} db qcf kyyfq #VV@A), Qc`y efkly qckq `b qcf qk}ofq kyyfq `y edrfa d}

}flkefa* qcf j`lh `jj yq`jj d}h, @b qcf qk}ofq wkof `y afjfqfa kla qcfl }fwjkifa `qc kldqcf}

wkof `qc qcf ykef lkef* qcf j`lh`lo efickl`ye `jj bkjj mkih kla vyf qcf V]@ qd j`lh qd





qcf lf wkof, Cdfrf}* Ekoldj`k adfy ldq eklkof j`lhy kla `y ldq kmjf qd k}l k vyf}

cfl afjfq`lo kl kyyfq `jj i}fkqf k m}dhfl j`lh, Qcf}f `y kjyd ld r`f db ckq wkofy j`lh

qd k wkof j`hf `l Ak`yp* Jflpk* kla DwflIey, Vy`lo k qc`}a wk}qp j`lh icfih`lo ydbqk}f `y

kar`yfa,

Ldq kjj kvqcd}y j`hf qd qc`lh db qcf`} wkofy idjjfiq`dly db wk}ko}kwc idewdlflqy, @q ekhfy

`q ck}a qd }f%bkiqd} qfsq cfkrp wkofy cfl pdv ckrf qd dwfl a`bbf}flq wdw vw a`kjdoy qd

edrf qfsq b}de dlf wk}ko}kwc qd kldqcf}, Kvqcd}y cd }`qf qfsq cfkrp wkofy `jj ckrf k

qflaflip qd wvq `l ck}a }fqv}ly qd i}fkqf evjq`wjf wk}ko}kwc%jddh`lo qfsq mjdihy `qc`l k

y`lojf wk}ko}kwc idewdlflq, Qc`y `y w}dmkmjp ldq k mka qc`lo, Yq`jj* qc`y idewdlflq wkof

edafj `y k lìf idew}de`yf mfqffl yq}viqv}f kla vyf} idlq}dj drf} jkpdvq, Yq}viqv}`lo

idlqflq `l qc`y kp kjjdy k qfewjkqf afrfjdwf} qd }f%d}okl`~f qcf jkpdvq db qcf wkofy mp

fa`q`lo qcf qfewjkqf }kqcf} qckl fa`q`lo idlqflq, Cdfrf}* mfikvyf wkof idewdlflqy k}f

ldq fky`jp }f%vyfa ki}dyy wkofy* qcf mflfb`q db qcf yq}viqv}f `y ydefckq }favifa,

Y`lif }fjfkyf 9,7* Ekoldj`k cky vyfa qcf dwfl ydv}if Nkrk d}hbjd flo`lf Dwfl_BF

qd eklkof d}hbjd, Ekoldj`k/y IQD Md}`y H}kbq `y k idee`qqf} dl qcf Dwfl_BF w}dnfiq,

J`hf edyq d}hbjd flo`lfy* Dwfl_BF vyfy kl SEJ yplqks qd i}fkqf -w}difyy afb`l`q`dly*-

kjqcdvoc Dwfl_BF adfy ldq vyf k yqklak}ay mkyfa w}difyy afb`l`q`dl jklovkof* yvic ky

MWFJ, @l qcf idlbòv}kq`dl k}fk db qcf kae`l`yq}kq`dl `lqf}bkif* qcf}f `y k wjkif qd wkyqf

`l k w}difyy afb`l`q`dl, Qcf d}hbjd afb`l`q`dl }fbf}flify -ideeklay- cìc k}f ekwwfa

qd ijkyyfy `l qcf kae`l`yq}kq`dl `lqf}bkif, Qcf afbkvjq afb`l`q`dl qckq idefy `qc qcf mkyì

`lyqkjjkq`dl* -kiq`rkq`dl*- cky ideeflqfa%dvq yfiq`dly bd} bvliq`dly j`hf fek`j ldq`bìkq`dl,





YPYQFE EKLKOFEFLQ KLA IDLB@OV]KQ@DL

Ekoldj`k/y kiifyy idlq}dj j`yq ypyqfe `y mkyfa dl qcf Vl`s edafj, Vyf}y kla o}dvwy k}f

o}klqfa w}`r`jfofy db }fka* }`qf* d} aflp, Kiifyy `y o}klqfa c`f}k}icìkjjp dl qcf y`qf q}ff,

W}`r`jfofy k}f mvlajfa `lqd -}djfy,- Qpwìkjjp* kiifyy `y afl`fa kq qcf }ddq db qcf idlqflq

q}ff kla qcfl o}klqfa kq jdf} m}klicfy db qcf q}ff, Kjj yfiv}`qp eklkofeflq `y adlfqc}dvoc qcf kae`l`yq}kq`rf vyf} `lqf}bkif, Qcf }fideeflafa idlbòv}kq`dl `y qd kyyòl k

mkyf }djf qd kjj vyf}y ckrf qckq w}dràf k e`lèkj jfrfj db }fka kiifyy dl qcf }fwdy`qd}p,

Qcfl vyf}y ofq kaa`q`dlkj }djfy qckq f`qcf} }fyq}ìq d} kjjd ed}f ywfi`bì kiifyy,

Qcf JAKW `lqfo}kq`dl yvwwd}qfa `l qcf Flqf}w}`yf Fa`q`dl `y dljp bd} kvqcflqìkq`dl

wv}wdyfy* kjqcdvoc Ekoldj`k adfy w}dràf kl kmyq}kiq ijkyy qckq ikl mf fsqflafa qd vyf

`lbd}ekq`dl `l qcf JAKW a`}fiqd}p bd} kvqcd}`~kq`dl jdoì, Yfrf}kj Ideevl`qp Fa`q`dl vyf}y

ckrf mv`jq qcf`} dl èwjfeflqkq`dl db qcf JAKW idllfiq`dl edavjf,

@ewd}q`lo idlqflq dvja mf adlf qc}dvoc qcf NI] KW@ bd} cìc Ekoldj`k w}dràfy k

efqcda `l `qy OV@, Nkih]kmm`q* bd} fskewjf* cky k efqcda ikjjfa _d}hywkif,èwd}qSEJ#)qckq kiifwqy kl SEJ adiveflq ky k Yq}`lo, Qcf Flqf}w}`yf Fa`q`dl idefy `qc ydef vyfbvj

bfkqv}fy bd} flqf}w}`yf afwjdpeflqy, K wkihkof} edavjf ikl fswd}q kla èwd}q flq`}f

`lyqklify db Ekoldj`k ky wkihkofy, Qc`y `y vyfbvj bd} mkih%vw kla }fidrf}p* }fwjìkq`dl*

kla kjyd bd} eklko`lo afrfjdwf} yklamdsfy, Nkih]kmm`q kjyd cky k -ypyqfer`f- efqcda

qckq fswd}qy qcf cdjf }fwdy`qd}p ky kl SEJ adiveflq, Dl qcf _`h`* qcf}f k}f ydef yi}`wqy

kla Klq qkyhy qckq ikl yplic}dl`~f idlqflq kla qfewjkqfy mfqffl Ekoldj`k `lyqklify,

Qcfyf yi}`wqy kjyd cklajf qcf NYW qfewjkqf idaf qckq `y yqd}fa `l qcf b`jf ypyqfe,

Qcf}f k}f k lvemf} db qddjy krk`jkmjf bd} fa`q`lo qcf NI] }fwdy`qd}p a`}fiqjp, Akp dbbf}y

k b}ff Fij`wyf wjvo`l qckq ikl m}dyf kla fa`q idlqflq `l mdqc Nkih]kmm`q kla `qy I]S

}fwdy`qd}p, Cdfrf}* qcfyf qddjy bkjj ycd}q db qcf bke`j`k}`qp kla wdf} db Y[J akqkmkyf

eklkofeflq qddjy, Qcf NI] `y k lf yqklak}a8 fswfiq mfqqf} qddj yvwwd}q ky qcf yqklak}a

ekqv}fy,

Ekoldj`k/y evjq`%y`qf cdyq`lo ikwkm`j`q`fy k}f jè`qfa, Qcf edyq ideedl kww}dkic `y qd ckrf

}ddq fjfeflqy bd} fkic db qcf y`qfy kla qcfl vyf r`}qvkj cdyqy kla V]J }f}`q`lo qd ekw

a`bbf}flq adek`ly qd ywfi`bì m}klicfy db qcf idlqflq q}ff, Qcf c`f}k}icìkj wf}e`yy`dl`lo

ypyqfe ikl mf vyfa qd }fyq}ìq kvqcd}`lo kiifyy qd ywfi`bì -yvmy`qfy,- Bfkqv}fy j`hf

ikicf ijfk}`lo k}f ojdmkj ki}dyy qcf kwwjìkq`dl* yd dlf y`qf ijfk}`lo `qy ikicf `jj ckrf k

wf}bd}eklif èwkiq ki}dyy dqcf} y`qfy, Qckq ykà* eklp Ekoldj`k vyf}y }vl evjq`wjf y`qfy

dl qcf wjkqbd}e, Qcfp nvyq i}fkqf k yfwk}kqf `lyqklif bd} fkic y`qf,

_`qc qcf èw}drfa afwjdpeflq efickl`ye `lq}davifa `l rf}y`dl 9,6* ypyqfe mkih%vwcky èw}drfa, ]fovjk} afwjdpeflqy ikl mkih vw qd dqcf} `lyqklify db qcf }fwdy`qd}p,

Idewkl`fy lffa`lo k ed}f }dmvyq mkih%vw ypyqfe ekp idlyàf} vwo}ka`lo qcf }fwdy`qd}p

bd} qcf afbkvjq Nkih]kmm`q NI] èwjfeflqkq`dl qd Akp/y I]S qckq w}dràfy cdq mkih%vw

bvliq`dlkj`qp, Dqcf}`yf* qcf mfyq kww}dkic `y qd qkhf qcf ypyqfe adl kla ad k avew db

qcf akqkmkyf mf`lo vyfa ky qcf wf}y`yqflif jkpf},





W]FYFLQKQ@DL

Ekoldj`k cky k -b}p`lo- yqpjf w}fyflqkq`dl ypyqfe cf}f wkofy k}f oflf}kqfa kq }f{vfyq

qèf }kqcf} qckl w}f%idew`jfa `lqd CQEJ qd mf yf}rfa mp k yèwjf fm yf}rf}, Ikic`lo `y

adlf kq qcf wkof jfrfj vy`lo k ivyqde ikicf èwjfeflqkq`dl d} dwq`dlkjjp qcf wdwvjk} dwfl

ydv}if ikic`lo b}kefd}h fcikicf, Ikicf `y `lrkjàkqfa cfl lf idlqflq `y wvmj`ycfakla #ld `qc 9,6) cfl qfewjkqf idaf `y icklofa, Qcf ek`l `yyvf cf}f `y qckq ikicf

ijfk}`lo `y ojdmkj* yd còc q}kbbì y`qfy ycdvja wvmj`yc kq }fovjk} `lqf}rkjy qd jè`q qcf lvemf}

db ikicf ijfk}`lo frflqy, Qcf iflq}kj`~fa ikic`lo efickl`ye `y dlf db qcf hfp `yyvfy qckq

jè`q Ekoldj`k/y yv`qkm`j`qp bd} evjq`%y`qf cdyq`lo,

Ekoldj`k adfy wdf} ydef bk`}jp còc q}kbbì y`qfy* yvic ky B}klif=1 Xcqqw>$$

,b}klif=1,ide$U, Còc qc}dvocwvq `y kic`frfa qc}dvoc ijvyqf}`lo w}fyflqkq`dl yf}rf}y

kla qcf}f `y yvwwd}q db yfyy`dl bfaf}kq`dl, @l qc`y idlbòv}kq`dl* qcf w}fyflqkq`dl q`f} `y

}fka%dljp, @lqf}fyq`lojp* B}klif=1 `y vy`lo qcf Ideevl`qp Fa`q`dl yd qcfp evyq ckrf

afrfjdwfa qcf`} dl rf}y`dl db qcf ijvyqf}`lo efickl`ye qckq idefy `qc qcf Flqf}w}`yf

Fa`q`dl, Dlf ideedl yq}kqfop `y qd wvmj`yc a`bbf}flq yfiq`dly db qcf y`qf qd a`bbf}flq afj`rf}pyf}rf}y, Bd} fskewjf* k còcjp `lqf}kiq`rf yfiq`dl ekp mf wvq dl kldqcf} afj`rf}p yf}rf} yd

qckq qcf idewvqkq`dlkj idewjfs`qp db qcdyf wkofy adfy ldq afo}kaf qcf wf}bd}eklif db qcf

flq`}f y`qf, K bvqv}f rf}y`dl db Ekoldj`k `jj `lq}davif k -mkh`lo- yqpjf edafj cf}f yqkqì

CQEJ b`jfy k}f afwjdpfa qd k fm yf}rf} bk}e,

Ky w}fr`dvyjp eflq`dlfa* wkofy k}f }flaf}fa kq }f{vfyq qèf, Ekoldj`k cky `qy dl edafj%

r`f%idlq}djjf} èwjfeflqkq`dl, V]Jy }fbjfiq qcf d}okl`~kq`dlkj c`f}k}icp db qcf y`qf,

Ekoldj`k adfy yvwwd}q r`}qvkj V]Jy d} V]J kj`kyfy, Dl qcf ek`j`lo j`yq* ydef afrfjdwf}y

ckrf }fwd}qfa yviifyy `l `lqfo}kq`lo Ekoldj`k `qc k Yq}vqy mkyfa afj`rf}p q`f} kjqcdvoc

qc`y dvja w}dmkmjp ekhf ed}f yflyf cfl vy`lo qcf vlyvwwd}qfa Ideevl`qp Fa`q`dl

}kqcf} qckl kyq`lo edlfp dl qcf Flqf}w}`yf Fa`q`dl mp ekh`lo `q vlyvwwd}qkmjf,

Idlqflq w}fyflqkq`dl qfewjkqfy ckrf q}ka`q`dlkjjp mffl }`qqfl `l NYW `qc qcf cfjw db qcf

Nkrk Yqklak}a Qko J`m}k}p #NYQJ) kla ivyqde Ekoldj`k qkoy qckq k}f w}dràfa vlaf} qcf

lkefywkif -iey-, Qcf qc`}a wk}qp kaa%dl EkoQkoy a`yq}`mvqfa mp Lddajf Dwfl Ydv}if

vlaf} qcf JOWJ w}dràfy idlrfl`flq cfjwf} qkoy, Rfjdi`qp kla B}ffek}hf} NK]Y yc`w

`qc qcf w}daviq mvq k}f ldq* mp afbkvjq* krk`jkmjf bd} vyf ky kl kjqf}lkq`rf qfewjkq`lo

jklovkof, Cdfrf}* `q `y wdyy`mjf qd mv`ja kjqf}lkq`rf -}flaf}f}y- qckq jfrf}kof qcfyf

qficldjdo`fy, Qcf}f `y a`yivyy`dl `qc`l qcf Ekoldj`k ideevl`qp bd} kadwq`lo Nkrk

Yf}rf} Bkify* d} wdqflq`kjjp kl KNKS mkyfa b}kefd}h #yvic ky Oddojf/y O_Q%Fsq) ky k

afj`rf}p b}kefd}h, Mvq bd} ld* qcf dbbì`kjjp ykliq`dlfa b}dlq fla db Ekoldj`k `y NYW `qc

Ekoldj`k/y qko j`m}k}p, Qcf NYW idaf b`jfy k}f yqd}fa `l qcf b`jf ypyqfe vlaf} qcf -fmkww-

a`}fiqd}p kla wd`lqfa qd mp ldafy `l qcf }fwdy`qd}p,

Qcf Flqf}w}`yf rf}y`dl idefy `qc k edavjf ikjjfa -Y`qfafyòlf}- qckq kjjdy qfewjkqfy

qd mf afrfjdwfa kla eda`b`fa qc}dvoc k afyòl flr`}dleflq `qc`l qcf kae`l `lqf}bkif,

Qc`y `y k idlrfl`flq bfkqv}f bd} idewkl`fy qckq ad ldq ckrf fm afyòlf}y kq qcf }fkap qd

}fywdla qd qfewjkqf icklof }f{vfyqy, Y`qfafyòlf} idly`yqy db k oflf}kj`~fa wk}kefqf}`~fa

qfewjkqf qckq kjjdy k mvy`lfyy vyf} qd fa`q w}dwf}q`fy qd idlq}dj qcf jkpdvq, Qcf}f k}f

ld _PY@_PO* a}ko%kla%a}dw o}kwcìkj bfkqv}fy qckq k A}fke_fkrf} vyf} ekp mf










kiivyqdefa qd, @lyqfka* Ekoldj`k vyfy qcf a`kjdo edafj `qc mvlic db w}dwf}qp b`fjay, Qcf

fa`q mvqqdly kwwfk} }òcq lfsq qd qcf mvqqdly vyfa qd fa`q idlqflq, Y`qfafyòlf} qfewjkqf

vwakqfy k}f yqd}fa kq qcf wkof jfrfj kla ikl mf `lcf}`qfa adl qcf q}ff yq}viqv}f d}

drf}}àafl mp ic`ja wkofy,

Bòv}f 2, Ekoldj`k Yi}fflycdq> Y`qf Afyòlf}

Y`qfafyòlf} idly`yqy db k wk}kefqf}`~fa qfewjkqf qckq kjjdy k vyf} qd idlq}dj qcf jddh kla mfckr`d} db wkofy mp

yfqq`lo w}dwf}q`fy,

Kjqcdvoc Ekoldj`k cky k aplkeì afj`rf}p q`f}* qcf yfwk}kq`dl db qcf kvqcd}`lo flr`}dleflqkla qcf afj`rf}p flr`}dleflq ekhfy `q jfyy yv`qkmjf bd} r`y`qd} idlq}`mvq`dl bvliq`dlkj`qp,

Cdfrf}* qcf}f `y k yq}kqfop qd yqd}f r`y`qd} yvme`qqfa idlqflq `l k a`bbf}flq d}hywkif

`qc`l qcf NI] kla }fwjìkqf qckq d}hywkif mkih qd qcf kvqcd}`lo flr`}dleflq, Ekoldj`k

adfy ek`lqk`l ydef kaa%dl edavjfy qd afj`rf} ideevl`qp d}`flqfa bvliq`dlkj`qp #yvic ky

bd}vey kla wdjjy) mvq qcfp k}f fsq}fefjp yèwj`yqì kla ldq fjj adiveflqfa, Qcfp ycdvja*

kq mfyq* mf idlyàf}fa ky k yqk}q`lo wd`lq dl cìc qd mv`ja ivyqde bvliq`dlkj`qp, Edavjfy

ikl mf adljdkafa b}de qcf Ekoldj`k Yvmrf}y`dl }fwdy`qd}p cìc d}okl`~fy qcfe `lqd

Ideevl`qp kla Flqf}w}`yf edavjfy, Qcf Flqf}w}`yf yfiq`dl db qcf ydv}if idaf }fwdy`qd}p

`y wkyyd}a w}dqfiqfa, Edavjf yvwwd}q `y }fjkq`rfjp lf bd} Ekoldj`k* yd vyf}y ikl fswfiq

ed}f afrfjdweflq `l qc`y k}fk, Kjyd `l qcf bvqv}f* Ekoldj`k wjkly qd `lq}davif ed}f r`y`qd}

bki`lo `lqf}kiq`rf bfkqv}fy, Qcfp k}f iv}}flqjp d}h`lo dl k ek}hfq`lo edavjf qckq `jj ckrfbvliq`dlkj`qp j`hf K$M qfyq`lo kla YFD dwqè`~kq`dl qddjy j`hf k Oddojf y`qfekw,

Kldqcf} dwq`dl bd} w}fyflqkq`dl `y qc}dvoc k qc`}a wk}qp NY] ;23 #Yff Ojdyyk}p NY] ;23 )

idewj`klq wd}qkj w}daviq, K Ekoldj`k `lyqklif ikl mf }kwwfa `l k NY] ;23 wd}qjfq kla

yvmyi}`mf qd vwakqfy b}de qcf kvqcd}`lo `lyqklif, Ydja yfwk}kqfjp* qcf}f `y k _fm Yf}rìfy

bd} ]fedqf Wd}qjfqy #Yff Ojdyyk}p _Y]W ) edavjf qckq wvmj`ycfy idlqflq dvq qd qc`y

yqklak}a, Qcf _Y]W edavjf `y lf kla cky ldq pfq mffl koo}fyy`rfjp ydja ky k w}daviq,





Ikic`lo idlbòv}kq`dl `y adlf kq qcf wkof jfrfj mkyfa dl V]J }vjfy, Mp afbkvjq* kjj

wkofy k}f ikicfa `l qcf afj`rf}p q`f}, Ikic`lo `y qcfl qv}lfa dbb dl k wkof mp wkof mky`y

bd} wkofy qckq ckrf aplkeì d} wf}ydlkj`~fa mfckr`d}, Qcf Ekoldj`k k}ic`qfiqv}f ld

qdjf}kqfy id%fs`yqflif `qc dqcf} yfiv}`qp kla ikicf b`jqf}y, Cdfrf}* yfqvw cky mffl

}fwd}qfa qd mf q}ìhp, Jk}of* còc q}kbbì Ekoldj`k èwjfeflqkq`dly qfla qd afwjdp ki}dyy

evjq`wjf afj`rf}p yf}rf}y cìc* kjqcdvoc fswfly`rf b}de k ck}ak}f w}dywfiq`rf* `y yèwjffldvoc qd ad vy`lo Ekoldj`k/y wvmj`yc$yvmyi}`mf edafj,

Bòv}f ?, Ekoldj`k Yi}fflycdq> Idlbòv}f Ikicf

Ikicf `y idlbòv}fa kq qcf wkof jfrfj qc}dvoc Kae`lIflq}kj mp fa`q`lo V]@ ldafy,





AFJ@RF]P KLA YVWWD]Q

Ky `qc eklp ideef}i`kj dwfl ydv}if w}dnfiqy* pdv evyq mvp qcf Flqf}w}`yf Fa`q`dl

`l d}af} qd ofq yvwwd}q bd} qcf w}daviq, Cdfrf}* vlj`hf dqcf} ideef}i`kj dwfl ydv}if

w}dnfiqy `l qc`y }fwd}q* qcf}f `y kiqvkjjp k ideevl`qp mfc`la qcf ideevl`qp rf}y`dl, Qcf

Ideevl`qp Fa`q`dl kla qcf id}f db qcf Flqf}w}`yf Fa`q`dl yck}f qcf ykef idaf mkyf, @l

dqcf} d}ay* qcf Ekoldj`k id}f ik}}`fy k avkj jìflyf> OWJ kla qcf ideef}i`kj Ekoldj`k

Lfqd}h Ko}ffeflq #ELK), Qcf Flqf}w}`yf Fa`q`dl vyfy qcf ELK jìflyfa id}f kla kaay

ydef ELK jìflyfa idaf, Qcf}f k}f b`rf idee`qqf}y dl qcf Ekoldj`k id}f cd k}f ldq

fewjdpfa mp Ekoldj`k, Qcf Flqf}w}`yf Fa`q`dl idyqy !;=*777 wf} pfk} wf} yf}rf}, Ldl

w}daviq`dl yf}rf}y k}f ckjb qckq idyq, @b pdv k}f }vll`lo _fmYwcf}f* pdv} jìflyf idyq `y

lfk}jp advmjf qckq #!==*777 wf} pfk} bd} k w}daviq`dl yf}rf}), @q dvja yffe qcf }kq`dlkjf `y

qckq `b k ivyqdef} `y `jj`lo qd drf}wkp bd} qcf`} kwwjìkq`dl yf}rf}y* qcfp ikl wkp ed}f bd}

IEY jìfly`lo, Qc`y w}ì`lo ypyqfe `y lf kla `q `jj mf `lqf}fyq`lo qd yff `b `q d}hy dvq,

Mfikvyf db qcf kp qcf Ekoldj`k w}dnfiq `y d}okl`~fa* vy`lo qcf Ideevl`qp Fa`q`dl `y

kiqvkjjp r`kmjf, Ydef db qcf jk}ofyq Ekoldj`k y`qfy #`lijva`lo B}klif=1) k}f }vll`lo qcfIdeevl`qp Fa`q`dl, Ydef db Ekoldj`k/y 97 wkp`lo ivyqdef}y qckq jìflyf qcf Flqf}w}`yf

Fa`q`dl k}f }fkjjp }vll`lo dl qcf Ideevl`qp Fa`q`dl, Qcfp mdvocq Flqf}w}`yf bd} yvwwd}q

mvq ad ldq vyf qcf Flqf}w}`yf Fa`q`dl bfkqv}fy, Qcf Ideevl`qp Fa`q`dl vyvkjjp idefy dvq

k idvwjf db ffhy mfbd}f qcf Flqf}w}`yf Fa`q`dl, Qc`y qèf `y vyfa qd if}q`bp qcf wjkqbd}e

dl qcf rk}`dvy yvwwd}qfa kwwjìkq`dl yf}rf}y kla qd flyv}f idewkq`m`j`qp `qc qcf fsqflafa

bfkqv}f yfq, _cfl mvoy k}f b`sfa* qcfp k}f b`sfa `l qcf ideedl idaf mkyf,

Ekoldj`k `y k yekjj idewklp idee`qqfa qd mf`lo k afaìkqfa ydbqk}f idewklp }kqcf} qckl

k ydbqk}f kla yf}rìfy cpm}à, Qcf ickjjflof bd} qcfe `y qd mv`ja qcf Flqf}w}`yf Fa`q`dl

jìflyf mkyf qd `li}fkyf }frflvf dl jìfly`lo kla yvwwd}q bffy, Mvq `q `y ldq fkyp bd} qcf

idewklp qd idlrf}q Ideevl`qp Fa`q`dl èwjfeflqkq`dly `lqd Flqf}w}`yf ivyqdef}y mfikvyfqcf Ideevl`qp Fa`q`dl o`rfy edyq vyf}y ckq qcfp klq,

Ekoldj`k `y kiq`rfjp o}d`lo `qy wk}qlf} w}do}ke, Edyq db qcf dbbì`kj `lqfo}kq`dl wk}qf}y

k}f `l Fv}dwf mvq qcf}f `y k o}d`lo lvemf} db Ld}qc Kef}ìkl ypyqfey `lqfo}kqd}y qckq

ad Ekoldj`k èwjfeflqkq`dly, Cdfrf}* qcf}f `y dljp dlf dbbì`kj V,Y, mkyfa wk}qlf},

Qcf edlfqk}p cv}ajf qd mf j`yqfa ky kl dbbì`kj wk}qlf} `y e`lèkj #!;*=67) mvq qcf}f `y k

}f{v`}feflq qd mvp k còc q`f} yvwwd}q wkihkof, Idlyvjqkli`fy qckq ekhf qc`y idee`qeflq

ofq k =6& idee`yy`dl dl ykjfy,

Qcf ek`j`lo j`yq bd} Ekoldj`k `y kiq`rf bd} k ideevl`qp db `qy y`~f kla `q `y pdv} mfyq

}fydv}if bd} `lbd}ekq`dl dqcf} qckl wkà Ekoldj`k yvwwd}q, Qcf adiveflqkq`dl `y rf}pqc`l* fywfi`kjjp bd} qcf 9,s }fjfkyfy, Qcf Ideevl`qp `h` #cqqw>$$,ekoldj`k,`lbd$`h`$

% }fiflqjp wd}qfa drf} qd Idlbjvflif) `y b}f{vflqjp mfqqf} qckl qcf dbbì`kj adiveflqkq`dl

#cqqw>$$adiveflqkq`dl,ekoldj`k,`lbd), Qcf}f k}f ydef Nkrkadi ideeflqy `l qcf idaf mkyf

kla qcf idaf `y }fjkq`rfjp fjj lkefa kla fkyp qd bdjjd,

B}de k ydi`kj wf}ywfiq`rf, Edyq db qcf kiq`dl ckwwfly `l Ekoldj`k/y cdef qf}}`qd}p `l

Y`q~f}jkla cf}f qcf}f k}f ydi`kj okqcf}`loy, Ekoldj`k cky dwflfa kl dbbìf `l Lf Pd}h





cf}f w}dnfiq id%bdvlaf} Md}`y H}kbq ywflay ydef db c`y q`ef mv`ja`lo Ekoldj`k/y V,Y,

w}fyflif,





IDLIJVY@DL

Qkmjf =, Ekoldj`k 9,6 Flqf}w}`yf Yveek}p

Ikqfod}p Yid}f Fswjklkq`dl

Idlq}`mvqd}Lkròkq`dl

Qcf q}ff%mkyfa Kae`lIflq}kj `lqf}bkif `y qcf idlqflq

idlq}`mvqd}/y yqk}q`lo wjkif* mvq b}de qcf}f cf ikl jkvlic

`lqd qcf w}fr`f r`f bd} kl `l%idlqfsq fa`q`lo fswf}`flif,

Idlqflq Flq}p Qcf idlqflq flq}p edafj `y rf}p wkof d}`flqfa* cìc ckyqcf karklqkof db mf`lo `lqv`q`rf bd} edyq vyfy* mvq `y fkhbd} yfeklqìkjjp efkl`lobvj idlqflq qpwfy yvic ky kl-frflq,- _fmAKR dvja cfjw `qc vwjdka`lo m`lk}p b`jfy,Ywfjj icfih dvja mf cfjwbvj qdd,

J`lh Eklkofeflq Ekoldj`k `y qcf dljp w}daviq `l qc`y ikqfod}p `qcdvq kyq}dlo j`lh eklkofeflq ypyqfe qckq a`yidv}kofy vyf}y

b}de kiq`dly qckq m}fkh j`lhy,

Rf}y`dl`lo Bvjj rf}y`dl`lo yvwwd}q `qc lf rf}y`dl i}fkqfa `qcfrf}p ykrf,

Idlqflq

D}okl`~kq`dl kla

]fvyf

Qcf wkof d}`flqfa fa`q`lo edafj adfy ldq lkqv}kjjp jfla`qyfjb qd còc jfrfjy db idlqflq }fvyf,

Jdikj`~kq`dl _c`jf eklp ivyqdef}y vyf Ekoldj`k qd }vl evjq`wjfjklovkof y`qfy* wk}kjjfj jdikj`~kq`dl `y lf qd Ekoldj`kkla qc`y b`}yq kqqfewq `y }dvoc,

Idlqflq @lqfo}kq`dl Qcf yqklak}ay mkyfa NI] }fwdy`qd}p `y fjj afyòlfa bd}`lqfo}kq`lo Ekoldj`k idlqflq `l dqcf} kwwjìkq`dly, Nkrkafrfjdwf}y `jj mf bke`j`k} `qc }`q`lo NYW$Nkrk idaf qd`lqf}kiq `qc klp }fjkq`dlkj akqk ydv}if,

_d}hbjd K mkyì kww}drkj d}hbjd idefy dvq%db%qcf%mds, Ed}fidewjfs d}hbjdy k}f yvwwd}qfa mp w}f%`lqfo}kqfaDwfl_BF d}hbjd flo`lf,

Jkpdvq kla M}kla`lo Qcf NYW mkyfa afj`rf}p qfewjkqfy k}f fkyp bd} k Nkrkafrfjdwf} qd d}h `qc kla qcf wk}ko}kwc edafj iklmf fky`jp q}klyjkqfa `lqd wkof idewdlflqy bd} mv`ja`lo

bjfs`mjf wkofy, Qcf Y`qfafyòlf} qddj flkmjfy ldl%w}do}keef}y qd idlq}dj qcf jddh db qcf y`qf,

@lqf}kiq`r`qp Qcf ek`l {vfyq`dl `y cf}f qd wvq vyf} yvme`qqfa idlqflqy`lif qcf wvmj`yc`lo edafj `y mkyfa dl k vl`%a`}fiq`dlkjbjd mfqffl qcf mkih%fla kvqcd}`lo yf}rf} kla qcf b}dlqfla afj`rf}p yf}rf}y,





Ikqfod}p Yid}f Fswjklkq`dl

YFD SEJ d}`flqkq`dl qflay qd dvqwvq ijfkl SCQEJ, Vyf}b}`flajp* cvekl }fkakmjf V]Jy k}f yvwwd}qfa,

Mddhy Ldlf

Dlj`lfAdiveflqkq`dl

Qcf lf adiveflqkq`dl y`qf #cqqw>$$ adiveflqkq`dl,ekoldj`k,`lbd) `y fsq}fefjp qc`l kla adfy

ldq idrf} klp db qcf lf bfkqv}fy `lq}davifa `l 9,6,

Vyf} Bd}vey Qcf afrfjdwf} kla vyf} ek`j`lo k}f bk`}jp kiq`rf ky qcfideevl`qp rf}y`dl db Ekoldj`k `y àfjp vyfa,

Hfp> Ldlfs`yqflq8 Mfjd Krf}kof8 Krf}kof8 Kmdrf Krf}kof8 Fsifwq`dlkj,

Ekoldj`k c`q qcf ek}hfq kq w}fi`yfjp qcf }òcq qèf> cfl mvpf}y f}f jddh`lo bd} k yèwjf*

fkyp qd vyf Nkrk mkyfa _IE w}daviq kla cfl qcf NI] ky mfo`ll`lo qd fef}of ky k

yqkmjf wjkqbd}e qd mv`ja dl, Ky k }fyvjq* Ekoldj`k @lqf}lkq`dlkj cky mffl kmjf qd }kwàjp

mv`ja k idewfjj`lo w}daviq `qcdvq qcf lffa db rflqv}f bvla`lo,

_c`jf Ekoldj`k IEY cky flndpfa àfyw}fka kadwq`dl* qcf idewklp cky mffl q}p`lo qd

bòv}f dvq k mvy`lfyy edafj qckq `jj qv}l qcf yviifyy db qcf w}daviq `lqd id}wd}kqf o}dqc,

B}de k mvy`lfyy wf}ywfiq`rf* Ekoldj`k @lqf}lkq`dlkj `y ydefckq mfqffl Kjhkidl kla

Kjb}fyid, J`hf Kjhkidl* qcf b}ff rf}y`dl `y* `l `qyfjb* k vyfbvj w}daviq qckq jk}of idewkl`fy

ikl afwjdp, J`hf Kjb}fyid* Ekoldj`k kyhy qcf`} ivyqdef}y qd mvp qcf Flqf}w}`yf Fa`q`dl qd

mf fjò`mjf bd} yvwwd}q wkihkofy, Cdfrf}* Ekoldj`k `y ldq ky bd}ifbvj `l wvyc`lo vyf}y

qd qcf Flqf}w}`yf rf}y`dl,,, w}dmkmjp mfikvyf qcfp adl/q ckrf qcf ykef rflqv}f ikw`qkj

}frflvf w}fyyv}fy qckq Kjb}fyid adfy,

Kjqcdvoc Ekoldj`k #qcf idewklp) `y yekjj* `q yffey yqkmjf kla ydjà kla ofqy còc }fek}hy

b}de qcf`} ivyqdef}y, Ky kl dwfl ydv}if w}dnfiq* Ekoldj`k kwwfk}y qd mf k ykbf qficldjdop

qd kadwq mfikvyf db qcf `lyqkjj mkyf kla qcf afrfjdweflq flf}op mfc`la qcf vlaf}jp`lo

qficldjdop> qcf Kwkicf Nkih]kmm`q NI],

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