open source in further education
DESCRIPTION
The 2008 national survey by OSS Watch showed that open source is becoming more popular in both the Higher and Further Education sectors in the UK. In this presentation Ross Gardler presents some highlights from the survey and illustrates some of the main trends and concerns within the Further Education sector.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Copyright © 2009 University of Oxford. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0
Open source softwarein Further Education
in the UK
Ross [email protected]
http://www.oss-watch.ac.uk
![Page 2: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Table of contents● OSS Watch
● Open source software
● Why should you care?
● State of OSS in UK FE
● Conclusions and references
![Page 3: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
OSS Watch
![Page 4: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
We are...● National innovation centre supporting open
source in Further Education (FE) and Higher Education (HE)
● Free of charge for FE and HE
● JISC-funded since 2003 (4th period of funding)
● Who: Ross Gardler, 5 staff, 4 contractors
● Where: Oxford University Computing Services
![Page 5: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
What we do● Advice on all things open
– Procurement, engagement, development, legal
● Services– Consultancy, events, presentations, community
● Publications
– Briefing notes, surveys, case studies, slideshttp://www.oss-watch.ac.uk/resources/
![Page 6: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
What we don't do● Advocacy
● Lawyer-like legal advice
● Teach programming
● Develop software for others
● Recommend specific software
![Page 7: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Open source software
![Page 8: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
It starts with a licence● Software released under an OSI approved
licence
● In practice, approx. same as free software (FSF)
![Page 9: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Open source definition● Free redistribution
● Source code
● Derived works
● Integrity of the author's work
● No discrimination against persons or groups
● etc. http://www.opensource.org/docs/definition.php
![Page 10: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
But it's much more than a licence
● “The real value of open source software is that it allows communities to work together and solve problems” [7] I. Wladawsky-Berger, IBM
● Sustainable communities
● Open formats and standards
● Open development
![Page 11: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
A project community
![Page 12: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Some myths (1)● Myth
– Anarchic projects managed by volunteers
● Facts– Linux Foundation board: Novell, Oracle, Fujitsu,
Intel, IBM, Hitachi, HP, AMD, NEC, Texas Instruments, Motorola
– Sun: 34+ projects. Mozilla: AOL, Google
– UK Open source consortium: 56 members
![Page 13: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Some myths (2)● Myth
– Free (as in free beer)
● Facts– Costs: staff, support, training...
– 50% companies deploying more than 25 open source products, > 20% savings in IT budget [1] InfoWorld
– 1% companies costs went up [1]
![Page 14: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Some myths (3)● Myth
– You can't generate income from OSS
● Facts– Worldwide revenue $1.8bn in 2006 rising to
$5.8bn in 2011 [5] IDC report
![Page 15: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Some myths (4)● Myth
– You have to engage with the project if you use open source
● Facts– You can outsource all support and development
services if you want to
![Page 16: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
OSS always right? (1)● No
– Consider open source alongside closed source and make an informed decision
● Some key pitfalls with open source– You need the right person or company to
administer and support it
– Open source projects sometimes lack support mechanisms and/or resources (docs, communities, etc.)
![Page 17: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
OSS always right? (2)● Sometimes open source is just a marketing
tool– Crippled open source version, all features in
closed source version
– Closed development methodology
![Page 18: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Why should you care?
![Page 19: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Official guidelines● UK Government will consider OSS solutions alongside
proprietary ones in IT procurements. Contracts will be awarded on a value for money basis [2]
● The [EC] will consider OSS solutions the same way as proprietary ones in IT procurements. Contracts will be awarded on a value for money basis [3]
● JISC-funded projects must not discriminate between open source and closed source software, unless the purpose of the projects or services specifically requires it [4]
![Page 20: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Market reality● “Open source is the most significant all-
encompassing and long-term trend that the software industry has seen since the early 1980s” [5] IDC report
● "By 2012, more than 90 percent of enterprises will use open source in direct or embedded forms" [6] Gartner report
![Page 21: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Your needs?● Flexibility
● Interoperability– Do you consider this to be “single-vendor”?
● Avoidance of lock-in
● Viable alternatives
● More potential for students to learn software
![Page 22: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
State of OSS in UK FE
![Page 23: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
National survey 2008● ICT Directors from
– 454 FE/FE+HE institutions
– 161 HE institutions
● 19% response rate
![Page 24: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Limited resources in FE● Typical FE ICT departments employ between
7 and 10 staff
● 7 times larger in HE
● FE staff lower technical qualifications on average
● Traditionally, FE less open source friendly than HE, but now you are catching up
![Page 25: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Policy vs. practice
● Policy– In 2006, 30% institutions mentioned open source
– In 2008, 57%
– Staff contributions regulated in only 14%
● Practice– In 2006, 77% considered open source
– In 2008, 87% (but only 15% equally to closed source!)
![Page 26: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Servers increasingly open● All or almost all closed source
– Reducing from 56% (2006) to 40% (2008)
● Mostly closed source– Increasing from 20% (2006) to 44% (2008)
● Half open and half closed source– Increasing from 3% (2008) to 11% (future)
● Similar trend on desktops
![Page 27: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Criteria for procurement in FE
● Top criteria– Performance, interoperability with other products,
familiarity and TCO (servers)
– Performance and avoid lock-ins, TCO (desktops)
● Bottom criteria– Ideological reasons and migration costs (servers)
– Migration costs and legal issues (desktops)
![Page 28: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Reasons to reject OSS given by FE
● Top reasons on servers
– Lack of staff expertise and support
– Poor quality● Top reasons on desktops
– Not what users want
– Lack of staff expertise
– No solution for our need
– Lack of support
![Page 29: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Conclusions and references
![Page 30: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
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Conclusions● OSS Watch is here to help you [email protected]
● Open source starts with a licence, but works thanks to the community and development practices
● Volunteers, small and big businesses... but are they reaching FE?
● Trend is clearly towards more open source
![Page 31: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
References (1)● [1] InfoWorld. Open Source Management: Trends, Requirements and
Future Needs for the Open Source Enterprise. White paper. Downloaded 28 Oct 2008.http://www.infoworld.com/pdf/whitepaper/InfoWorld_Open_Source_Management.pdf
● [2] e-Government Unit, Cabinet Office. Open source software, Use within UK Government. Version 2. 28 Oct 2004.http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/documents/oss_policy_version2.pdf
● [3] S. Kallas. Answer given by Mr Kallas on behalf of the Commission. Parliamentary Questions. 17 Sep 2008.http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getAllAnswers.do?reference=E-2008-3622&language=EN
![Page 32: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
References (2)● [4] JISC. Policy on open source software for JISC projects and services.
Last revision 24 Jan 2005.http://www.jisc.ac.uk/about_opensourcepolicy.html
● [5] A.C. Picardi et al. Open Source in Global Software: Market Impact, Disruption, and Business Models. IDC report. Jul 2006.http://www.idc.com/research/viewtoc.jsp?containerId=202511
● [6] Y.V. Natis et al. The State of Open Source, 2008. Gartner Report. Apr 2008.http://www.gartner.com/DisplayDocument?id=638643
● [7] I. Wladawsky-Berger, Head of IBM's e-Business on demand initiative. Keynote address at OSBC 2005.http://itc.conversationsnetwork.org/shows/detail495.html
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29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
1
Copyright © 2009 University of Oxford. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0
Open source softwarein Further Education
in the UK
Ross [email protected]
http://www.oss-watch.ac.uk
![Page 34: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
2
Table of contents● OSS Watch
● Open source software
● Why should you care?
● State of OSS in UK FE
● Conclusions and references
![Page 35: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
3
OSS Watch
![Page 36: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
4
We are...● National innovation centre supporting open
source in Further Education (FE) and Higher Education (HE)
● Free of charge for FE and HE
● JISC-funded since 2003 (4th period of funding)
● Who: Ross Gardler, 5 staff, 4 contractors
● Where: Oxford University Computing Services
![Page 37: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
5
What we do● Advice on all things open
– Procurement, engagement, development, legal
● Services– Consultancy, events, presentations, community
● Publications
– Briefing notes, surveys, case studies, slideshttp://www.oss-watch.ac.uk/resources/
![Page 38: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
6
What we don't do● Advocacy
● Lawyer-like legal advice
● Teach programming
● Develop software for others
● Recommend specific software
![Page 39: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
7
Open source software
![Page 40: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
8
It starts with a licence● Software released under an OSI approved
licence
● In practice, approx. same as free software (FSF)
![Page 41: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
9
Open source definition● Free redistribution
● Source code
● Derived works
● Integrity of the author's work
● No discrimination against persons or groups
● etc. http://www.opensource.org/docs/definition.php
![Page 42: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
10
But it's much more than a licence
● “The real value of open source software is that it allows communities to work together and solve problems” [7] I. Wladawsky-Berger, IBM
● Sustainable communities
● Open formats and standards
● Open development
![Page 43: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
11
A project community
![Page 44: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
12
Some myths (1)● Myth
– Anarchic projects managed by volunteers
● Facts– Linux Foundation board: Novell, Oracle, Fujitsu,
Intel, IBM, Hitachi, HP, AMD, NEC, Texas Instruments, Motorola
– Sun: 34+ projects. Mozilla: AOL, Google
– UK Open source consortium: 56 members
![Page 45: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
13
Some myths (2)● Myth
– Free (as in free beer)
● Facts– Costs: staff, support, training...
– 50% companies deploying more than 25 open source products, > 20% savings in IT budget [1] InfoWorld
– 1% companies costs went up [1]
![Page 46: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
14
Some myths (3)● Myth
– You can't generate income from OSS
● Facts– Worldwide revenue $1.8bn in 2006 rising to
$5.8bn in 2011 [5] IDC report
![Page 47: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
15
Some myths (4)● Myth
– You have to engage with the project if you use open source
● Facts– You can outsource all support and development
services if you want to
![Page 48: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
16
OSS always right? (1)● No
– Consider open source alongside closed source and make an informed decision
● Some key pitfalls with open source– You need the right person or company to
administer and support it
– Open source projects sometimes lack support mechanisms and/or resources (docs, communities, etc.)
![Page 49: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
17
OSS always right? (2)● Sometimes open source is just a marketing
tool– Crippled open source version, all features in
closed source version
– Closed development methodology
![Page 50: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
18
Why should you care?
![Page 51: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
19
Official guidelines● UK Government will consider OSS solutions alongside
proprietary ones in IT procurements. Contracts will be awarded on a value for money basis [2]
● The [EC] will consider OSS solutions the same way as proprietary ones in IT procurements. Contracts will be awarded on a value for money basis [3]
● JISC-funded projects must not discriminate between open source and closed source software, unless the purpose of the projects or services specifically requires it [4]
![Page 52: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
20
Market reality● “Open source is the most significant all-
encompassing and long-term trend that the software industry has seen since the early 1980s” [5] IDC report
● "By 2012, more than 90 percent of enterprises will use open source in direct or embedded forms" [6] Gartner report
![Page 53: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
21
Your needs?● Flexibility
● Interoperability– Do you consider this to be “single-vendor”?
● Avoidance of lock-in
● Viable alternatives
● More potential for students to learn software
![Page 54: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
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State of OSS in UK FE
![Page 55: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
23
National survey 2008● ICT Directors from
– 454 FE/FE+HE institutions
– 161 HE institutions
● 19% response rate
![Page 56: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
24
Limited resources in FE● Typical FE ICT departments employ between
7 and 10 staff
● 7 times larger in HE
● FE staff lower technical qualifications on average
● Traditionally, FE less open source friendly than HE, but now you are catching up
![Page 57: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
25
Policy vs. practice
● Policy– In 2006, 30% institutions mentioned open source
– In 2008, 57%
– Staff contributions regulated in only 14%
● Practice– In 2006, 77% considered open source
– In 2008, 87% (but only 15% equally to closed source!)
![Page 58: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
26
Servers increasingly open● All or almost all closed source
– Reducing from 56% (2006) to 40% (2008)
● Mostly closed source– Increasing from 20% (2006) to 44% (2008)
● Half open and half closed source– Increasing from 3% (2008) to 11% (future)
● Similar trend on desktops
![Page 59: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
27
Criteria for procurement in FE
● Top criteria– Performance, interoperability with other products,
familiarity and TCO (servers)
– Performance and avoid lock-ins, TCO (desktops)
● Bottom criteria– Ideological reasons and migration costs (servers)
– Migration costs and legal issues (desktops)
![Page 60: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
28
Reasons to reject OSS given by FE
● Top reasons on servers
– Lack of staff expertise and support
– Poor quality● Top reasons on desktops
– Not what users want
– Lack of staff expertise
– No solution for our need
– Lack of support
![Page 61: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
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Conclusions and references
![Page 62: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
30
Conclusions● OSS Watch is here to help you [email protected]
● Open source starts with a licence, but works thanks to the community and development practices
● Volunteers, small and big businesses... but are they reaching FE?
● Trend is clearly towards more open source
![Page 63: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
31
References (1)● [1] InfoWorld. Open Source Management: Trends, Requirements and
Future Needs for the Open Source Enterprise. White paper. Downloaded 28 Oct 2008.http://www.infoworld.com/pdf/whitepaper/InfoWorld_Open_Source_Management.pdf
● [2] e-Government Unit, Cabinet Office. Open source software, Use within UK Government. Version 2. 28 Oct 2004.http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/documents/oss_policy_version2.pdf
● [3] S. Kallas. Answer given by Mr Kallas on behalf of the Commission. Parliamentary Questions. 17 Sep 2008.http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getAllAnswers.do?reference=E-2008-3622&language=EN
![Page 64: Open Source in Further Education](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051609/54720b17b4af9fa30a8b4dee/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
29 Oct 2008 OSS in UK FE
32
References (2)● [4] JISC. Policy on open source software for JISC projects and services.
Last revision 24 Jan 2005.http://www.jisc.ac.uk/about_opensourcepolicy.html
● [5] A.C. Picardi et al. Open Source in Global Software: Market Impact, Disruption, and Business Models. IDC report. Jul 2006.http://www.idc.com/research/viewtoc.jsp?containerId=202511
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● [7] I. Wladawsky-Berger, Head of IBM's e-Business on demand initiative. Keynote address at OSBC 2005.http://itc.conversationsnetwork.org/shows/detail495.html