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1.0 INTRODUCTION:

-Meaning of Open Source Software

Open source software (OSS) began as a marketing campaign for free software. OSS can be

defined as computer software for which the human-readable source code is made available under 

a copyright license (or arrangement such as the public domain) Open source software is usually

developed as a public collaboration and made freely available.

This permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or 

unmodified form. It is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open source

software is the most prominent example of open source development and often compared to user 

generated content.

Open source hardware refers to computer and electronic hardware that is designed in the

same fashion as free and open source software (FOSS). Open source hardware is part of 

the open source culture that takes the open source ideas to fields other than software.

The term has primarily been used to reflect the free release of information about the hardware

design, such as schematics, bill of materials and PCB layout data, often with the use of FOSS to

drive the hardware.

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2.0 THE LATEST OPEN SOURCE

OPERATING SISTEM(OS)

2.1) Meaning of open source OS 

An open source (OS) operating system is a set of programs that schedule tasks, allocates storage

and presents a default interface to the user between applications. But this OS is free, user have

the right to use, modify and redistribute the software for better interoperability.

2.2) EXAMPLE NO.1

DreamLinux 5

DreamLinux is a distribution that is based on Debian “Wheezy” and using the latest desktop

version of XFCE 4.8 on a Linux 3.1 Kernel.

DreamLinux has just released this latest version on January 2012 after a long absence and we

will see if it can make up for lost time.

When you’ve created a bootable LiveDVD of DreamLinux, you are greated by a Mac OS X style

desktop with which most of the software packages you have installed are there for you on the

kicker bar by default, or you can, still use the menu on the top left side of the screen and access

the program you want from there.

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EXAMPLE NO.2 

Ubuntu 12.04

Ubuntu 12.04 release on 5 february 2012, code-named "Precise Pangolin", the Ubuntu

developers have released the latest version of the popular Linux distribution to their users. The

six-monthly Ubuntu release cycle is organised so that every two years, a version is labelled as

a Long Term Support release and 12.04 is the latest of these. LTS versions were historically

supported for three years on the desktop and five years on the server side, but with Precise, this

has been changed to five years of support for both editions. The character of an LTS release

implies a focus on stability and polish, as it has to be supported for a long time, and with five

years of planned support for the desktop version, the Ubuntu developer community has set itself a big task to fulfill. This is reflected in the changes that have been included in the newest

version: new features are mostly concerned with polishing the user interface and making the

underlying technologies more stable.

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3.0 The latest Open source application software 

3.1) Meaning of Open source application software

Application software is a defined subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of 

a computer directly to a task that the user wishes to perform. This should be contrasted with

system software which is involved in integrating a computer's various capabilities, but typically

does not directly apply them in the performance of tasks that benefit the user. The term

application refers to both the application software and its implementation.

3.2)EXAMPLE NO.1

-Mozilla Firefox (see http://www.mozilla.org/firefox/): a web client program (for viewing and

hearing web pages) available for Windows and Mac as well as Linux and other UNIX systems.

EXAMPLE NO.2

-OpenOffice (see http://www.openoffice.org/): an office application set (for word processing,

spreadsheet manipulation, picture drawing and data base access) compatible with all other major 

office application sets such as Office and available for Windows and Mac as well as Linux and

other UNIX systems.

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4.0 The latest development in ICT

4.1) Hardware (Compare)

a) Canon Pixma MX360 (Latest)

-The Canon Pixma MX360 was first

introduced by Canon in January during CES

2012. It is an entry level model designed for 

small office/home office use, alongside the

Pixma MX410. We have already reviewed the

leading flagship inkjet out of the bunch,

the Pixma MX882, and the inkjet that is one

step down from it, the Pixma MX420. Now we

will take a look at the MX360. This four-in-

one can print, scan, copy, and fax and connects

to a computer via HighSpeed USB 2.0 (note

that the MX410 has wireless connectivity). It

has an automatic document feeder that can fit

up to 30 sheets and a 100-sheet rear feed tray.

 b) Canon Pixma MP280 (Previous)

-The Canon Pixma MP280 is an entry level all-

in-one printer, scanner, and copier with

enhanced photo printing capabilities. It was the

 budget-friendly model out of its line of eight

 photo printers released by Canon in 2010.

Taking on the new Pixma photo printer look, it

features a simple glossy black design with

silver accents just like the previously reviewed

sister product, the Canon Pixma

MP495. Canon has included Full HD Movie

Print and photo editing software, as well as the

Easy Photo Print app for Android smartphones

in the package.Moreover, this photo all-in-one

offers high color resolution color photo

capabilities with a maximum of 4800 x 1200

dpi and is Energy Star certified.

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4.2) Software (Compare)

a)  Adobe Photoshop cs6 (Latest)

-Adobe photoshop cs6 was released on 23

april 2012:

Added new features

- The Bottom Line, Since Creative Suite 3,

Photoshop comes in a Standard version as

well as an Extended version with specialized

tools and features for the video, engineering,

architecture, manufacturing, science, and

medical fields.

- Pros, ultimate flexibility and more non-

destructive editing and time-saving tools with

each update.

- Cons, hotoshop CS6 marks the end of 

support for 32-bit Macintosh systems.

 b)  Adobe Photoshop cs5 (Previous)

- Adobe photoshop cs5 was released on

26 january 2010:

Features

- Smart Radius, The Smart Radius feature

easily creates accurate selections of fine and

detailed components.

- Content-Aware Fill, Clean removal of 

unwanted photo elements - Easily remove

any image component, person or object.

-Mini Bridge, it displays as a panelized

version of Bridge.

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5.Pervasive Computing

5.1) Meaning of Pervasive Computing.

Pervasive computing is the trend towards increasingly ubiquitous (another name for the

movement is ubiquitous computing), connected computing devices in the environment, a

trend being brought about by a convergence of advanced electronic - and particularly,

wireless - technologies and the Internet. Pervasive computing devices are not personal

computers as we tend to think of them, but very tiny - even invisible - devices, either mobile

or embedded in almost any type of object imaginable, including cars, tools, appliances,

clothing and various consumer goods - all communicating through increasingly

interconnected networks.

EXAMPLE NO.1

Smartphone 

A smartphone is a mobile phone offering advanced capabilities, often with PC-like

functionality. There is no industry standard definition of a smartphone. For some, a smartphone

is a phone that runs complete operating system software providing a standardized interface and

 platform for application developers. For others, a smartphone is simply a phone with advanced

features like e-mail, Internet and e-book reader capabilities, and/or a built-in full keyboard or 

external USB keyboard and VGA connector. In other words, it is a miniature computer that has

 phone capability 

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EXAMPLE NO.2

Smart TV 

An Internet-enabled TV set with advanced functions such as being able to update its own

electronic program guide (EPG), record programs (DVR capability) and provide interactive

access to the Web for movie content as well as Web surfing.

A smart TV may also be able to execute downloaded applications. For example, Samsung's

Internet@TV is a feature upgrade for certain TV and Blu-ray player models that lets viewers

download and run apps.

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CONCLUSION

Most of the open source software is licensed under what is often termed a "copyleft"

license[citation needed], a term which emphasizes the license's reversal of the principles of 

copyright. A traditional license is used to limit freedoms, which the free software movement

considers essential, the "four software freedoms",taking them away from the users either 

completely ("you may not distribute the software") or partially ("you can use the software for an

evaluation period of 30 days; after that you must either pay a license registration fee or 

discontinue the software").

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REFERENCES

  searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci759337,00.html

  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_software

  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_software