open education, oer and the african context
DESCRIPTION
Programme, looking at open education, OER, what this means in an African context and what we have accomplished at Siyavula within South Africa.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
OPEN education?
Let's get your initial
ideas!
![Page 3: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why open education matters
Link to video: http://vimeo.com/43401199
![Page 4: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
“a collective term to describe institutional
practices and programmatic initiatives that
broaden access to the learning and training
traditionally offered through formal
education systems”
![Page 5: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
“open” in open education = elimination of barriers
What barriers?
● High cost
● Access to resources
● Distance to institutions
● Restrictive copyright laws
● Incompatible technology
● Academic admission requirements
● Accreditation
![Page 6: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
When and how did it all start?
Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
“Everyone has the right to education .
Education shall be free, at least in the
elementary and fundamental stages”
(United Nations, 1948, Art. 26, para. 1)
![Page 7: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
A bit of history...
On the role of openness in education: A historical reconstruction (CC-BY)
![Page 8: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A bit of history...
On the role of openness in education: A historical reconstruction (CC-BY)
GlobalOpen
Education movement
![Page 9: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Take home message
Openness in education is not a new idea,
fundamentally, education is a human
right.
And looking at the historical development
“shows us not only a technological, but
also a social, cultural and economic
phenomenon.”
On the role of openness in education: A historical reconstruction (CC-BY)
![Page 10: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Key players
Open Source Initiative (CC-BY)David Wiley (CC-BY)
David Wiley
1998: “Open Content”
A creative work freely available for modification, use and redistribution under a license similar to those used by the Open Source / Free Software
community
The 4Rs:
Reuse
Remix
Revise
Redistribute
![Page 11: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Key players
Richard Baranuik
1999: Connexions
A global repository for educational content, provided by volunteers, available for remixing,
editing and download in various formats.
![Page 12: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Key players
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2001: MIT OpenCourseWare
MIT committed to putting all their content (lecture notes, syllabi, lecture videos) for all their courses
on the web, freely accessible to the public
![Page 13: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Open Educational Resources(OER)
"teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual
property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others. Open educational resources include full courses, course materials, modules, textbooks, streaming videos, tests, software,
and any other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge"
William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
![Page 14: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Key players
Larry Lessig
2001: Creative Commons
A non-profit organization that enables the sharing and use of creativity and knowledge through free
legal tools.
Lawrence Lessig (CC-BY)
![Page 15: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
A shared culture
Link to video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DKm96Ftfko
![Page 16: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Open licenses are a tool to enable sharing, legally
![Page 17: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
www.creativecommons.org
Closed Open
By attribution
No derivatives
Share-alike
Non-commercial
![Page 18: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
A global change
![Page 19: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
OER initiatives
![Page 20: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Enter the MOOC
Massive Open Online Course
2012: “The year of the MOOC”
www.mooc-list.com
![Page 21: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Enter the MOOC
MOOC poster (CC-BY)
![Page 22: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Benefits of open licenses and OER
OER are freely available for use by educators and learners,
without the need to pay royalties
Remember the 4 Rs?
Reuse
Remix
Revise
Redistribute
![Page 23: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Benefits of open licenses and OER
Let's brainstorm!
● We can't afford new textbooks for our school.
● I can't afford the textbook for my university course.
● Our textbooks are outdated.
● The resources we have do not suit our needs or context.
● Our textbooks do not align to our curriculum or standards.
● I want to share my notes with others in my community.
● We don't have additional resources for students to go beyond the lesson.
● I want to add in my own activities to existing resources but don't know how.
![Page 24: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Benefits of open licenses and OER
Grant freedoms instead of impose restrictions
Sharing is fundamental to teaching
Collaboration
![Page 25: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Open education and OER in Africa
CC-BY on Flickr CC-BY on Flickr
Parklands School gallery
Contexts abound and all are challenging
Every child deserves a chance
![Page 26: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Open education and OER in Africa
CC-BY on Flickr CC-BY on Flickr
Parklands School gallery
● Build capacity by providing educators free or low-cost access to tools, content and
communities of practice
● Reduce the cost of access to educational materials
● Adapt and develop materials relevant to African contexts and learners
![Page 27: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Open education and OER in Africa
Plays a leading role in supporting higher education institutions across Africa in the development and use of OER to enhance teaching and learning, covering teacher
education, agriculture and health.
The African Virtual University released 73 of its courses as OER in 2006, and has since
developed the OER@AVU repository to increase the number of Africans using and adapting OER.
An initiative which brings together teachers and teacher educators across sub-Saharan Africa,
offering a range of OER to support school based teacher education and training.
![Page 28: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
CommunityCommunity
Technology
Technology Ope
nnes
s
Ope
nnes
s
Siyavula – 'we are opening'
Siyavula is a social enterprise built on
community, openness and technology,
working to make high quality educational
resources available to every learner and
teacher in South Africa.
![Page 29: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
What we have done
![Page 31: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Technology enables and enriches
![Page 32: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Open everything...
Open processes - iterative, transparent and collaborative
Open copyright licenses - freedom to distribute, adapt and enhance
Open standards - formats that enable the freedoms
Opensource software - freedom distribute, adapt and enhance
![Page 33: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
National distribution in South Africa
~ 10 million books
![Page 34: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
CommunityCommunity
Technology
Technology Ope
nnes
s
Ope
nnes
s
Community - Volunteers
![Page 35: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Who?
Volunteers: Postgrad students:
Honours, Masters, PhD Lecturers and senior lecturers Educators People in industry
Provide a space for people to give back meaningfully to education in South Africa
![Page 36: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Why?
South Africa has many different contexts
Teachers are from different backgrounds that teach in different areas
Drawing on these experiences helps us ensure that our textbooks include aspects that are relevant to the different contexts
More eyes = fewer errors that slip through
![Page 37: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
How?
Recruitment
![Page 38: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
How?
Workshops
![Page 39: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
How?
Online proofreading
![Page 40: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
How?
Online translation and translation days
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Community - Recognition
![Page 42: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Challenges of OER?
Technology
Awareness
Sustainability
Open business models
![Page 43: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Let's remix!
![Page 44: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
www.creativecommons.org
Closed Open
By attribution
No derivatives
Share-alike
Non-commercial
![Page 45: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
By attribution
No derivatives
Share-alike
Non-commercial
![Page 46: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
OPEN education?
Let's get your initial
ideas!
![Page 49: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Why open education matters
Link to video: http://vimeo.com/43401199
![Page 50: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
“a collective term to describe institutional
practices and programmatic initiatives that
broaden access to the learning and training
traditionally offered through formal
education systems”
![Page 51: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
“open” in open education = elimination of barriers
What barriers?
● High cost
● Access to resources
● Distance to institutions
● Restrictive copyright laws
● Incompatible technology
● Academic admission requirements
● Accreditation
![Page 52: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
When and how did it all start?
Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
“Everyone has the right to education .
Education shall be free, at least in the
elementary and fundamental stages”
(United Nations, 1948, Art. 26, para. 1)
![Page 53: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
A bit of history...
On the role of openness in education: A historical reconstruction (CC-BY)
![Page 54: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
A bit of history...
On the role of openness in education: A historical reconstruction (CC-BY)
GlobalOpen
Education movement
![Page 55: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Take home message
Openness in education is not a new idea,
fundamentally, education is a human
right.
And looking at the historical development
“shows us not only a technological, but
also a social, cultural and economic
phenomenon.”
On the role of openness in education: A historical reconstruction (CC-BY)
![Page 56: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Key players
Open Source Initiative (CC-BY)David Wiley (CC-BY)
David Wiley
1998: “Open Content”
A creative work freely available for modification, use and redistribution under a license similar to those used by the Open Source / Free Software
community
The 4Rs:
Reuse
Remix
Revise
Redistribute
![Page 57: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Key players
Richard Baranuik
1999: Connexions
A global repository for educational content, provided by volunteers, available for remixing,
editing and download in various formats.
![Page 58: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Key players
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2001: MIT OpenCourseWare
MIT committed to putting all their content (lecture notes, syllabi, lecture videos) for all their courses
on the web, freely accessible to the public
![Page 59: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Open Educational Resources(OER)
"teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual
property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others. Open educational resources include full courses, course materials, modules, textbooks, streaming videos, tests, software,
and any other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge"
William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
![Page 60: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Key players
Larry Lessig
2001: Creative Commons
A non-profit organization that enables the sharing and use of creativity and knowledge through free
legal tools.
Lawrence Lessig (CC-BY)
![Page 61: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
A shared culture
Link to video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DKm96Ftfko
![Page 62: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Open licenses are a tool to enable sharing, legally
![Page 63: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
www.creativecommons.org
Closed Open
By attribution
No derivatives
Share-alike
Non-commercial
![Page 64: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
A global change
![Page 65: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
OER initiatives
![Page 66: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Enter the MOOC
Massive Open Online Course
2012: “The year of the MOOC”
www.mooc-list.com
![Page 67: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Enter the MOOC
MOOC poster (CC-BY)
![Page 68: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Benefits of open licenses and OER
OER are freely available for use by educators and learners,
without the need to pay royalties
Remember the 4 Rs?
Reuse
Remix
Revise
Redistribute
![Page 69: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Benefits of open licenses and OER
Let's brainstorm!
● We can't afford new textbooks for our school.
● I can't afford the textbook for my university course.
● Our textbooks are outdated.
● The resources we have do not suit our needs or context.
● Our textbooks do not align to our curriculum or standards.
● I want to share my notes with others in my community.
● We don't have additional resources for students to go beyond the lesson.
● I want to add in my own activities to existing resources but don't know how.
![Page 70: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Benefits of open licenses and OER
Grant freedoms instead of impose restrictions
Sharing is fundamental to teaching
Collaboration
![Page 71: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Open education and OER in Africa
CC-BY on Flickr CC-BY on Flickr
Parklands School gallery
Contexts abound and all are challenging
Every child deserves a chance
![Page 72: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Open education and OER in Africa
CC-BY on Flickr CC-BY on Flickr
Parklands School gallery
● Build capacity by providing educators free or low-cost access to tools, content and
communities of practice
● Reduce the cost of access to educational materials
● Adapt and develop materials relevant to African contexts and learners
![Page 73: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Open education and OER in Africa
Plays a leading role in supporting higher education institutions across Africa in the development and use of OER to enhance teaching and learning, covering teacher
education, agriculture and health.
The African Virtual University released 73 of its courses as OER in 2006, and has since
developed the OER@AVU repository to increase the number of Africans using and adapting OER.
An initiative which brings together teachers and teacher educators across sub-Saharan Africa,
offering a range of OER to support school based teacher education and training.
![Page 74: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
CommunityCommunity
Technology
Technology Ope
nnes
s
Ope
nnes
s
Siyavula – 'we are opening'
Siyavula is a social enterprise built on
community, openness and technology,
working to make high quality educational
resources available to every learner and
teacher in South Africa.
![Page 75: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
![Page 76: Open education, OER and the African context](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042814/55499a59b4c905a6758b47f5/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
What we have done
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Technology enables and enriches
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Open everything...
Open processes - iterative, transparent and collaborative
Open copyright licenses - freedom to distribute, adapt and enhance
Open standards - formats that enable the freedoms
Opensource software - freedom distribute, adapt and enhance
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National distribution in South Africa
~ 10 million books
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CommunityCommunity
Technology
Technology Ope
nnes
s
Ope
nnes
s
Community - Volunteers
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Who?
Volunteers: Postgrad students:
Honours, Masters, PhD Lecturers and senior lecturers Educators People in industry
Provide a space for people to give back meaningfully to education in South Africa
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Why?
South Africa has many different contexts
Teachers are from different backgrounds that teach in different areas
Drawing on these experiences helps us ensure that our textbooks include aspects that are relevant to the different contexts
More eyes = fewer errors that slip through
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How?
Recruitment
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How?
Workshops
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How?
Online proofreading
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How?
Online translation and translation days
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Community - Recognition
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Challenges of OER?
Technology
Awareness
Sustainability
Open business models
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Let's remix!
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www.creativecommons.org
Closed Open
By attribution
No derivatives
Share-alike
Non-commercial
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By attribution
No derivatives
Share-alike
Non-commercial
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