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Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Round Table on the Role of UNESCO in the Construction of Knowledge Societies through the UNITWINUNESCO
Chairs Programme
18 November 2005
Salle Saint-Augustin - Kram Exhibition
Open knowledge – open innovation - A challenge to the commercialization of knowledge and information and to
the ethical foundation of the information society
Rainer Kuhlen UNESCO Chair in Communications
University of Konstanz, Germany Department of Computer and Information Science
URL: www.kuhlen.name; email: [email protected]
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
UNESCO Chairs in Communication in the West
Europe and North America region
Jan Annerstedt - Professor in the Copenhagen Business School
Rosental Calmon Alves - both Knight Chair in Journalism and UNESCO Chair in Communication
Jean-Paul Lafrance - “Chaire UNESCO-Bell en communication et développement international” of the University of Québec at Montréal (UQAM)
Antonio Sànchez-Bravo - Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Claudine Carluer - University Stendhal-Grenoble
Manuel Parés I Maicas - professor at the Institute for Communication of the Autonomous University of Barcelona
Rainer Kuhlen – Professor for Information at the University Konstanz
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Creative Commons – Science Commons
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Who owns knowledge?
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Who owns knowledge?
10. We recognise that access to information and sharing and creation of knowledge
contributes significantly to strengthening economic, social and cultural
development, thus helping all countries to reach the internationally-agreed development goals and objectives, including the Millennium
Development Goals.
Tunis Commitment Document WSIS-05/TUNIS/DOC/7 -E 15.11.2005
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Potentials and opportunities for
development
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
balances
economic social political individual cultural
Knowledge and information are potentials for development
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
98. To strengthen the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights, additional approaches should be examined, such as a system of
indicators to measure progress in the realization of the rights set forth in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. There
must be a concerted effort to ensure recognition of economic, social and cultural rights at the national, regional and international levels.
VIENNA DECLARATION AND PROGRAMME OF ACTION
WORLD CONFERENCE ON HUMAN RIGHTSVienna, 14-25 June 1993
Knowledge and information are potentials for development
economic social political individual cultural
balances
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
balances for development have been drastically shifted towards the economic interest in exploitation
economic social political individual cultural
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
balances for development have been drastically shifted towards the economic interest in exploitation
Tunis commitment
econom* 10 times
cultural 7 times
social 5 times
individual 2 times
polit 0 (government 11 times – civil society 4 times)
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Some alarming tendencies/deficits in higher
education with respect to information and
communication competence
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Googlerization of higher
education
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
some alarming tendencies/deficits in higher education with respect to
information and communication competence
Googlerization of higher education and deficits in information and communication competence
Most students in higher education increasingly rely on search results which they obtain from international commercial search engines (mainly Google) without being able to evaluate the quality of these search engines or of their ranking algorithms
and without having the competence to evaluate the results of the search presented to them according to criteria such as
correctness/truthworthiness and relevance.
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
some alarming tendencies/deficits in higher education with respect to information and communication
competence
Students (and university teachers/researchers increasingly as well)
tend to neglect
(be it due to convenience or ignorance or incompetence or
lack of financial resources)
traditional (reliable, peer-reviewed) resources of knowledge and
information which are provided by professional information
services, such as global domain-specific online-data bases,
virtual libraries, e-science portals
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
some alarming tendencies/deficits in higher education with respect to information and communication
competence
Consequences
UNESCO Chairs in communication, in their field of competence, need to
strengthen information and communication competence (information
literacy) by developing and offering pertinent courses in their environment
by raising public and political awareness for the importance of information
literacy in addition to general computer literacy.
Information and communication literacy is more than
computer literacy.
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
some alarming tendencies/deficits in higher education with respect to information and communication
competence
Consequences
training programs for information and communication
competence should be developed cooperatively by UNESCO
Chairs in Communications and exchanged electronically –
supported by ORBICOM
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Commercialization of knowledge and information
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Commercialization of knowledge and information
The increasing commercialization of knowledge and
information in education and science has a negative
effect on access to information and on the
availability of knowledge, which is indispensable for
education and growth of science and, consequently, for
innovation in economy.
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Commercialization of knowledge and information
In addition, the enforcement of copyright
regulations (in Europe and North America in the last 20
years),
which heavily supports the commercial exploitation of
knowledge and information (not necessarliy creators´ rights),
makes it more and more difficult to freely access the
world-wide information resources in principle available on
the world-wide information markets.
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Commercialization of knowledge and information
IPR no longer a means of innovation or of protection
of individal rights, but a means of exploitation and
of impediment for development
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Commercialization of knowledge and information
Consequences
UNESCO Chairs in Communication,
although well aware that modern societies are highly dependent
on an innovative and productive information and knowledge
industry,
should strongly support all efforts which aim at strengthening free
access to knowledge and information in education and science
(and with “free” I really mean “cost free”
as in “free beer”).
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Commercialization of knowledge and information
Consequences
In particular the UNESCO Chairs in Communciation should
support activities in the broader paradigm of open access.
Open access – access to (scientific) information in this
paradigm is actually free (again - free of any costs for
users) – is an innovative counter model to the existing
and increasing monopoly of commercial exploitation of
knowledge and information.
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Open access is a prerequisite for communication
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Commercialization of knowledge and information
Consequences
Open access is a prerequisite for communication
and the right to communicate is the basic right in science and
education
as well as a
prerequisite for individual social, cultural, political develoment
Open access –an innovative counter model
Communication (let alone right to communicate) does not occur in the Tunis Commitment nor in the Tunis Agenda (only 2 times in connection with
technology or infrastructure)
In this respect – Tunis has not been a
communication-friendly
environment
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Commercialization of knowledge and information
Consequences
Therefore
the communication and open access concept and
free licensing models (such as CC)
need to be supported world-wide by UNESCO Chairs in
Communication.
Open access is the prerequisite for communication
and the right to communcate is the basic right in science and
education
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Commercialization of knowledge and information
Consequences
Supporting all means of free access does not mean a “war” against
commercial information markets.
In knowledge societies, free and open access cannot be in opposition
to commercial interests in the exploitation of knowledge and information.
In the contrary:
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Commercialization of knowledge and information
Consequences
the more open and free access to knowledge and information in
education and science is, the higher the chances for innovation in
industry and commerce.
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Conclusion
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
conclusion
Main contradiction in contemporary societies
Knowledge and Information as public
goods (as commons) could be totally
freely accessible and usable for
everyone as it never has been in the
history of mankind
In reality access to knowledge and information
(as private goods) has been so complicated
and restricted, has never been subject to
filtering, blocking and control and has never
been distributed unequally as
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
conclusion
Paradigm shift need
As long as free access and free use are
considered annoying exceptions from
the exclusive right to exploit knowledge
and information, there will be no free and
open knowledge societies
By the way, intellectual property rights, no to
mention the challenge to reformulate the
property concepts for k & i is neither mentioned
in the Tunis Commitment nor in the
Tunis Agenda – forgotten or on
purpose?
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
conclusion
Paradigm shift need
Knowledge societies should
reformulate the old three-step-
test – the iron rule of
commercialized information
societies
free use of k& i only as an exception
free use of k & i must not hamper normal commercial exploitation
free use of k & i must not hamper unreasonably creators´rights
Commercially exploiting use of k & i
only as an exceptionCommercially exploiting use of k & i
must not hamper free use of k & i Free use of k & i must not hamper
unreasonably creators´rights
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
conclusion
There is still a lot to do for UNESCO Chairs in
Communications to accelerate the progress towards
knowledge societies
Open knowledge – open innovation
Rainer Kuhlen – Open knowledge – open onnovation - UNESCO Round Table – Role of UNESCO Chairs
This file will be publisher und der following Creative-Commons-License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
Thank you for your attention
Slides (under CC licence): http://www.kuhlen/name